Structure and Funding of Clinical Informatics Fellowships: A National Survey of Program Directors.

Background: In 2011, the American Board of Medical Specialties established clinical informatics (CI) as a subspecialty in medicine, jointly administered by the American Board of Pathology and the American Board of Preventive Medicine. Subsequently, many institutions created CI fellowship training programs to meet the growing need for informaticists. Although many programs share similar features, there is considerable variation in program funding and administrative structures.

Long-term efficacy of balloon dilation of the pediatric Eustachian tube: A six-year matched cohort study.

Purpose: Balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET) has not been evaluated extensively in children outside of retrospective case series. The purpose of this study is to report the long-term safety and efficacy of this procedure in children with matched controls.

Materials And Methods: This is a two-center retrospective matched cohort study.

International pediatric otolaryngology group (IPOG) consensus on approach to aspiration.

Objective: To provide recommendations for a comprehensive management approach for infants and children presenting with symptoms or signs of aspiration.

Methods: Three rounds of surveys were sent to authors from 23 institutions worldwide. The threshold for the critical level of agreement among respondents was set at 80 %.

Impact of COVID-19 on nationwide pediatric complicated sinusitis trends throughout 2018-2022.

Objectives: To describe and analyze the trends of pediatric sinusitis cases from 2018 to 2022 across the country utilizing the Pediatric Hospital Information System (PHIS) database focusing on volumes, socioeconomics, and severity of cases.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database, which consists of 50 children's hospitals was performed.

Clinical Characteristics of Primary Snoring vs Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: Analysis of the Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy for Snoring (PATS) Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: It is unknown whether children with primary snoring and children with mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represent populations with substantially different clinical characteristics. Nonetheless, an obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 1 or greater is often used to define OSA and plan for adenotonsillectomy (AT).

Objective: To assess whether a combination of clinical characteristics differentiates children with primary snoring from children with mild OSA.

Social Vulnerability Association with Thyroid Cancer Disparities in the United States.

As thyroid cancer incidence rises, it is increasingly valuable to recognize disparities in treatment and diagnosis. Prior investigations into social determinants of health (SDoH) are limited to pediatric populations or studies looking at single factors such as race or environmental influences. Utilizing the CDC-social vulnerability index and SEER-patient database to assess the amalgamated, real-world influence of varied SDoH and their quantifiable impact on thyroid cancer disparities across the United States.

Type 1 Thyroplasty for Chronic Cough.

Objectives: Type 1 thyroplasty is a vital component of treatment for vocal fold hypomobility, immobility, and atrophy. However, patients with other laryngeal symptoms, including chronic cough, can have concomitant vocal fold atrophy and glottic insufficiency on the exam. Previous work has demonstrated that injection laryngoplasty can assist with treating cough in patients with glottic insufficiency.

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Long-Term Outcomes After Pediatric Tracheostomy.

Objectives: To determine whether long-term outcomes after pediatric tracheostomy are impacted by neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage.

Methods: A prospective cohort of children with tracheostomies was followed at an academic pediatric hospital between 2015 and 2020. Patients were grouped into low or high socioeconomic disadvantage using their neighborhood area deprivation index (ADI).

Large-data contextualizations of social determinant associations in pediatric head and neck cancers.

Purpose Of Review: Prior investigations in social determinants of health (SDoH) and their impact on pediatric head and neck cancers are limited by the narrow scope of cancer types and SDoH being studied while lacking inquiry on the interrelational contribution of varied SDoH in real-world contexts. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current research tackling these shortcomings of SDoH-based studies in head and neck cancer and to discuss means of applying these findings in prospective initiatives and implementations.

Recent Findings: Through leveraging contemporary, large-data analyses measuring diverse social vulnerabilities, several studies have identified comprehensive delineations of which social disparities contribute the largest quantifiable impact on the care of head and neck cancer patients.

Exploring the Epidemiology and Survival Trends in Pediatric Major Salivary Gland Malignancies: Insights from the National Cancer Database.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological, therapeutic, and survival data on pediatric major salivary gland cancers.

Materials And Methods: National Cancer Database (NCDB) query from 2004 to 2018.

Results: In total, 967 cases of individuals under the age of 21 were identified.

Pediatric Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy: Diagnosis and Management. A YO-IFOS Consensus Statement.

Objective: Pediatric inferior turbinate hypertrophy (PedTH) is a frequent and often overlooked cause or associated cause of nasal breathing difficulties. This clinical consensus statement (CCS) aims to provide a diagnosis and management framework covering the lack of specific guidelines for this condition and addressing the existing controversies.

Methods: A clinical consensus statement (CCS) was developed by a panel of 20 contributors from 7 different European and North American countries using the modified Delphi method.

Surgical Outcomes by Early Airway Endoscopy Findings after Pediatric Staged Laryngotracheoplasty.

Objectives: To determine how initial postoperative airway endoscopy findings after stent removal predict successful decannulation in children undergoing double-staged laryngotracheoplasty (dsLTP). Secondary objectives assessed timing of decannulation and number of endoscopic interventions needed after dsLTP.

Methods: A case series with chart review included children who underwent dsLTP at a tertiary children's hospital between 2008 and 2021.

Targeting GBM with an Oncolytic Picornavirus SVV-001 alone and in combination with fractionated Radiation in a Novel Panel of Orthotopic PDX models.

Background: Animal models representing different molecular subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is desired for developing new therapies. SVV-001 is an oncolytic virus selectively targeting cancer cells. It's capacity of passing through the blood brain barrier makes is an attractive novel approach for GBM.

Analyzing County-level Social Vulnerabilities of Head and Neck Melanomas in the United States.

Objectives: Studies addressing social determinants of health (SDH) in head-neck melanomas (HNM) have only assessed incidence with increasing socioeconomic status. None have investigated a wider scope of SDH or their summed influence on affecting HNM prognosis and follow-up care.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 374,138 HNM in adults from 1975 to 2017 from the NCI-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (NCI-SEER) database.

Long-Term Outcomes of Tracheostomy-Dependent Children.

Objective: To estimate the 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival and decannulation rates of children with a tracheostomy.

Study Design: Ambidirectional cohort.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Associations of actigraphy measures of sleep duration and continuity with executive function, vigilance, and fine motor control in children with snoring and mild sleep-disordered breathing.

Study Objectives: Children with snoring and mild sleep-disordered breathing may be at increased risk for neurocognitive deficits despite few obstructive events. We hypothesized that actigraphy-based sleep duration and continuity associate with neurobehavioral functioning and explored whether these associations vary by demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Methods: 298 children enrolled in the Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Trial, ages 3 to 12.

Programming Levels and Speech Perception in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct or GJB2 Mutation.

Objective: To determine the relationship between hearing loss etiology, cochlear implant (CI) programming levels, and speech perception performance in a large clinical cohort of pediatric CI recipients.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care hospitals.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Bronchial Anomalies.

Objectives: Bronchial anomalies are rare but challenging conditions to treat in children, encompassing a variety of structural abnormalities that could compromise airway patency. This includes complete rings, absent cartilage, traumatic avulsions, bronchoesophageal fistulas, and cartilaginous sleeves. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and outcomes of a series of pediatric cases of bronchial anomalies that were treated by slide tracheobronchoplasty.

Building infrastructure to teach quality improvement.

With growing emphasis on healthcare quality improvement (QI) at both national and local levels, there has been increased demand for instructional programs to teach quality improvement as a discipline. Design of QI teaching programs must take into account local resources as well as the background and competing commitments of the learner.  In this article, we review elements of successful quality improvement training programs including structure of didactic and experiential curricula.