Understanding post-operative opioid use across multiple surgical specialties.

Background: The United States (US) is facing an opioid epidemic. Prescribed opioids are a contributor to this national issue. Strategies to reduce opioid prescriptions are a high priority.

Applications of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetics: a comprehensive review.

The utilisation of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetic products has been steadily increasing because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and benefits. In this thorough review, we will delve into the various types of nanoparticles, such as green nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanoparticles, with a special focus on heavy metal-based nanoparticles. These heavy metal-based nanoparticles exhibit exceptional physical and mechanical properties, making them suitable materials for cosmetic and personal care products.

Electrostatic interactions in nucleosome and higher-order structures are regulated by protonation state of histone ionizable residue.

The nucleosome serves as the fundamental unit of chromatin organization, with electrostatic interactions acting as the driving forces in the folding of nucleosomes into chromatin. Perturbations around physiological pH conditions can lead to changes in the protonation states of titratable histone residues, impacting nucleosome surface electrostatic potentials and interactions. However, the effects of proton uptake or release of histone ionizable groups on nucleosome-partner protein interactions and higher-order chromatin structures remain largely unexplored.

Noise-induced synchronization in coupled quantum oscillators.

We consider the quantum dynamics of a pair of coupled quantum oscillators coupled to a common correlated dissipative environment. The resulting equations of motion for both the operator moments and covariances can be integrated analytically using the Lyapunov equations. We find that for fully correlated and fully anti-correlated environments, the oscillators relax into a phase-synchronized state that persists for long-times when the two oscillators are nearly resonant and (essentially) forever if the two oscillators are in resonance.

Psychometric Properties of Questionnaires to Assess the Family Food Environment in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review.

Context: Given the diverse aspects of the family food environment, it is essential to clarify the availability of tools, the assessed dimensions, and the extent to which they offer a comprehensive and valid evaluation of the domestic food setting.

Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the validity and reliability of instruments gauging the food environment within the pediatric population.

Data Sources: A systematic literature search was conducted in the EMBASE, Medline (PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PsychINFO databases until December 2023, resulting in the identification of 2850 potentially eligible articles.

Ophthalmology Examinations in Children With Skull Fractures and Underlying Focal Hemorrhage.

Objectives: To assess the frequency and yield of retinal examination in children below 2 years old undergoing abuse evaluations in the setting of skull fracture(s) and small underlying intracranial hemorrhage.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used CAPNET, a multicenter child physical abuse network, to identify children below 2 years with a skull fracture(s) and intracranial injury limited to an underlying small focal intracranial hemorrhage undergoing subspeciality child abuse evaluations. Our outcomes of interest were (1) the performance of a retinal examination, (2) the identification of retinal hemorrhages, and (3) associations of clinical factors and CAPNET site with the performance of retinal examinations.

Why Antiholins? Thermodynamic and Kinetic Arguments to Explain the Robustness of Bacteriophage Cell Lysis.

Cell lysis is one of the most common biological processes in which viruses infect and destroy bacterial cells. It is accomplished by viruses stimulating cell hosts to produce holin proteins that assemble in cellular membranes and break them at specific times. One of the most surprising observations in cell lysis is that antiholin proteins that inhibit membrane permeabilization are also produced.

Impact of Donor Age and Donor Cytomegalovirus Serostatus on Outcomes After Related Donor Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection post-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. While letermovir prophylaxis is available for CMV-seropositive recipients, optimal donor selection for CMV-seronegative recipients remains unclear, with donor age often prioritized over CMV serostatus. We investigated the relative impact of donor age and CMV serostatus in CMV-seronegative recipients (n = 1013) with either CMV-seropositive (n = 318) or CMV-seronegative donors (n = 695), who underwent HCT with HLA-matched sibling donors with calcineurin inhibitor-based or post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, or haploidentical donors with PTCy.

Metabolic landscape in bladder cancer.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines the existing literature on metabolic pathways associated with bladder cancer (BC) and investigates four domains: (1) diagnoses, (2) cancer classification (staging & grading), (3) tracking, and (4) treatment.

Recent Findings: A systematic search of relevant databases identified studies meeting predefined inclusion criteria. A diverse array of metabolic pathways was found to hold significant biological and clinical relevance to BC, with particular emphasis on amino acid (AA), lipid, nucleic acid (NA), and bioenergetic pathways.

Demonstration of Intermolecular Triplet-Singlet FRET in Dye-Doped PVA Films at Room Temperature.

We report the first observation of triplet-singlet resonance energy transfer at room temperature without involving the intersystem crossing process. Triplet (T) to singlet (S) Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been measured at room temperature with a long-wavelength direct donor's triplet-state excitation. The donor coumarin 106 (C106D) and acceptor rhodamine 101 (R101A) were embedded in thin poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction.

Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a prevalent and multifaceted condition affecting women's sexual well-being. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) compared to a validated sham control in the treatment of FSD.

Methods: We conducted a single-center randomized controlled trial.

Do child and household regulation moderate the bidirectional relation between harsh parenting and externalizing problems in the transition to adolescence?

The present study examined several distinct indicators of regulation (i.e., task-based executive function, surveyed child effortful control, and surveyed household chaos) as moderators of longitudinal bidirectional links between developmental changes in harsh parenting (HP) and child externalizing behaviors (EXT) from age 9 to 14 years.

Video-assessment of Surgical Performance in Robotic Gastro-enterostomy During Pancreatoduodenectomy: Evaluating the Learning Curve and Risk of Delayed Gastric Emptying.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify learning curves for robotic gastro-enterostomy (RGE) during RPD and the predictive value of the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) score for DGE according to the Birkmeyer et al and UPMC method.

Summary Of Background Data: In some series, robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) has been associated with increased risk of delayed gastric emptying (DGE). It is unclear whether this is attributable to learning curve.

Cultural Adaptation of an mHealth Intervention for Diabetes Self-Management: An Ecological Validity Model Approach.

Introduction: It is essential to adapt mobile health (mHealth) interventions to cultural contexts of target populations to enhance acceptance and effectiveness. This paper describes the translation and cultural adaptation process of an mHealth intervention to educate and support diabetes self-management among U.S.

Synthetic Versus Biologic Mesh for Complex Open Ventral Hernia Repair: 3-Year Follow-Up of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Biologic mesh is often used in complex hernia repair, but there has been limited clinical evidence to date to support this practice. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes of biologic versus synthetic mesh for complex open ventral hernia repair (OVHR) at 3 years.

Methods: Patients from a single center, randomized, controlled, pilot trial comparing biologic versus synthetic mesh in complex OVHR were followed for 3 years.

Plasma Cell-Rich Lymphoid Neoplasm in an Endocervical Polyp of the Uterine Cervix in a Perimenopausal 52-Year-Old Woman.

Background: The adaptive immune system consists of T and B lymphocytes, with some B lymphocytes further differentiating into plasma cells that secrete antibodies and make up the humoral immune system. Extramedullary plasmacytoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and plasmablastic lymphoma are all plasma cell-rich lymphoid neoplasms that rarely present in the female genital tract. To date, few case reports of these malignancies arising within the uterine cervix exist.

An Unusual Presentation of Subcutaneous Inguinal Hematoma Mimicking Ovarian Torsion: A Case Report.

Background: Ovarian or adnexal torsions occur when an ovary rotates around one of the supporting ligaments, often the infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament. This rotation can cause the blood flow to the ovary to be hindered, and this decrease in perfusion can often present as adnexal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A significant risk factor for developing an ovarian torsion is the presence of an ovarian mass, such as a cyst.

Basic science review of transcutaneous osseointegration: current status, research gaps and needs, and defining future directions.

Basic science research is vital for advancing the emerging field of bone-anchored limb replacement (BALR), or osseointegration (OI). This article discusses clinical challenges for BALR/OI, summarizes current basic science research regarding those challenges, identifies research gaps, and proposes future directions. OI research draws from related fields such as orthopaedic implants and dentistry.

Pathogenic variants in and genes associated with female breast and ovarian cancer in the Mexican population.

Breast and ovarian cancers are significant global health challenges, with inherited variations in breast cancer gene 1 () and breast cancer gene 2 () substantially increasing the risk, aggressiveness, and early onset of these diseases. This work aimed to examine pathogenic variants (PVs) in and databases that include Mexican populations. A systematic review of literature and data mining spanning from 2002 to 2023 was conducted.

Composite Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma With Ganglioneuroma: A Dual-Center Clinical Experience.

Context: Cells derived from neural crest populate several organs. A particular precursor cell, sympathogonia, gives rise to pheochromoblasts and neuroblasts. Due to common origin, tumors originating from pheochromoblasts, such as pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL), may rarely coexist with ganglioneuroma (GN).

Opportunities to encourage adoption of a biomarker-enabled care pathway for Alzheimer's in primary care.

Unlabelled: Identification of early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a challenge due to limited specialist availability, diagnostic access, disease awareness, and cultural factors. Blood-based biomarkers (BBBM) could play a critical role in the identification and referral of patients suspected of AD to specialty care. A multidisciplinary AD Biomarker Task Force was convened to evaluate current biomarker use cases, define an optimal biomarker-enabled AD diagnostic care pathway, and understand factors impacting adoption.

Visible light polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography with balanced detection.

Significance: We introduce a visible-light polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system that operates in the spectral domain with balanced detection (BD) capability. While the BD improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the use of shorter wavelengths improves spatial resolution and birefringence sensitivity.

Aim: We aim to implement a new optical design, characterize its performance, and investigate the imaging potential for biological tissues.

Abnormality-aware multimodal learning for WSI classification.

Whole slide images (WSIs) play a vital role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, their gigapixel resolution, lack of pixel-level annotations, and reliance on unimodal visual data present challenges for accurate and efficient computational analysis. Existing methods typically divide WSIs into thousands of patches, which increases computational demands and makes it challenging to effectively focus on diagnostically relevant regions.

Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Bile Duct: A Case Report.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are a prevalent subtype of pancreatic cystic lesions, especially among individuals with liver cirrhosis. Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNBs) differ in histopathology based on the location and cellular variability in each location. Intrahepatic IPNBs are less aggressive than the extrahepatic variant, highlighting its heterogeneity and complexity.

Advancing Understanding and Therapeutic Strategies for NUT Sarcomas: Comprehensive Review of the Literature and Two Cases.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a group of rare cancers, among which nuclear protein in testis (NUT) sarcomas represent an ultra-rare subset driven by gene fusions. This article presents two unique cases of NUT sarcomas and conducts a comprehensive review of the literature to include an additional 61 cases. Our review reveals that NUT sarcoma exhibits a slightly higher incidence among women (male-to-female ratio of 1:1.