Testing an HPV Vaccine Decision Aid for 27- to 45-Year-Old Adults in the United States: A Randomized Trial.

Background: In the United States, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among 27- to 45-y-olds (mid-adults) is recommended based on shared clinical decision making with a health care provider. We developed a patient decision aid tool to support the implementation of this mid-adult HPV vaccination guideline. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a patient decision aid tool for HPV vaccination, HPV DECIDE, compared with an information fact sheet among mid-adults who have not received the HPV vaccine.

Incidence of venous thromboembolism in fracture below the knee with and without chemical thromboprophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Low rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been found in patients with isolated orthopaedic trauma below the knee. Many surgeons routinely provide chemical thromboprophylaxis in these injuries, however. This is not without inherent risks, and this remains a controversial topic in perioperative care in orthopaedic trauma.

Caring for young adult men with inflammatory bowel disease: Clinician and patient perspectives.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents unique challenges for young adult men that extend beyond physical symptoms, encompassing psychosocial dimensions affecting all aspects of life. This article draws insights from a roundtable discussion facilitated by the Crohn's and Colitis Young Adults Network (CCYAN), focusing on the experiences of young men living with IBD. It sheds light on the intersections of IBD and men's sexual and reproductive health, fertility, and mental well-being while identifying gaps in care.

Expert-based physical activity guidelines for metabolic and bariatric surgery patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) can improve outcomes through a physically active lifestyle. Despite ongoing research, clinical recommendations for physical activity (PA) are not fully developed. For this review, 39 articles representing 24 randomized clinical trials satisfied inclusion criteria.

Conservation of structure and dynamic behavior in triazine macrocycles with opportunities for subtle control of hinge motion.

Modifying the backbone of 24-atom macrocycles allows tailoring of physical properties (octanol-water partition coefficients, log ) while conserving both conformation and the barrier to dynamic, hinge-like motion. Structure is determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The barrier can be subtly tuned by modifications that appear to preclude fully revolute motion and efficient π-stacking of the two subunits.

Unincorporation in counties as a political determinant of health: An exploration of five states.

Local government policies and practices shape the context of the places that can alter a population's life chances through socioeconomic factors, built environments, and healthcare access. County governments, one of the most ubiquitous U.S.

Leveraging large language models to improve patient education on dry eye disease.

Background/objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is an exceedingly common diagnosis in patients, yet recent analyses have demonstrated patient education materials (PEMs) on DED to be of low quality and readability. Our study evaluated the utility and performance of three large language models (LLMs) in enhancing and generating new patient education materials (PEMs) on dry eye disease (DED).

Subjects/methods: We evaluated PEMs generated by ChatGPT-3.

The bidirectional relationship between subjective visual function and domain-specific cognition in cognitively unimpaired older adults and adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Subjective visual impairment (VI) is related to cognition in cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The utility of subjective VI as an indicator for domain-specific cognitive impairment is unknown.

Methods: We used the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25 item) and a neuropsychological battery to assess the relationship between subjective VI and domain-specific cognitive performance in CU older adults ( = 58) and MCI patients ( = 16).

Use of a predictor cue during a speech sound discrimination task in a knockout rat model of autism.

Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that despite its complex etiology, is marked by deficits in prediction that manifest in a variety of domains including social interactions, communication, and movement. The tendency of individuals with autism to focus on predictable schedules and interests that contain patterns and rules highlights the likely involvement of the cerebellum in this disorder. One candidate-autism gene is contact in associated protein 2 (), and variants in this gene are associated with sensory deficits and anatomical differences.

Proline variants in the BRCA1 coiled-coil domain disrupt folding and binding to PALB2.

Inherited mutations in the genes coding for the tumor suppressor proteins BRCA1 and PALB2 can lead to increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Upon DNA damage, these two proteins form a complex to promote double-stranded break repair via homologous recombination. Missense mutations in either BRCA1 or PALB2 that disrupt this important interaction result in loss of effective DNA damage repair and are associated with breast tumorigenesis.

The impact of fellowship training on current practice patterns and the job market: a survey of Fellowship Council graduates.

Background: General surgery has changed significantly over the last decades, with the need for advanced training and expertise. The Fellowship Council (FC) accredits fellowships that train approximately 200 fellows annually. This study aimed to analyze FC graduates' perceptions of training, current practices, and the job market.

Defining Renal Recovery in Patients With Hepatorenal Syndrome-Acute Kidney Injury: Experience From North American Studies.

Introduction: The degree of improvement in serum creatinine (SCr) has previously been suggested as a sensitive indicator of treatment response in patients with hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI), while HRS reversal remains the primary endpoint in clinical trials.

Methods: A total of ≥ 30% SCr improvement was analyzed as an exploratory prespecified endpoint in the CONFIRM trial. In this post hoc analysis, intent-to-treat population data from three Phase 3 studies (OT-0401, REVERSE, and CONFIRM) conducted in North America in patients with HRS-AKI were pooled to assess the incidence of > 30% improvement in SCr and its association with clinical outcomes.

An orbital-overlap complement to σ-hole electrostatic potentials.

A σ-hole is an electron-deficient region of positive electrostatic potential (ESP) opposite from a half-filled p orbital involved in forming a covalent bond. The σ-hole concept helps rationalize directional noncovalent interactions, known as σ-hole bonds, between covalently bonded group V-VII atoms and electron-pair donors. The magnitude and orientation of σ-holes are correlated with the strength and geometry of halogen bonds.

Outcomes of A2/A2B to B Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Study.

Background A2/A2B to B kidney transplantation has the potential to increase transplant access for traditionally disadvantaged blood group B minority candidates. Despite prior reports of positive post-transplant safety and clinical success, A2/A2B to B kidney transplantation remains underutilized in the United States. This study aims to investigate the post-transplant outcomes of A2/A2B to B kidney transplants performed at our center.

Questionnaire format of modified frailty index as a predictor for 30-day readmission and length of stay in elderly patients undergoing multi-level lumbar interbody fusion.

Background: Frailty is a spectrum describing a demographic more likely to experience adverse events such as falls, disability, and hospital admission which can be quantified by the modified frailty index (mFI). Several studies have associated increased mFI score with higher rates of hospital readmission and length of stay (LOS). This study tests the predictive value of a frailty questionnaire based on the mFI on LOS and 30-day readmission rates.

A conceptual framework for assessing implementation strategy integrity.

Background: The outcomes of planned implementation efforts have been mixed, with some applications failing to achieve the desired change or impact. While reasons for mixed findings in implementation research are multifaceted (e.g.

Tracheoesophageal puncture and quality of life after total laryngectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Total laryngectomy (TL) is a standard induction treatment for laryngeal cancer. Patients have shown decreased quality of life (QOL) following laryngectomy potentially due to its impact on communication. This study is a systematic review of the effects of TEP on QOL in TL patients.

Rings of Power: Controlling SOD Mimic Activity by the Addition of Pyridine Rings within the Pyridinophane Scaffold.

Superoxide dismutase enzymes are a major defense against superoxide, which is a potent reactive oxygen species. Misregulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent neuronal damage are etiological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease. Macrocyclic small molecules have offered inroads toward functional SOD1 mimics.

Impact of ChatGPT and Large Language Models on Radiology Education: Association of Academic Radiology-Radiology Research Alliance Task Force White Paper.

Generative artificial intelligence, including large language models (LLMs), holds immense potential to enhance healthcare, medical education, and health research. Recognizing the transformative opportunities and potential risks afforded by LLMs, the Association of Academic Radiology-Radiology Research Alliance convened a task force to explore the promise and pitfalls of using LLMs such as ChatGPT in radiology. This white paper explores the impact of LLMs on radiology education, highlighting their potential to enrich curriculum development, teaching and learning, and learner assessment.

Modified Frailty Index Questionnaire as a Predictor of Discharge Destination in Elderly Patients Undergoing Multilevel Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Background: Frailty is defined as a state in which depletion of physiologic reserves causes multisystem impairments independent of natural senescence. This phenomenon can be quantified by the 11-point modified frailty index (mFI-11). This study determines whether an 11-point patient questionnaire developed from the mFI-11 can be used as a predictor for discharge destination following multilevel lumbar interbody fusion surgery in elderly patients.

Spectral properties of 4-methylumbelliferone in PVA films; long-lived room temperature phosphorescence.

We studied absorption and fluorescence as well as room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) in poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films. We focused our study on the long-wavelength basic form of 4MU with absorption centered at 375 nm. The strong fluorescence with a quantum yield of above 70% appears at ∼430 nm.

Policy Changes to Improve Service Access: Best Practices for Researchers Engaging With Criminal Justice Partners.

The Texas Christian University Hub of the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network Project includes a partnership with state criminal justice (CJ) agencies with the goal of impacting state- and local-level policies and practices that will lead to increased access to and retention in community-based substance use treatment services among parole clients. This article outlines how we successfully fostered policy changes and includes a five-step process for how researchers can bridge the gap between research and CJ agencies to implement similar changes. This process included the use of various strategies to support the justice partners in their efforts to implement changes within their organization.

Impact of Screening on Mortality for Patients Diagnosed with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Safety-Net Healthcare System: An Opportunity for Addressing Disparities.

We describe the impact of screening on outcomes of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an urban safety-net healthcare system compared to a non-screened cohort diagnosed with HCC. Patients diagnosed with HCC at John Peter Smith Health Network were identified by querying the hospital tumor registry and allocated to the screened cohort if they had undergone any liver imaging within one year prior to HCC diagnosis, while the remainder were allocated to the non-screened cohort. Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests were used to compare 3-year survival curves from an index date of HCC diagnosis.