Scoring of swine lung images: a comparison between a computer vision system and human evaluators.

Cranioventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) is a common lesion observed in the lungs of slaughtered pigs, often associated with Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae infection. There is a need to implement simple, fast, and valid CVPC scoring methods.

Echocardiographic phenotypes of diabetic myocardial disorder: evolution over 15 months follow-up in the ARISE-HF trial.

Background: Diabetic myocardial disorder (DbMD, evidenced by abnormal echocardiography or cardiac biomarkers) is a form of stage B heart failure (SBHF) at high risk for progression to overt HF. SBHF is defined by abnormal LV morphology and function and/or abnormal cardiac biomarker concentrations.

Objective: To compare the evolution of four DbMD groups based on biomarkers alone, systolic and diastolic dysfunction alone, or their combination.

NADH-bound AIF activates the mitochondrial CHCHD4/MIA40 chaperone by a substrate-mimicry mechanism.

Mitochondrial metabolism requires the chaperoned import of disulfide-stabilized proteins via CHCHD4/MIA40 and its enigmatic interaction with oxidoreductase Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). By crystallizing human CHCHD4's AIF-interaction domain with an activated AIF dimer, we uncover how NADH allosterically configures AIF to anchor CHCHD4's β-hairpin and histidine-helix motifs to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The structure further reveals a similarity between the AIF-interaction domain and recognition sequences of CHCHD4 substrates.

Glycogen synthase GYS1 overactivation contributes to glycogen insolubility and malto-oligoglucan-associated neurodegenerative disease.

Polyglucosans are glycogen molecules with overlong chains, which are hyperphosphorylated in the neurodegenerative Lafora disease (LD). Brain polyglucosan bodies (PBs) cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases including Lafora disease and adult polyglucosan body disease (ABPD), for which treatments, biomarkers, and good understanding of their pathogenesis are currently missing. Mutations in the genes for the phosphatase laforin or the E3 ubiquitin ligase malin can cause LD.

Antisense mediated blockade of Dickkopf 1 attenuates tumor survival, metastases and bone damage in experimental osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy. The canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) has been implicated in bone destruction, tumor survival and metastases during OS. We examined the role of Dkk-1 in OS disease progression and explored strategies for targeting its activity.

Poorer Treatment Response in Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis Patients With Obesity: A Retrospective Study.

An association between confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CARP) and obesity has been reported; however, the relationship between CARP treatment response and obesity remains unknown. A retrospective chart review was performed of 92 pediatric patients diagnosed and treated for CARP during a 7-year period at a single institution. Twenty-three non-obese patients responded to therapy at a higher rate compared to 69 obese patients (100% vs.

Health Literacy Curricula in Pediatric Residency Programs: A National Survey.

Objective: Using health literacy informed communication strategies can mitigate health inequities. Despite the high prevalence of limited health literacy among parents and children, pediatricians infrequently use clear communication techniques and further education is imperative. There is minimal literature exploring health literacy curricula in pediatric residencies.

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma/High Grade B-Cell Lymphoma with MYC and BCL6 Rearrangements: a study of 60 Cases.

Classification of cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)/high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL) with MYC and BCL6 rearrangements, also known as BCL6 double hit lymphoma (DHL), is controversial. We assessed 60 cases of BCL6-DHL and compared this cohort to 224 cases of DHL with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (BCL2-DHL) and 217 cases of DLBCL not otherwise specified. Compared with the DLBCL cohort, BCL6-DHL patients had more aggressive clinical features such as frequent extranodal involvement, high-stage disease, high IPI score and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level (p <0.

Placebo nonresponders: An experimental investigation on their unreliability over time.

In order to disentangle the effects of drugs from placebo responses, several approaches have been used, such as a placebo run-in phase in which only placebo nonresponders, or poor responders, are considered for further randomization to either placebo or active treatment. This study is aimed at investigating the variability of placebo nonresponders obtained through the classical placebo run-in paradigm (group RUN) and through mismatch conditioning (group MIS), as done in our previous study. To do this, we simulated a real clinical trial in the laboratory, in which the placebo responders of both groups were discarded and the remaining nonresponders of both groups RUN and MIS were randomized to either continuing on placebo (groups RUN-P and MIS-P, respectively) or receiving topical 0.

Oral obeldesivir provides postexposure protection against Marburg virus in nonhuman primates.

The recent outbreak of Marburg virus (MARV) in Rwanda underscores the need for effective countermeasures against this highly fatal pathogen, with case fatality rates reaching 90%. Currently, no vaccines or approved treatments exist for MARV infection, distinguishing it from related viruses like Ebola. Our research demonstrates that the oral drug obeldesivir (ODV), a nucleoside analog prodrug, shows promising antiviral activity against filoviruses in vitro and offers significant protection in animal models.

Worldwide Policy, Surveillance, and Research on Physical Education and School-Based Physical Activity: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) Conceptual Framework and Research Protocol.

Introduction: The Global Observatory for Physical Education (GoPE!) builds on the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) to address gaps in surveillance, policy, and research on physical education (PE) and activity (PA). GoPE! is a worldwide surveillance system of quality PE and school-based PA that informs policy and interventions and allows comparative analysis so that each country and region can check their status and progress. This paper presents GoPE!'s conceptual framework and describes the research protocol as a cross-continental and evidence-based surveillance system.

Personalized μ-transcranial alternating current stimulation improves online brain-computer interface control.

Objective: A motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) enables users to engage with external environments by capturing and decoding electroencephalography (EEG) signals associated with the imagined movement of specific limbs. Despite significant advancements in BCI technologies over the past 40 years, a notable challenge remains: many users lack BCI proficiency, unable to produce sufficiently distinct and reliable MI brain patterns, hence leading to low classification rates in their BCIs. The objective of this study is to enhance the online performance of MI-BCIs in a personalized, biomarker-driven approach using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

Work-related Fatigue: Relationship between Perceived and Performance Fatigability in Career Firefighters.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the relationship between perceived work-related fatigue and performance fatigability, and 2) assess the impact of percent body fat (%BF) on perceived fatigue constructs in career firefighters.

Methods: Thirty-nine career firefighters completed body composition testing, the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER15) scale assessing three subscales of work-related fatigue (acute fatigue, chronic fatigue, and inter-shift recovery), and maximal leg extensor isometric strength testing prior to and following an isotonic fatiguing protocol.

Results: Performance fatigability was not associated with any of the OFER15 perceived work-related fatigue variables (P ≥ 0.

Transforming Detrimental Crystalline Zinc Hydroxide Sulfate to Homogeneous Fluorinated Amorphous Solid-Electrolyte Interphase on Zinc Anode.

The formation of non-ion conducting byproducts on zinc anode is notoriously detrimental to aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, we successfully transform a representative detrimental byproduct, crystalline zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS) to fast-ion conducting solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) via amorphization and fluorination induced by suspending CaF nanoparticles in dilute sulfate electrolytes. Distinct from widely reported nonhomogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid SEIs that exhibit structural and chemical instability, the designed single-phase SEI is homogeneous, mechanically robust, and chemically stable.

Estimating the Exposure-Response Relationship between Fine Mineral Dust Concentration and Coccidioidomycosis Incidence Using Speciated Particulate Matter Data: A Longitudinal Surveillance Study.

Background: Coccidioidomycosis, caused by inhalation of spp. spores, is an emerging infectious disease that is increasing in incidence throughout the southwestern US. The pathogen is soil-dwelling, and spore dispersal and human exposure are thought to co-occur with airborne mineral dust exposures, yet fundamental exposure-response relationships have not been conclusively estimated.

Rapid changes in plasma corticosterone and medial amygdala transcriptome profiles during social status change reveal molecular pathways associated with a major life history transition in mouse dominance hierarchies.

Social hierarchies are a common form of social organization across species. Although hierarchies are largely stable across time, animals may socially ascend or descend within hierarchies depending on environmental and social challenges. Here, we develop a novel paradigm to study social ascent and descent within male CD-1 mouse social hierarchies.

Organoboron-Functionalized Metal-organic Nanosheets for Highly Efficient CO2 Fixation Mediated by Frustrated Lewis Pairs.

Converting CO2 to high-value fine chemicals represents one of the most promising approaches to combat global warming and subsequently achieve a sustainable carbon cycle. Herein, we contribute an organoboron functionalized ultra-thin metal-organic nanosheet (MON), termed TCPB-Zr-NS, featuring an abundance of exposed Lewis acidic B and formate sites, which can effectively promote CO2 conversion upon the addition of Lewis basic o-phenylenediamines. Compared with the prototypical 3D analogue TCPB-Zr-3D, the resultant TCPB-Zr-NS showcases dramatically improved catalytic activity for the cyclization of o-phenylenediamine as a result of the highly exposed active sites and efficient substrates/products diffusion.

Fever in the Trauma Bay: A Marker for Greater Risk of Adverse Outcomes.

Previous work identified a sub-group of trauma patients at risk for bacteremia who presented with signs of infection, including fever. A majority were older adult falls who had early onset bacteremia. Fever in the trauma bay is associated with a greater risk of adverse outcomes and identifies patients who might benefit from early initiation of interventions for sepsis.

Long-term climate establishes functional legacies by altering microbial traits.

Long-term climate history can influence rates of soil carbon cycling but the microbial traits underlying these legacy effects are not well understood. Legacies may result if historical climate differences alter the traits of soil microbial communities, particularly those associated with carbon cycling and stress tolerance. However, it is also possible that contemporary conditions can overcome the influence of historical climate, particularly under extreme conditions.

Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use and Cardiovascular Outcomes From Cross Cohort Collaboration.

Importance: Cardiovascular health outcomes associated with noncigarette tobacco products (cigar, pipe, and smokeless tobacco) remain unclear, yet such data are required for evidence-based regulation.

Objective: To investigate the association of noncigarette tobacco products with cardiovascular health outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted within the Cross Cohort Collaboration Tobacco Working Group by harmonizing tobacco-related data and conducting a pooled analysis from 15 US-based prospective cohorts with data on the use of at least 1 noncigarette tobacco product ranging between 1948 and 2015.