A GWAS identified loci and candidate genes associated with fiber quality traits in a new cotton MAGIC population.

GWAS of a new MAGIC population containing alleles from five tetraploid Gossypium species identified novel fiber QTL and confirmed previously identified stable QTL. Identification of loci and underlying genes for fiber quality traits will facilitate genetic improvement in cotton fiber quality. In this research, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out for fiber quality attributes using a new multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population consisting of 372 recombinant inbred lines (RILs).

Phase Transition and Multistability in Dicke Dimer.

The hybrid quantum system of cold atomic gas and optical cavity can host many exotic phenomena including phase transitions and multistabilities. In this Letter, we investigate the effect of photon hopping between two Dicke cavities and show rich quantum phases for steady states and dynamic processes. Starting from a generic dimer system where the two cavities are not necessarily identical, we analytically obtain all possible steady-state phases and confirm their existence by numerical calculations.

Incidence of venous thromboembolism in fracture below the knee with and without chemical thromboprophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Low rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been found in patients with isolated orthopaedic trauma below the knee. Many surgeons routinely provide chemical thromboprophylaxis in these injuries, however. This is not without inherent risks, and this remains a controversial topic in perioperative care in orthopaedic trauma.

Assessing the predicted impact of single amino acid substitutions in calmodulin for CAGI6 challenges.

Recent thermodynamic and functional studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of amino acid substitutions on Calmodulin (CaM). The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) data provider at University of Verona (Italy) measured the melting temperature (T) and the percentage of unfolding (%unfold) of a set of CaM variants (CaM challenge dataset). Thermodynamic measurements for the equilibrium unfolding of CaM were obtained by monitoring far-UV Circular Dichroism as a function of temperature.

Detection of Prions in Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa) from Areas with Reported Chronic Wasting Disease Cases, United States.

Using a prion amplification assay, we identified prions in tissues from wild pigs (Sus scrofa) living in areas of the United States with variable chronic wasting disease (CWD) epidemiology. Our findings indicate that scavenging swine could play a role in disseminating CWD and could therefore influence its epidemiology, geographic distribution, and interspecies spread.

ADME, Toxicity, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, Glucokinase activation, DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase Inhibition Assays of Mangiferin and Friedelin for Antidiabetic Potential.

The study investigates the inhibitory properties of Mangiferin and Friedelin against glucokinase, DPP-IV, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase using computational methods, in vitro enzyme assays, and in-depth ADMET analysis. The study utilized a computer-aided drug design approach to assess the potential therapeutic properties of Mangiferin and Friedelin as T2DM therapeutic agents. Molecular docking studies' outcomes encouraged the evaluation of both compounds in in vitro enzymatic assays.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated vasculitis: a heterogeneous condition with possible severe disease course.

Objective: To describe presentation, treatment and outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) associated-vasculitis in cancer patients in a multicentre study.

Methods: Thanks to the ImmunoCancer International Registry (ICIR), a multidisciplinary network focused on the research of the immune related adverse events related to cancer immunotherapies, patients presenting with a clinical and/or radiological suspicion of vasculitis, and histological evidence of vasculitis after being exposed to ICIs were retrospectively identified.

Results: Twenty eight cases were identified in the ICIR registry.

Mobile Anthropometry in Division I Baseball Athletes: Evaluation of an Existing Application and the Development of New Equations.

Haynes, H, Tinsley, GM, Swafford, SH, Compton, AT, Moore, J, Donahue, PT, and Graybeal, AJ. Mobile anthropometry in Division I baseball athletes: evaluation of an existing application and the development of new equations. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the agreement between mobile application and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body composition parameters in a group of Division I (DI) collegiate baseball athletes and to develop new equations for this population using this mobile technique.

Increased White Matter Aerobic Glycolysis in Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: Despite treatments which reduce relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS), many patients continue to experience progressive disability accumulation. MS is associated with metabolic disruptions and cerebral metabolic stress predisposes to tissue injury and possibly impaired remyelination. Additionally, myelin homeostasis is metabolically expensive and reliant on glycolysis.

Protein-Enabled Size-Selective Defect-Sealing of Atomically Thin 2D Membranes for Dialysis and Nanoscale Separations.

Atomically thin 2D materials present the potential for advancing membrane separations via a combination of high selectivity (from molecular sieving) and high permeance (due to atomic thinness). However, the creation of a high density of precise nanopores (narrow-size-distribution) over large areas in 2D materials remains challenging, and nonselective leakage from nanopore heterogeneity adversely impacts performance. Here, we demonstrate protein-enabled size-selective defect sealing (PDS) for atomically thin graphene membranes over centimeter scale areas by leveraging the size and reactivity of permeating proteins to preferentially seal larger nanopores (≥4 nm) while preserving a significant amount of smaller nanopores (via steric hindrance).

Delisting From Liver Transplant List for Improvement and Re-compensation Among Decompensated Patients at one-year.

Background And Aim: Data are limited regarding etiology-specific trends for delisting and re-compensation for liver disease improvement among liver transplant (LT) listed candidates in the US.

Methods And Results: A retrospective cohort (2002-2022) using UNOS database examined etiology-specific trends for delisting and re-compensation due to liver disease improvement among candidates listed for LT. Of 120,451 listings in adults, 34,444 (2002-08), 38,296 (2009-2015), 47,711 (2016-2022) were analyzed.

Psychotropic medication usage in sporadic versus genetic behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia.

Introduction: Psychotropic medication (PM) use in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is higher than in other dementias. However, no information exists on whether PM use differs between sporadic and genetic bvFTD.

Methods: We analyzed data from sporadic and genetic bvFTD participants with PM prescriptions in the Advancing Research and Treatment in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects study.

Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.

Microglia internalize tau monomers and fibrils using distinct receptors but similar mechanisms.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies are characterized by intracellular aggregates of microtubule-associated protein tau that are actively released and promote proteopathic spread. Microglia engulf pathological proteins, but how they endocytose tau is unknown.

Methods: We measured endocytosis of different tau species by microglia after pharmacological modulation of macropinocytosis or clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) or antagonism/genetic depletion of known tau receptors heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1).

Reframing the "Migration Crisis" as a Humanitarian and Public Health Emergency.

The current narrative of a "migration crisis" has so severely misdirected the understanding of the fundamental human safety, security, and health challenges that confront migrants, that we feel compelled to reframe the issue as a public health and humanitarian emergency. By looking at migrants as an economic threat or as an "invasion" that threatens the American way of life," it becomes difficult to view their humanity as vulnerable individuals who confront a host of challenges at the border, including abuse, dehumanization, and incarceration. The forced migration of thousands of individuals and families who flee their countries of origin to escape violence and insecurity to then be demonized and retraumatized at the border is a public health emergency.

Millisecond Label-Free Single Peptide Detection and Identification Using Nanoscale Electrochromatography and Resistive Pulse Sensing.

We are developing a unique protein identification method that consists of generating peptides proteolytically from a single protein molecule (i.e., peptide fingerprints) with peptide detection and identification carried out using nanoscale electrochromatography and label-free resistive pulse sensing (RPS).

DiffBP: generative diffusion of 3D molecules for target protein binding.

Generating molecules that bind to specific proteins is an important but challenging task in drug discovery. Most previous works typically generate atoms autoregressively, with element types and 3D coordinates of atoms generated one by one. However, in real-world molecular systems, interactions among atoms are global, spanning the entire molecule, leading to pair-coupled energy function among atoms.

Kinetics and dynamics of atomic-layer dissolution on low-defect Ag.

Electrochemical metal dissolution reaction is a fundamental process in various critical technologies, including metal anode batteries and nanofabrication. However, experimentally revealing the kinetics and dynamics of active sites of metal dissolution reactions is challenging. Herein, we investigate metal dissolution on near-perfect single-crystal surfaces of Ag within regions of a few hundred nanometers isolated by scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM).

Recent developments in microfluidic passive separation to enable purification of platelets for transfusion.

Platelet transfusion is a lifesaving therapy intended to prevent and treat bleeding. However, in addition to platelets, a typical unit also contains a large volume of supernatant that accumulates multiple pro-inflammatory contaminants, including residual leukocytes, microaggregates, microparticles, antibodies, and cytokines. Infusion of this supernatant is responsible for virtually all adverse reactions to platelet transfusions.

Innovative Approach to Sustainable Fertilizer Production: Leveraging Electrically Assisted Conversion of Sewage Sludge for Nutrient Recovery.

Efforts addressing sludge management, food security, and resource recovery have led to novel approaches in these areas. Electrically assisted conversion of sludge stands out as a promising technology for sewage sludge valorization, producing nitrogen and phosphorus-based fertilizers. The adoption of this technology, which could lead to a fertilizer circular economy, holds the potential to catalyze a transformative change in wastewater treatment facilities toward process intensification, innovation, and sustainability.

Toward Pore Size-Selective Photoredox Catalysis Using Bifunctional Microporous 2D Triazine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks.

The design and synthesis of photoactive metal-free 2D materials for selective heterogeneous photoredox catalysis continue to be challenging due to issues related to nonrecyclability, and limited photo- and chemical stability. Herein, we report the photocatalytic properties of a triazine-based porous COF, , which is found to be capable of facilitating both SET (single electron transfer) for photocatalytic reductive debromination of phenacyl bromide in absence of oxygen and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for benzylamine photo-oxidation in the presence of oxygen, respectively, under visible light irradiation. Inspired by the latter results, we further systematically investigated different-sized benzylamine substrates in this single-component reaction and compared the results with an analogous COF () exhibiting a larger pore size.

Software codesign between end users and developers to enhance utility for biodiversity conservation.

Creating software tools that address the needs of a wide range of decision-makers requires the inclusion of differing perspectives throughout the development process. Software tools for biodiversity conservation often fall short in this regard, partly because broad decision-maker needs may exceed the toolkits of single research groups or even institutions. We show that participatory, collaborative codesign enhances the utility of software tools for better decision-making in biodiversity conservation planning, as demonstrated by our experiences developing a set of integrated tools in Colombia.

The use of exoskeleton robotic training on lower extremity function in spinal cord injuries: A systematic review.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the utility of exoskeleton robotic therapy on lower extremity recovery in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients.

Methods: We used the Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases and searched from to December 2023 for studies on exoskeleton robotic assist devices used in working with SCI patients. Only articles published in English were evaluated, and the retrieved articles were screened via our inclusion/exclusion criteria.