Occupational exposures and age-related cataract: A review.

Occupational exposures comprise of a broad range of factors in constant and direct contact with the ocular surface. Cataract, a leading cause of visual impairment globally, has been associated with various occupational exposures. This review critically examines existing literature on the relationship between occupational exposures and cataract development.

Relations between Distress Tolerance and Psychosocial Variables in Adults Experiencing Homelessness.

Background: Distress Tolerance (DT) is a transdiagnostic factor that may help better understand vulnerability to mental health problems. This study explores DT among recently incarcerated adults experiencing homelessness (RIHAs).

Methods: Participants (298) were recruited from an ongoing clinical trial at a homeless shelter in Texas.

Long term outcomes associated with the use of perioperative systemic chemotherapy on low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with pseudomyxoma peritonei treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Introduction: Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) are indolent tumors that lack invasive potential but may present as pseudomyxoma peritonei. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) significantly improves both overall and recurrence free survival. While systemic chemotherapy is generally considered ineffective for LAMN, little literature is available to support this notion.

Maintenance of Genetic Diversity Despite Population Fluctuations in the Lesser Prairie-Chicken ().

Assessments of genetic diversity, structure, history, and effective population size ( ) are critical for the conservation of imperiled populations. The lesser prairie-chicken () has experienced declines due to habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation in addition to substantial population fluctuations with unknown effects on genetic diversity. Our objectives were to: (i) compare genetic diversity across three temporally discrete sampling periods (2002, 2007-2010, and 2013-2014) that are characterized by low or high population abundance; (ii) examine genetic diversity at lek and lek cluster spatial scales; (ii) identify potential bottlenecks and characterize genetic structure and relatedness; and (iii) estimate the regional .

Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: Probing the transient and time-variable sky.

The study of transient and variable events, including novae, active galactic nuclei, and black hole binaries, has historically been a fruitful path for elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms of our universe. The study of such events in the millimeter and submillimeter is, however, still in its infancy. Submillimeter observations probe a variety of materials, such as optically thick dust, which are hard to study in other wavelengths.

Review of Statistical Considerations and Data Imputation Methodologies in Psoriasis Clinical Trials.

Numerous clinical trials have established that various biologic and oral small-molecule therapies are efficacious in patients with psoriasis. However, as there are limited head-to-head trials, healthcare providers may compare results across multiple trials when providing treatment recommendations. Direct comparisons among agents are challenging because psoriasis trials differ in terms of study design, patient population, and data analysis methodologies.

Dominant Occipital Sinus: A Rare Anatomical Variant With Potentially Catastrophic Consequences if Unrecognized Preoperatively.

The occipital sinus is often thought of as a redundant vestigial structure in adults. However, in rare cases, it can form the dominant route of intracerebral venous drainage, with a risk of significant surgical morbidity if unrecognised. We present an illustrative case describing this anatomical variant and tailoring of a midline suboccipital craniotomy to allow resection of a fourth ventricular epidermoid tumour with preservation of a dominant occipital sinus, and a review of the published literature.

Childhood executive control and adolescent substance use: Mediation via parent-child relationship quality.

Objective: The goal of the current study was to test prospective direct and indirect associations between preschool executive control (EC), parental affective quality and harsh discipline, and adolescent substance use (e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol) while accounting for participants' age, sex, family history of substance use, and family socioeconomic status.

Method: Participants were 313 youth (49% boys; 70.9% European American) and their parents who participated in a longitudinal cohort-sequential study on the development of EC in preschool and its associations with subsequent health outcomes.

Aggregation-induced emission in novel multilayered 3D polymers: development of a fluorescent probe for selective metal ion detection.

This study presents the characterization of a novel multilayered three-dimensional (3D) polymer exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties when excited at a low wavelength of 280 nm. Utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the polymer displays a marked enhancement in luminescence upon aggregation, a characteristic behavior that distinguishes AIE-active materials from conventional fluorophores. Furthermore, we explore the potential application of this multilayered 3D polymer as a fluorescent probe for the selective detection of specified metal ions.

Biocompatible EDOT-Pyrrole Conjugated Conductive Polymer Coating for Augmenting Cell Attachment, Activity, and Differentiation.

Developing scaffolds supporting functional cell attachment and tissue growth is critical in basic cell research, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine approaches. Though poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and its derivatives are attractive for hydrogels and scaffold fabrication, they often require bioactive modifications due to their bioinert nature. In this work, biomimetic synthesized conductive polypyrrole-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) copolymer doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PPy-PEDOT:PSS) was used as a biocompatible coating for poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel to support neuronal and muscle cells' attachment, activity, and differentiation.

Age- and sex-specific care cascades to detect gaps in the care of children with tuberculosis in Bangladesh: a cohort study.

Background: Programmatic interventions to increase the detection of children with tuberculosis (TB) are rarely evaluated to understand age- and sex-specific completion rates. We applied modified TB screening and treatment cascade frameworks to assess indicators of effective implementation by age and sex of a TB screening program for children (zero to 14 years) in Bangladesh.

Methods: We implemented an intensified screening program for paediatric TB detection in 119 health care facilities (2018-21).

Convergent evolution and predictability of gene copy numbers associated with diets in mammals.

Convergent evolution, the evolution of the same or similar phenotypes in phylogenetically independent lineages, is a widespread phenomenon in nature. If the genetic basis for convergent evolution is predictable to some extent, it may be possible to infer organismic phenotypes and the capability of organisms to utilize new ecological resources based on genome sequence data. While repeated amino acid changes have been studied in association with convergent evolution, relatively little is known about the potential contribution of repeated gene copy number changes.

Addressing Health-Related Social Needs During COVID-19 Through a Hospital-Based, Community Health Worker Program: A Case Study.

. Despite accounting for 34% of the population in Austin, Texas, Latinx individuals made up 50% of those who tested positive for coronavirus, 54% of COVID-related hospitalizations, and 51% of COVID-related deaths between March and June 2020. Of hospitalized Latinx patients, 40% had never seen a primary care provider and many had undiagnosed health conditions.

Joint fluid multi-omics improves diagnostic confidence during evaluation of children with presumed septic arthritis.

Background: An accurate diagnosis of septic versus reactive or autoimmune arthritis remains clinically challenging. A multi-omics strategy comprising metagenomic and proteomic technologies were undertaken for children diagnosed with presumed septic arthritis to advance clinical diagnoses and care for affected individuals.

Methods: Twelve children with suspected septic arthritis were prospectively enrolled to compare standard of care tests with a rapid multi-omics approach.

Real-world use of tafasitamab preceding CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Potential CD19 antigen loss following CD19-directed therapy has raised concerns over sequential use of these therapies. Tafasitamab, a CD19-targeting immunotherapy, combined with lenalidomide, is approved for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) treatment in adults ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. This retrospective analysis examined characteristics and outcomes of adults with R/R DLBCL who received tafasitamab preceding CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in a real-world setting.

Effects of movement behaviors on preschoolers' cognition: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Movement behaviors, including physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep, are fundamental to early childhood development. These behaviors interact dynamically within a 24-hour period, creating a complex balance that influences not only physical health but also cognitive and emotional well-being in young children. While the physical health benefits of movement behaviors are well-documented, systematic evaluations of how interventions targeting these behaviors affect cognitive development in preschool-aged children remain limited.

Histopathology of the tongue in a hamster model of COVID-19.

Objective: With altered sense of taste being a common symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the main objective was to investigate the presence and distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the tongue over the course of infection.

Methods: Golden Syrian hamsters were inoculated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 and tongues were collected at 2, 3, 5, 8, 17, 21, 35, and 42 days post-infection (dpi) for analysis. In order to test for gross changes in the tongue, the papillae of the tongue were counted.

The effectiveness of providing training and ongoing support to foster cultural humility in volunteers serving as mentors to youth of color: a mixed-methods study protocol.

Background: The aim of this randomized control trial is to test the impact of providing additional training and support to volunteers who are paired with youth of color in the Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) community-based mentoring program. The aim of the intervention activities is to enhance the capacity of mentors to have more culturally responsive and informed interactions with their mentees of color, thereby strengthening the youth's ethnic/racial identity and abilities to both cope with experiences of racism and contribute to causes that advance social justice.

Methods: Recruitment started in June 2022, with a goal of enrolling 240 dyads (i.

Neonatal indicator data in Tanzania District Health Information System: evaluation of availability and quality of selected newborn indicators, 2015-2022.

Background: The Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) indicators are essential in monitoring neonatal healthcare coverage and quality. The District Health Information System (DHIS2), an open-source platform in over 80 countries, supports health data collection and analysis, enabling progress tracking at national and subnational levels. This study evaluates the availability and quality of maternal and newborn health indicators, explicitly focusing on ENAP indicators within Tanzania's DHIS2.

Caring for a patient with appendiceal cancer.

Appendiceal cancer (AC) is a rare malignancy, occurring in 1 to 2 individuals per million annually in the US. It is often diagnosed incidentally during appendectomies or imaging for unrelated conditions. This article explores the risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, pathology, staging, and treatment options for AC, highlighting disparities in access to care across different demographics.

Using Classifiers To Predict Catalyst Design for Polyketone Microstructure.

We applied a classifier method to predict palladium catalysts for the formation of nonalternating polyketones via the copolymerization of CO and ethylene; current examples are limited to using phosphine sulfonate and diphosphazane monoxide supporting ligands. With the reported workflow, we discovered two new classes of palladium complexes capable of achieving the synthesis of nonalternating polyketones with a lower CO content than those made by known palladium catalysts. Our results show that we doubled the number of classes of palladium compounds that can catalyze the formation of this type of polymer.

Evaluating the risk of extrusion with laser-activated irrigation techniques in root canal systems: a cadaver-based study.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence and volume of contrast medium extrusion when activated with a laser and to compare these outcomes with those of other irrigation techniques.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen cadaver mandibles containing 116 single-rooted teeth were prepared using conventional rotary instrumentation. The teeth were randomly assigned to four irrigation groups: side-vented needle, sonic irrigation, laser activation at the orifice, and laser activation at the middle third of the canal.

Altered olfactory responses in Fmr1 KO mice.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder oftentimes associated with abnormal social behaviors and altered sensory responsiveness. It is hypothesized that the inappropriate filtering of sensory stimuli, including olfaction, can lead to aberrant social behavior in FXS. However, previous studies investigating olfaction in animal models of FXS have shown inconsistent results.