Biophysical and Structural Features of αβT-Cell Receptor Mechanosensing: A Paradigmatic Shift in Understanding T-Cell Activation.

αβT cells protect vertebrates against many diseases, optimizing surveillance using mechanical force to distinguish between pathophysiologic cellular alterations and normal self-constituents. The multi-subunit αβT-cell receptor (TCR) operates outside of thermal equilibrium, harvesting energy via physical forces generated by T-cell motility and actin-myosin machinery. When a peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex molecule (pMHC) on an antigen presenting cell is ligated, the αβTCR on the T cell leverages force to form a catch bond, prolonging bond lifetime, and enhancing antigen discrimination.

Melanoma toolkit for early detection for primary care clinicians: a 1-year follow-up on outcomes.

Introduction: Primary care providers or clinicians (PCPs) have the potential to assist dermatologists in screening patients at risk for skin cancer, but require training to appropriately identify higher-risk patients, perform skin checks, recognize and biopsy concerning lesions, interpret pathology results, document the exam, and bill for the service. Very few validated dermatology training programs exist for PCPs and those that are available focus primarily on one emphasis area, which results in variable efficacy and single-topic limited scope.

Methods: We have created a free, online, continuing education program (Melanoma Toolkit for Early Detection, MTED) that allows learners to choose from a variety of multimedia tools (image recognition, videos, written material, in-person seminars, self-tests, etc.

Aspartate signalling drives lung metastasis via alternative translation.

Lung metastases occur in up to 54% of patients with metastatic tumours. Contributing factors to this high frequency include the physical properties of the pulmonary system and a less oxidative environment that may favour the survival of cancer cells. Moreover, secreted factors from primary tumours alter immune cells and the extracellular matrix of the lung, creating a permissive pre-metastatic environment primed for the arriving cancer cells.

Multiple cell types support productive infection and dynamic translocation of infectious Ebola virus to the surface of human skin.

Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe human disease. During late infection, EBOV virions are on the skin's surface; however, the permissive skin cell types and the route of virus translocation to the epidermal surface are unknown. We describe a human skin explant model and demonstrate that EBOV infection of human skin via basal media increases in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.

Biparietal Osteodystrophy Visualized on a Dermatologist's Scalp Examination.

Biparietal osteodystrophy, also known as biparietal thinning, is an uncommon illness that causes symmetrical thinning of the parietal bones. It primarily affects women in their sixth and seventh decades of life. We present a case of a 73-year-old female with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis who visited a dermatology clinic with a bulging mass around her vertex scalp, accompanied by episodes of dizziness and blurred vision.

Publication count of matched dermatology applicants reported in literature: a systematic review.

Competitive medical residency specialties, such as Dermatology, have historically placed lofty demands on applicants. We focus on the seemingly increasing demands on applicants to publish, as well as discuss and quantify the delivery of these expectations in the literature. The objective of this article is to systematically review evidence regarding the number of publications possessed by successful applicants to a dermatology residency program.

Successful Multi-Modal Laser Intervention and Histopathological Evaluation of Multiple Glomangiomas.

Objectives: Glomangiomas are benign vascular malformations that exist within the spectrum of glomuvenous malformations which consist of varying amounts of glomus cells, vascular spaces, and smooth muscle. Glomangiomas are often treated due to associated pain, particularly when located on pressure areas such as the back or extensor surfaces, which can cause difficulty with certain activities and occupational functions. Histologically glomangiomas consist of prominent dilated vascular spaces lined by glomus cells typically situated in the deep-dermis to subcutaneous fat which limits treatment to modalities capable of reaching the depth of the tumor including excision, sclerotherapy, and laser therapy.

Facial Contouring Through Jaw Exercises: A Report of Two Cases Examining Efficacy and Consumer Expectations.

This study examines the efficacy of jaw exercising products for facial contouring. The two individuals used a commercially available jaw exerciser for approximately three months, following the provided instructions. Neither case reported noticeable changes in jaw appearance based on subjective measurements.

An Atypical Manifestation: Linear Hyperkeratotic Prurigo Nodularis.

We present the case of a 42-year-old Indian male with prurigo nodularis, exhibiting multiple verrucous, brownish-black nodules on the left lower and right upper extremities, with milder involvement of the right lower extremity. The lesions were asymmetrically distributed in a near-linear pattern, with prominent white hyperkeratosis and associated moderate pruritus and paresthesia. Differential diagnoses included pemphigoid nodularis, verruca vulgaris, and hypertrophic lichen planus, with a biopsy confirming prurigo nodularis.

Resolution of Treatment-Refractory Papulopustular Rosacea With Combined Light Source Photodynamic Therapy Using Pre-incubation Nonablative Fractionated Laser Resurfacing.

Papulopustular rosacea is an inflammatory subtype of rosacea that can significantly impair patients' quality of life. Available treatment options range from anti-inflammatory topical and oral medications to laser and light therapies. Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) has emerged as a more recent treatment option for papulopustular rosacea.

Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy using physician-compounded foam: Position statement from the American vein and lymphatic society.

Chronic venous disease has a major impact on the quality of life of millions of patients. Large randomized controlled trials have established ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) as a safe and effective treatment option for both saphenous vein insufficiency and tributary disease. Ultrasound guidance is a critical component of sclerotherapy of non-visible veins.

Unbiased Drug Target Prediction Reveals Sensitivity to Ferroptosis Inducers, HDAC and RTK Inhibitors in Melanoma Subtypes.

Background: The utilization of PD1 and CTLA4 inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of malignant melanoma (MM). However, resistance to targeted and immune-checkpoint-based therapies still poses a significant problem.

Objective: Here, we mine large-scale MM proteogenomic data to identify druggable targets and forecast treatment efficacy and resistance.

Updates in innovation of the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by rapidly enlarging, painful ulcers with undermined borders. The management of PG is challenging due to the lack of standardized evidence-based treatments.

Areas Covered: This review examines recent efforts to establish standardized outcomes for clinical trials to facilitate the drug development process for PG.

Skin manifestations and related clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A descriptive retrospective cohort study at Texas Children's Hospital.

Background: Little is known about the dermatologic manifestations of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in children and adolescents.

Objective: We sought to describe the demographic background, key clinical features, and the clinical consequences of developing rash manifestations in MIS-C patients at Texas Children's Hospital.

Methods: Descriptive retrospective cohort study of 290 hospitalized eligible patients between May 2020 and April 2022.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated vasculitis: a heterogeneous condition with possible severe disease course.

Objective: To describe presentation, treatment and outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) associated-vasculitis in cancer patients in a multicentre study.

Methods: Thanks to the ImmunoCancer International Registry (ICIR), a multidisciplinary network focused on the research of the immune related adverse events related to cancer immunotherapies, patients presenting with a clinical and/or radiological suspicion of vasculitis, and histological evidence of vasculitis after being exposed to ICIs were retrospectively identified.

Results: Twenty eight cases were identified in the ICIR registry.

SOX2-induced IL1α-mediated immune suppression drives epithelial dysplasia malignant transformation.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are often preceded by potentially malignant precursor lesions, most of which remain benign. The terminal exhaustion phenotypes of effector T-cells and the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been thoroughly characterized in established SCC. However, it is unclear what precancerous lesions harbor a bona fide high risk for malignant transformation and how precancerous epithelial dysplasia drives the immune system to the point of no return.

Vitamin B12-induced acneiform eruption.

Cutaneous acneiform eruptions are a side effect of many medications, including vitamin B12 therapy. However, reports of vitamin B12-induced acne are rare. We present a 67-year-old woman with a new diagnosis of pernicious anemia who developed a sudden acneiform eruption on the face after treatment with high-dose vitamin B12.

Response to ritlecitinib with or without narrow-band UVB add-on therapy in patients with active nonsegmental vitiligo: results from a phase 2b extension study.

Background: Ritlecitinib demonstrated efficacy in a phase 2b trial of nonsegmental vitiligo.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ritlecitinib with add-on narrow-band UVB (nbUVB) phototherapy in patients with nonsegmental vitiligo.

Methods: Following a 24-week, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging period, patients received ritlecitinib 200mg for 4 weeks then 50mg for 20 weeks, with or without nbUVB phototherapy 2x/week.

The association between obesity and efficacy of psoriasis therapies: An expert consensus panel.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease often associated with obesity. Psoriasis therapies may be less effective in patients with obese. The purpose of this expert consensus panel is to evaluate the relationship between obesity and efficacy of psoriasis therapies, thereby optimizing patient care.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a risk factor for having multiple subtypes of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Background: Patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) can present with one or multiple different subtypes of CLE. There is limited understanding of the prevalence and associated risk factors for having multiple CLE subtype diagnoses.

Objective: This study characterized the frequency and risk factors for having multiple CLE subtypes.

Milia En Plaque After Bullous Pemphigoid: An Unusual Sequela.

We present the case of a 36-year-old paraplegic woman with a history of spinal cord injury who developed a generalized blistering rash, later diagnosed as bullous pemphigoid (BP). During her hospitalization, she was treated with prednisone and rituximab infusions, transitioning to maintenance therapy with topical steroids, doxycycline, and nicotinamide. A year later, she presented with concerns about a BP flare on her feet.