Aerodigestive Sequelae and Triple Endoscopy after Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair in Children.

Unlabelled: Children post-tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair may present with chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms that can affect quality of life.

Objective: To identify factors associated with positive findings on triple endoscopy following neonatal TEF repair.

Study Design: Case series with retrospective review of patients.

Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Executive Function in Children Who Snore.

Introduction: Mild sleep-disordered breathing (mSDB) in children is associated with both neurobehavioral morbidity and reduced quality of life (QOL). However, the association between symptom burden and QOL with executive function is not well understood, and it is not known whether QOL and symptom burden may help identify children with neurocognitive dysfunction.

Objective: To assess associations among executive function, QOL, and symptom burden in children with mSDB.

Indications and Outcomes for Tracheostomies in Pediatric Oncology Patients-A Single Center Study.

Background: Children with cancer face a high risk of complications including prolonged mechanical ventilation requiring tracheostomies. While tracheostomies have been demonstrated to be a generally safe procedure, there remain significant rare complications and a paucity of literature addressing outcomes specifically for pediatric patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to characterize pediatric patients with cancer who underwent tracheostomies and describe their indications and outcomes for length of stay, decannulation, and complications.

Multi-institutional Validation of the Interarytenoid Assessment Protocol for Pediatric Laryngeal Cleft.

Background: Current assessment techniques for determining whether a patient has normal interarytenoid anatomy, a deep interarytenoid notch, or a minor laryngeal cleft are highly variable. However, differentiating between these three entities is important, given it may distinguish whether a patient should be considered for surgical intervention. The Interarytenoid Assessment Protocol (IAAP) was developed to provide standardization of interarytenoid anatomy evaluations.

Management of pediatric thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose Of Review: The incidence of thyroid carcinoma is increasing among children and adolescents, particularly in female individuals. Children and adolescents require special considerations in management as the molecular genetics of pediatric thyroid tumors are inherently different from their adult counterparts. The increased risk of malignancy, nodal metastases, and pulmonary metastases in pediatric patients warrants pediatric-specific management recommendations and pediatric-specific multidisciplinary teams.

Outcomes in Pediatric Cholesteatoma.

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the outcomes of surgical management options for cholesteatoma using a national database.

Study Design: Database analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System database to identify children undergoing surgical intervention for cholesteatoma from October 2015 to December 2022.

Methods: Patients were categorized by initial surgical modality: tympanoplasty (TM), tympanoplasty with canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy (TM-CWU), and tympanoplasty with canal wall-down tympanomastoidectomy (TM-CWD).

Association between clinician team segregation, receipt of cardiovascular care and outcomes in valvular heart diseases.

Aims: Racial disparities exist in clinical outcomes for valvular heart disease (VHD). It is unknown whether clinician segregation contributes to these disparities. Among an adequately insured population, we evaluated the relationship between clinician segregation in a hospital and receipt of care by a cardiologist according to patient race.

Evaluation and treatment of rhinosinusitis with primary antibody deficiency in children: Evidence-based review with recommendations.

Background: There is clear evidence that prevalence of primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is higher in children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) than in the general population. The purpose of this multi-institutional and multidisciplinary evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) is to thoroughly review the literature on rhinosinusitis with PAD, summarize the existing evidence, and provide recommendations on the evaluation and management of rhinosinusitis in children with PAD.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed from inception through December 2023.

Quality of Life After Pediatric Tympanomastoidectomy.

Objectives: To assess quality of life (QOL) outcomes after canal wall up (CWU) and canal wall down (CWD) tympanomastoidectomy in the pediatric population.

Methods: A retrospective review tabulated pediatric patients undergoing CWU and CWD tympanomastoidectomy for cholesteatoma by 2 senior surgeons at a single tertiary academic referral center between March 2017 and March 2023. Chronic Ear Survey (CES) and cosmetic survey outcomes were collected post-operatively.

The impact of digital inequities on salivary gland cancer disparities in the United States.

Introduction: Technology and internet access have become increasingly integrated into healthcare as the primary platform for health-related information and provider-patient communication. Disparities in access to digital resources exist in the United States and have been shown to impact health outcomes in various head and neck malignancies. Our objective is to evaluate the associations of digital inequity on health outcomes in patients with salivary gland cancer (SGC).

PLCG2 variants in cherubism.

Background: Cherubism is most commonly caused by rare heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) missense variants in SH3BP2, which appear to signal through phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2) to cause excessive osteoclast activity leading to expansile lesions in facial bones in childhood. GOF variants in PLCG2 lead to autoinflammatory PLCG2-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (autoinflammatory PLAID, or PLAID-GOF), characterized by variably penetrant autoinflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and atopic manifestations. Cherubism has not been reported in PLAID to date.

Postoperative Respiratory Complications After Adenotonsillectomy in Children With High-Risk Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: Identify patient characteristics and polysomnogram (PSG) parameters associated with postoperative respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy (AT) among children with high-risk obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Subglottic Stenosis After Pediatric Tracheostomy.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of subglottic stenosis (SGS) in children after tracheostomy and identify risk factors for development.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Methods: All patients (<18 years) undergoing tracheostomy at a tertiary children's hospital between 2015 and 2020 were included.

Weight Gain After Adenotonsillectomy in Children With Mild Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Exploratory Analysis of the PATS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: It is unknown whether adenotonsillectomy causes undesirable weight gain in children with mild obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB).

Objective: To compare changes in anthropometric measures in children with mild oSDB treated with adenotonsillectomy vs watchful waiting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was an exploratory analysis of the Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Trial for Snoring (PATS) randomized clinical trial of adenotonsillectomy vs watchful waiting for mild oSDB (snoring with obstructive apnea-hypopnea index of <3 events/hour) that took place at 7 pediatric tertiary care centers across the US and included 458 children aged 3.