Does one unit really matter? Immunological effects of transfusion after universal leucodepletion.

Patients with cancer who receive allogeneic red blood cell transfusions are at risk of adverse reactions of varying severity. One of these reactions is immunomodulation, also known as transfusion-related immunomodulation. With the exact mechanism of transfusion related immunomodulation being unclear, storage lesions (both the cellular and cytokine component) are considered a major contributor.

Postpartum hemorrhage assessment and targeted treatment.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, and mitigating it is a global health priority. In this review, we discuss the measurement, assessment, and treatment of PPH. We review different methods of quantifying blood loss, including gravimetry, calibrated drapes and canisters, and colorimetric techniques.

The miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Transcriptomic Analysis From GEO.

Background: Bioinformatics analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expression profiles can aid in understanding its molecular mechanisms and identifying new targets for diagnosis and treatment.

Aim: In this study, we analyzed expression profile datasets and miRNA expression profiles related to HCC from the GEO using R software to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs).

Methods And Results: Common DEGs were identified, and a PPI network was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software to identify hub genes.

Incidence of fall-from-height injuries and predictive factors for severity.

Context: The injuries caused by falls-from-height (FFH) are a significant public health concern. FFH is one of the most common causes of polytrauma. The injuries persist to be significant adverse events and a challenge regarding injury severity assessment to identify patients at high risk upon admission.

Refinement of a Published Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Impacting HDL-Cholesterol: Role of Sex and Lipoprotein Subfractions.

Large-scale gene-environment interaction (GxE) discovery efforts often involve analytical compromises for the sake of data harmonization and statistical power. Refinement of exposures, covariates, outcomes, and population subsets may be helpful to establish often-elusive replication and evaluate potential clinical utility. Here, we used additional datasets, an expanded set of statistical models, and interrogation of lipoprotein metabolism via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based lipoprotein subfractions to refine a previously discovered GxE modifying the relationship between physical activity (PA) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C).

Viral infection, APOBEC3 dysregulation, and cancer.

Viral infection plays a significant role in the development and progression of many cancers. Certain viruses, such as Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), are well-known for their oncogenic potential. These viruses can dysregulate specific molecular and cellular processes through complex interactions with host cellular mechanisms.

Prevalence, patterns, and predictors of prescribing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in the Inpatient setting.

Background: There are many barriers to prescribing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). This study evaluates the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of inpatient MOUD prescribing at discharge to patients with a diagnosis of opioid use/opioid use disorder (OUD) that developed opioid withdrawal during their hospital stay.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study occurred at three hospitals in Arizona.

Successful Management of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Lutetium-177: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a hematological disorder characterized by the abnormal activation of the coagulation system, which leads to widespread clotting and subsequent consumption coagulopathy. DIC is often associated with the progression of prostate cancer and can be a life-threatening condition. In this case report, we present a patient with recurrent DIC in the setting of advanced prostate cancer.

A Whodunnit: Anterior ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Patient Found to Have Apparent Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, Left Anterior Descending Artery Disease, and Myocardial Bridging.

We present a case of a 52-year-old male with no known past medical history who presented to an outside hospital with acute chest pain. Initial workup revealed anteroseptal ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) for which the patient was transferred to our facility for emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the patient's hospital course revealed numerous confounding pathologies that can also present as STEMI, including transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) abnormalities consistent with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) as well as myocardial bridging presenting as post-PCI STEMI in the setting of nitroglycerin use.

Benchmarking lung cancer screening programmes with adaptive screening frequency against the optimal screening schedules derived from the ENGAGE framework: a comparative microsimulation study.

Background: Lung cancer screening recommendations employ annual frequency for eligible individuals, despite evidence that it may not be universally optimal. The impact of imposing a structure on the screening frequency remains unknown. The ENGAGE framework, a validated framework that offers fully dynamic, analytically optimal, personalised lung cancer screening recommendations, could be used to assess the impact of screening structure on the effectiveness and efficiency of lung cancer screening.

The role of zinc in the premature brain: functions, outcomes and future research perspectives.

Zinc (Zn) is one of the most prevalent and essential micronutrients, found in 10% of all human proteins and involved in numerous cellular enzymatic pathways. Zn is important in the neonatal brain, due to its involvement in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and neural signaling. It acts as a neuronal modulator and is highly concentrated in certain brain regions, such as the hippocampus, and the retina.

Constructing age-structured matrix population models for all fishes.

Matrix population models are essential tools in conservation biology, offering key metrics to guide species management and conservation planning. However, the development of these models is often limited by insufficient life history data, particularly for non-charismatic species. This study addresses this gap by using life history data from FishBase and the FishLife R package, complemented by size-dependent natural mortality estimates, to parameterize age-structured matrix population models applicable to most fish species.

Analysis of goal, feedback and rewards on sustained attention via machine learning.

Introduction: Sustaining attention is a notoriously difficult task as shown in a recent experiment where reaction times (RTs) and pupillometry data were recorded from 350 subjects in a 30-min vigilance task. Subjects were also presented with different types of goal, feedback, and reward.

Methods: In this study, we revisit this experimental data and solve three families of machine learning problems: (i) RT-regression problems, to predict subjects' RTs using all available data, (ii) RT-classification problems, to classify responses more broadly as attentive, semi-attentive, and inattentive, and (iii) to predict the subjects' experimental conditions from physiological data.

Syphilis infection prevalence in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can be prevented and effectively treated; yet it continues to be a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a limited understanding of the epidemiology of syphilis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Methods: A systematic review conducted up to April 30, 2024 assessed the prevalence of syphilis and followed PRISMA guidelines, without language and date restrictions.

Once daily Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of venous leg ulcers versus gel vehicle (placebo) and non-surgical standard of care: a three-arm multicenter, double blinded, randomized controlled study.

Background: Debridement is considered the first step in treatment of chronic wounds, however, current enzymatic and autolytic debridement agents are slow or ineffective. Previous studies have shown positive initial results with EscharEx® (EX-02 formulation), a Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement agent in development for chronic wounds. The main objective of this study was to assess its efficacy in debriding venous leg ulcers (VLU), compared to gel vehicle (GV) as a placebo control and to non-surgical standard of care (NSSOC).

Transforming grayscale MRI images to color utilizing generative artificial intelligence to better understand multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) falls within the spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases that may lead to permanent neurological disability. Fundamental to the diagnosis and clinical surveillance is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allows for the identification of T2-hyperintensities associated with autoimmune injury that demonstrate distinct spatial distribution patterns. Here, we describe the clinical experience of a 31-year-old, right-handed, White man seen in consultation at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, following complaints of headaches that began after head trauma related to military service.

Facilitator development for pre-registration health professions simulation: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The growing demand for health professional education intensifies the need for learning innovations such as simulation: facilitating predictable, realistic, experiential learning that prepares students for practice. To achieve this, facilitators must provide pedagogically sound, psychologically safe simulation. High-quality simulation enhances students' self-efficacy, critical thinking, and clinical reasoning.

The impact of oral contraceptive pill use on sympathetic transduction at rest in young females.

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Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 () associated retinal degeneration: an international study.

Introduction: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 () is an X-linked gene critical for nucleotide metabolism. Pathogenic variants cause three overlapping phenotypes: Arts syndrome (severe neurological disease), Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 5 [CMTX5] (peripheral neuropathy), and non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Each may be associated with retinal dystrophy.

The prevalence and consequences of support for off-label Ozempic prescriptions.

Ozempic and related semaglutide drugs represent a popular new strategy to address obesity in the United States, yet uptake of these medications has sparked opposition highlighting concerns about off-label drug use policies, drug safety, supply shortages and cost. Public attitudes towards off-label prescribing by physicians broadly, and towards Ozempic in particular, in light of this opposition are unclear. To better understand public sentiment on this topic, we analysed data from a representative survey of 3,420 US adults conducted from 13 to 22 June 2023.

Machine perfusion organ preservation: Highlights from the American transplant congress 2024.

The American Transplant Congress (ATC) 2024, held in Philadelphia, serves as a vital platform for unveiling new research and clinical experience in organ machine perfusion-a key area in organ transplantation. This year's congress gathered 4652 participants from 49 countries, including top experts, to spotlight innovations in machine perfusion across various organ types, such as the liver, kidney, heart, and lung. A total of 87 abstracts on organ machine perfusion were presented.

A Maternal Loss-of-Function Variant in KHDC3L Gene Causes a Range of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Case Report.

Background: The KHDC3L gene encodes a component of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC). Biallelic mutations in this gene cause 5%-10% of biparental hydatidiform moles (BiHM), and a few maternal deletions in KHDC3L have been identified in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).

Method: In this study, we had a patient with a history of 10 pregnancy or neonatal losses, including spontaneous abortions, neonatal deaths, and molar pregnancy.

Control of Two Solid Electrolyte Interphases at the Negative Electrode of an Anode-Free All Solid-State Battery based on Argyrodite Electrolyte.

Anode-free all solid-state batteries (AF-ASSBs) employ "empty" current collector with three active interfaces that determine electrochemical stability; lithium metal - Solid electrolyte (SE) interphase (SEI-1), lithium - current collector interface, and collector - SE interphase (SEI-2). Argyrodite LiPSCl (LPSCl) solid electrolyte (SE) displays SEI-2 containing copper sulfides, formed even at open circuit. Bilayer of 140 nm magnesium/30 nm tungsten (Mg/W-Cu) controls the three interfaces and allows for state-of-the-art electrochemical performance in half-cells and fullcells.