Luminance invariant encoding in mouse primary visual cortex.

The visual system adapts to maintain sensitivity and selectivity over a large range of luminance intensities. One way that the retina maintains sensitivity across night and day is by switching between rod and cone photoreceptors, which alters the receptive fields and interneuronal correlations of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). While these adaptations allow the retina to transmit visual information to the brain across environmental conditions, the code used for that transmission varies.

Molecular Determinants of Optical Modulation in ssDNA-Carbon Nanotube Biosensors.

Most traditional optical biosensors operate through molecular recognition, where ligand binding causes conformational changes that lead to optical perturbations in the emitting motif. Optical sensors developed from single-stranded DNA-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (ssDNA-SWCNTs) have started to make useful contributions to biological research. However, the mechanisms underlying their function have remained poorly understood.

ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in a sample of prison staff: A latent profile approach.

Although empirical support for the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (11th ed.; ICD-11) distinction between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) is growing, research into the ICD-11 CPTSD model in prison staff is lacking. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to (a) determine if there are distinct groups of trauma-exposed prison governors (i.

Therapeutic impacts of recalling and processing positive autobiographical memories on posttrauma health: An open-label study.

The processing of positive memories technique (PPMT) entails detailed narration and processing of specific positive autobiographical memories (AM) and has shown promise in improving posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We examined whether participants receiving PPMT reported decreases in PTSD and depressive symptom severity, negative affect levels/reactivity, posttrauma cognitions, and positive emotion dysregulation, as well as increases in positive affect levels/reactivity and the number of retrieved positive AMs across four PPMT sessions. Individuals (N = 70) recruited from the community completed surveys at baseline (pre-PPMT), each PPMT session, and after completing all four PPMT sessions.

Macrolide resistance due to (55).

Unlabelled: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. The identification and characterization of novel resistance genes is integral to AMR surveillance. The (55) gene was originally identified through whole genome sequencing of macrolide-resistant strains of .

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 provides low-level cross-protection against common cold coronaviruses in mouse and non-human primate animal models.

The common cold coronaviruses are a source of ongoing morbidity and mortality particularly among elderly and immunocompromised individuals. While cross-reactive immune responses against multiple coronaviruses have been described following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, it remains unclear if these confer any degree of cross-protection against the common cold coronaviruses. A recombinant fowl adenovirus vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (FAdV-9-S19) was generated, and protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge was shown in K18-hACE2 mice.

Vaccinia growth factor-dependent modulation of the mTORC1-CAD axis upon nutrient restriction.

The molecular mechanisms by which vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypical member of the poxviridae family, reprograms host cell metabolism remain largely unexplored. Additionally, cells sense and respond to fluctuating nutrient availability, thereby modulating metabolic pathways to ensure cellular homeostasis. Understanding how VACV modulates metabolic pathways in response to nutrient signals is crucial for understanding viral replication mechanisms, with the potential for developing antiviral therapies.

Fluoroquinolones and rifampin combination in the backdrop of heteroresistant tuberculosis.

The impact of heteroresistance on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is unclear, as is the role of different rifampin and isoniazid exposures on developing resistance mutations. Hollow fiber system model of TB (HFS-TB) units were inoculated with drug-susceptible () and treated with isoniazid and rifampin exposure identified in a clinical trial as leading to treatment failure and acquired drug resistance. Systems were sampled for drug concentration measurements, estimation of total and drug-resistant , and small molecule overlapping reads (SMOR) analysis for the detection of heteroresistance.

colonization is not mediated by bile salts and utilizes Stickland fermentation of proline in an model.

Treatment with antibiotics is a major risk factor for infection, likely due to depletion of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Two microbiota-mediated mechanisms thought to limit colonization include the conversion of conjugated primary bile salts into secondary bile salts toxic to growth and competition between the microbiota and for limiting nutrients. Using a continuous flow model that simulates the nutrient conditions of the distal colon, we investigated how treatment with 6 clinically used antibiotics influenced susceptibility to infection in 12 different microbial communities cultivated from healthy individuals.

Complete genome sequence of bacteriophage Godfather isolated from .

Microbacteriophage Godfather was collected from a soil sample in Stephenville, Texas. The 17,452-bp double-stranded genome contains 24 protein-coding genes. The genome shares >99% nucleotide sequence identity with cluster EE microbacteriophages Scamander, Danno, Kojax4, and Burgy.

Comparing field and lab quantitative stable isotope probing for nitrogen assimilation in soil microbes.

Unlabelled: Soil microbial communities play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and can help retain nitrogen in agricultural soils. Quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) is a useful method for investigating taxon-specific microbial growth and utilization of specific nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). Typically, qSIP is performed in a highly controlled lab setting, so the field relevance of lab qSIP studies remains unknown.

Development and Evaluation of an Automated Multimodal Mobile Detection of Oral Cancer (mDOC) Imaging System to Aid in Risk-based Management of Oral Mucosal Lesions.

Oral cancer is a major global health problem. It is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage although often preceded by clinically visible oral mucosal lesions, termed oral potentially malignant disorders associated with an increased risk for oral cancer development. There is an unmet clinical need for effective screening tools to assist front-line healthcare providers to determine which patients should be referred to an oral cancer specialist for evaluation.

Nocturnal pulse oxygen saturation dynamics at simulated high altitude: Predictive value for acute mountain sickness in healthy men born pre-term.

The physiological sequelae of pre-term birth might influence the responses of this population to hypoxia. Moreover, identifying variables associated with development of acute mountain sickness (AMS) remains a key practically significant area of altitude research. We investigated the effects of pre-term birth on nocturnal oxygen saturation ( ) dynamics and assessed the predictive potential of nocturnal -related metrics for morning AMS in 12 healthy adults with gestational age < 32 weeks (pre-term) and 12 term-born control participants.

Dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis 40 years after diagnosis.

There is limited knowledge on diffusing capacity in scoliosis patients. It remains to be determined if impaired pulmonary diffusing capacity is mostly influenced by reduced alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity (D), reduced pulmonary capillary blood volume (V) or both. This study aims to report findings from dual test gas pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide (D) with quantification of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for haemoglobin with a five s breath-hold (D) and nitric oxide with a five s breath-hold (D), D and V.

Safety of pre-operative venogram for hemodialysis access planning in pre-end-stage kidney disease patients.

Background: Although conventional pre-operative venography can accurately delineate venous anatomy as an alternative to ultrasound for hemodialysis access planning, it may carry a risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and progression of renal failure in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients not yet on dialysis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pre-operative venograms in pre-end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study (2018-2022) of consecutive pre-ESKD patients who underwent staged bilateral venograms for preoperative vein mapping prior to hemodialysis access creation at a tertiary care medical center.

Use of Digital Health Interventions for Cancer Prevention Among People Living With Disabilities in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Background: The use of digital health strategies for cancer care increased dramatically in the United States over the past 4 years. However, a dearth of knowledge remains about the use of digital health for cancer prevention for some populations with heath disparities. Therefore, the purpose of the present scoping review was to identify digital health interventions for cancer prevention designed for people with disabilities.

A case for broadening our view of mechanism in developmental biology.

Developmental biologists can perform studies that describe a phenomenon (descriptive work) and/or explain how the phenomenon works (mechanistic work). There is a prevalent perception that molecular/genetic explanations achieved via perturbations of gene function are the primary means of advancing mechanistic knowledge. We believe this to be a limited perspective, one that does not effectively represent the breadth of work in our field.

Capturing Strong Correlation in Molecules with Phaseless Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo Using Generalized Hartree-Fock Trial Wave Functions.

Generalized Hartree-Fock (GHF) is a long-established electronic structure method that can lower the energy (compared to spin-restricted variants) by breaking physical wave function symmetries, namely and . After an exposition of GHF theory, we assess the use of GHF trial wave functions in phaseless auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo (ph-AFQMC-G) calculations of strongly correlated molecular systems including symmetrically stretched hydrogen rings, carbon dioxide, and dioxygen. Imaginary time propagation is able to restore symmetry and yields energies of comparable or better accuracy than CCSD(T) with unrestricted HF and GHF references, and consistently smooth dissociation curves─a remarkable result given the relative scalability of ph-AFQMC-G to larger system sizes.

Associations of Social, Behavioral, and Clinical Factors With Sex Differences in Stroke Recurrence and Poststroke Mortality.

Background: Few population-based studies have assessed sex differences in stroke recurrence. In addition, contributors to sex differences in recurrence and poststroke mortality, including social factors, are unclear. We investigated sex differences in these outcomes and the contribution of social, clinical, and behavioral factors to the sex differences.

Reevaluating Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: Targeting Senescence to Balance Anti-Cancer Efficacy and Vascular Disease.

Modulating immune function is a critical strategy in cancer and atherosclerosis treatments. For cancer, boosting or maintaining the immune system is crucial to prevent tumor growth. However, in vascular disease, mitigating immune responses can decrease inflammation and slow atherosclerosis progression.

Downscaling of Non-Van der Waals Semimetallic WN with Resistivity Preservation.

The bulk phase of transition metal nitrides (TMNs) has long been a subject of extensive investigation due to their utility as coating materials, electrocatalysts, and diffusion barriers, attributed to their high conductivity and refractory properties. Downscaling TMNs into two-dimensional (2D) forms would provide valuable members to the existing 2D materials repertoire, with potential enhancements across various applications. Moreover, calculations have anticipated the emergence of uncommon physical phenomena in TMNs at the 2D limit.

Scoping review of robotics technology in spinal surgery with highlights of the Annual Seattle Science Foundation Course.

Background: Robotic assistance has become increasingly prevalent in spinal surgery in recent years, emerging as a tool to increase accuracy and precision and lower complication rates and radiation exposure. The 7 and 8 Annual Seattle Science Foundation (SSF) Robotics Courses showcased presentations and demonstrations from some of the field's most experiences leaders on latest topics in robotics and spinal surgery, including cutting-edge preoperative planning technologies, augmented reality (AR) in the operating room, cervical fusion with transpedicular screws, and neuro-oncologic management. We provide a scoping review of the use of robotics technology in spinal surgery featuring highlights from the 7 and 8 Annual SSF Robotics Courses.