AI-guided framework for the design of materials and devices for magnetic-tunnel-junction-based true random number generators.

Emerging devices, such as magnetic tunnel junctions, are key for energy-efficient, performant future computing systems. However, designing devices with the desirable specification and performance for these applications is often found to be time-consuming and non-trivial. Here, we investigate the design and optimization of spin-orbit torque and spin transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction models as the probabilistic devices for true random number generation.

Loss of Socs2 improves molecular responses to IFNα in a mouse model of myeloproliferative neoplasms driven by JAK2-V617F.

Therapy with pegylated interferon alpha (pegIFNα) can induce a deep molecular response in a subset of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Here we investigated the role of Socs2, a negative regulator of cytokine signaling, in modulating the response to pegIFNα in a JAK2-V617F mouse model of MPN. Deleting Socs2 in JAK2-V617F mice resulted in increased sensitivity to cytokines, without causing significant alterations in the MPN phenotype.

Longitudinal multi-omics in alpha-synuclein Drosophila model discriminates disease- from age-associated pathologies in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) starts decades before symptoms appear, usually in the later decades of life, when age-related changes are occurring. To identify molecular changes early in the disease course and distinguish PD pathologies from aging, we generated Drosophila expressing alpha-synuclein (αSyn) in neurons and performed longitudinal bulk transcriptomics and proteomics on brains at six time points across the lifespan and compared the data to healthy control flies as well as human post-mortem brain datasets. We found that translational and energy metabolism pathways were downregulated in αSyn flies at the earliest timepoints; comparison with the aged control flies suggests that elevated αSyn accelerates changes associated with normal aging.

Management of corneal injuries in spaceflight and recommendations for planetary missions.

In February 1968, NASA purchased 400 antigravity ballpoint pens from the Fisher Pen Company for the Apollo Program to prevent potential harm to astronauts and equipment. Mechanical pencils previously used in microgravity posed risks like eye injuries from floating fragments penetrating the cornea. The cornea is vulnerable to abrasions, perforations, and chemical burns in such environments, affecting crewmembers aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

Microbiota and metabolite-based prediction tool for colonic polyposis with and without a known genetic driver.

Despite extensive investigations into the microbiome and metabolome changes associated with colon polyps and colorectal cancer (CRC), the microbiome and metabolome profiles of individuals with colonic polyposis, including those with (Gene-pos) and without (Gene-neg) a known genetic driver, remain comparatively unexplored. Using colon biopsies, polyps, and stool from patients with Gene-pos adenomatous polyposis ( = 9), Gene-neg adenomatous polyposis ( = 18), and serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS,  = 11), we demonstrated through 16S rRNA sequencing that the mucosa-associated microbiota in individuals with colonic polyposis is representative of the microbiota associated with small polyps, and that both Gene-pos and SPS cohorts exhibit differential microbiota populations relative to Gene-neg polyposis cohorts. Furthermore, we used these differential microbiota taxa to perform linear discriminant analysis to differentiate Gene-neg subjects from Gene-pos and from SPS subjects with an accuracy of 89% and 93% respectively.

Reimagining Dearomatization: Arenophile-Mediated Single-Atom Insertions and π-Extensions.

ConspectusDearomatization of simple aromatics serves as one of the most direct strategies for converting abundant chemical feedstocks into three-dimensional value-added products. Among such transformations, cycloadditions between arenes and alkenes have historically offered effective means to construct complex polycyclic architectures. However, traditionally harsh conditions, such as high-energy UV light irradiation, have greatly limited the scope of this transformation.

Optimizing Postoperative Anticoagulation Regimen To Improve Lower Extremity Free Flap Outcomes.

Purpose: Free flap reconstruction for lower extremity (LE) trauma has a higher failure rate than free flaps in other anatomic regions. Post-operative anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy may influence LE free flap outcomes, but an optimal regimen has not been established. This study aims to evaluate complication rates associated with different anticoagulation and antiplatelet protocols in LE free flap reconstruction.

Alpha-frequency stimulation strengthens coupling between temporal fluctuations in alpha oscillation power and default mode network connectivity.

Alpha (8-12 Hz) oscillations and default mode network (DMN) activity dominate the brain's intrinsic activity in the temporal and spatial domains, respectively. They are thought to play crucial roles in the spatiotemporal organization of the complex brain system. Relatedly, both have been implicated, often concurrently, in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, with accruing electroencephalogram/magnetoencephalogram (EEG/MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data linking these two neural activities both at rest and during key cognitive operations.

The Salient Aroma Hypothesis: host plant specialization is linked with plant volatile availability in Lepidoptera.

Host plant use in Lepidoptera has been a primary focus in studies of ecological specialization, and multiple factors are likely to be involved in shaping the evolution of diet breadth. Here, we first describe the Salient Aroma Hypothesis, suggesting that the availability of chemical information, particularly host-associated aromas, plays a critical role in shaping dietary specialization. According to the Salient Aroma Hypothesis, herbivores active during periods when chemical information is abundant, particularly during the daytime hours when plant aromas are hypothesized to be more prevalent, are more likely to evolve specialized diets.

Cardiovascular Health, Lifestyle Factors, and Social Determinants Among Hispanic or Latino Adults in the United States.

Background: Among Hispanic/Latino subgroups residing in the US, disparities in cardiovascular health status remain largely uncharacterized.

Methods: This national study used the National Health Interview Survey to assess the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes) and cardiovascular diseases (history of heart attack, coronary heart disease, angina, stroke) across Hispanic/Latino subgroups (Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Central/South American), and the extent to which differences are related to lifestyle factors (physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) and/or social determinants of health (income, education, food security, and health insurance status).

Results: The weighted study population included 35,549,841 Hispanic/Latino adults (26,008 respondents).

A longitudinal examination into childhood abuse and substance use to PTSD symptoms and deviant peer association: Impact of developmental timing of abuse.

Background: Following child abuse, adolescents often endorse PTSD symptoms and use substances. However, few studies have addressed the longitudinal underlying effects of deviant peer association and revictimization and the developmental impact of PTSD symptoms and substance use.

Objective: To address these limitations, the current study utilized the susceptibility and self-medication hypothesis to examine abuse in childhood ages 0-12 and adolescence ages 12-16 as predictors of substance use in mid-adolescence at age 16 and symptoms of (PTSD) in late adolescence at age 18 mediated by associating with deviant peers and revictimization using a sample of 596 (73.

Safety and efficacy of provocative angiography for localization and treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Purpose: Mesenteric angiography and embolization is an effective treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. In the setting of occult bleeding, provocative maneuvers with intra-arterial vasodilators and thrombolytics can increase the diagnostic yield of angiography. This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of provocative angiography and factors that increase the positivity rate for active bleeding at the time of provocation.

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome and treatments to target hepatic APOC3 mRNA.

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare, recessive monogenic disorder characterized by severely elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) levels due to absent or markedly impaired lipoprotein lipase activity, leading to a greatly increased risk of acute pancreatitis. Naturally occurring very low levels of apoC-III are associated with low TG levels; thus, apoC-III is a target for TG lowering, and therapies have been developed to reduce apoC-III. Strategies to inhibit hepatic apoC-III synthesis include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

Encoding 3D information in 2D feature maps for brain CT-Angiography.

We propose learnable 3D pooling (L3P), a CNN module designed to compress 3D information into 2D feature maps using anisotropic convolutions and unidirectional max pooling. Specifically, we used L3P followed by a 2D network to generate predictions from 3D brain CT-Angiography (CTA) in the context of large vessel occlusion (LVO). To further demonstrate its versatility, we extended its application to 3D brain MRI analysis for brain age prediction.

Efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Larotrectinib is the first-in-class, highly selective TRK inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in various TRK fusion solid tumours. We report the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

Methods: Patients with TRK fusion GI cancer from NAVIGATE (NCT02576431) were included.

Nature-focused livestreams: Connecting people to nature and to each other.

Engaging with nature has been found to have a range of benefits across the biopsychosocial and spiritual domains of well-being. Nature-focused livestreams (NFLs) offer an alternative to physically engaging with nature and serve as a window to nature as society has become more urbanized and has increasingly moved indoors. In this brief review, we examine the role of NFLs in connecting people with nature and connecting people with each other.

Factors associated with perceived medication safety during transitions of care in patients with cancer: A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate perceived medication safety in patients with cancer during transitions of care and identify factors associated with their safety perceptions.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed on a cross-sectional survey data of from patients with four types of cancer (i.e.

The Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Spotted Fever Group and Typhus Group Rickettsia Along the Texas-Mexico Border.

Rickettsial pathogens are an endemic and emergent source of disease in Texas, with a historically high rate of transmission along the United States-Mexico border. To better understand the prevalence and risk factors for spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) and typhus group Rickettsia (TGR) along the Texas-Mexico border, we conducted a seroprevalence study of adults residing in Starr County, Texas (N = 616). Plasma samples were screened for IgG reactivity to SFGR and TGR using commercially available ELISA.

Geospatial Analysis of Hymenolepis (Rodentolepis) nana Infection Transmission in Schools among Children in Cusco, Peru.

Hymenolepis nana is an emergent parasitosis, and the role of schools in infection transmission is unclear. Data from a cross-sectional study evaluating children for H. nana infection in schools in three districts of Anta province in Peru were analyzed.

Development of Coup de Sabre in an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Study from Lilongwe, Malawi.

Coup de Sabre is a subset of localized linear scleroderma disease influenced by autoimmune, vascular, and genetic factors. The disease often follows an active, relapsing, and remitting course causing the development of permanent sequelae, such as tissue atrophy, pigment alterations, and bony deformities. Treatment strategies have ranged from surgical to injectable and medical management approaches with varying success.

Exploratory Co-Design on Electronic Health Record Nursing Summaries: Case Study.

Background: Although electronic health record nursing summaries aim to provide a concise overview of patient data, they often fall short of meeting nurses' information needs, leading to underutilization. This gap arises from a lack of involvement of nurses in the design of health information technologies.

Objective: The purpose of this exploratory co-design case study was to solicit insights from nurses regarding nursing summary design considerations, including key information types and the preferred design prototype.

Unraveling Solvent and Substituent Effects in the Photodynamics of Light-Dependent Microtubule Inhibitors for Cancer Phototherapy.

In photopharmacology, molecular photoswitches enable light-controlled drug activities, offering precision in targeting biomolecular functions while minimizing side effects. Photostatins (PSTs) are photoswitchable analogs of combretastatin A-4 (CA4), designed to inhibit tubulin polymerization for cancer treatment. However, the influence of substituents and molecular environments on their photochemistry remains unclear.