A qualitative process evaluation of SBIRT implementation in pediatric trauma centers using the Science to Service Laboratory implementation strategy.

Background: Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based practice that can identify adolescents who use alcohol and other drugs and support proper referral to treatment. Despite an American College of Surgeons mandate to deliver SBIRT in pediatric trauma care, trauma centers throughout the United States have faced numerous patient, provider, and organizational level barriers to SBIRT implementation. The Implementing Alcohol Misuse Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Study (IAMSBIRT) aimed to implement SBIRT across 10 pediatric trauma centers using the Science-to-Service Laboratory (SSL), an empirically supported implementation strategy.

Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis reveals turnip mosaic virus infection and its aphid vector Myzus persicae cause large changes in gene regulatory networks and co-transcription of alternative spliced mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Background: Virus infection and herbivory can alter the expression of stress-responsive genes in plants. This study employed high-throughput transcriptomic and alternative splicing analysis to understand the separate and combined impacts on host gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana by Myzus persicae (green peach aphid), and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV).

Results: By investigating changes in transcript abundance, the data shows that aphids feeding on virus infected plants intensify the number of differentially expressed stress responsive genes compared to challenge by individual stressors.

Genomic biomarkers of survival in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer undergoing intensified androgen deprivation therapy.

Introduction: Androgen deprivation therapy intensification (ADTi) with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI), docetaxel or both has been shown to improve survival outcomes in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Currently, baseline tumor genomic markers have no role in clinical decision-making in patients with mHSPC.

Methods: In this IRB-approved retrospective study, patients diagnosed with mHSPC who underwent comprehensive genomic profiling from primary tissue or metastatic sites and treated with ADTi were included.

Toward a biological definition of neuronal and glial synucleinopathies.

Cerebral accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates is the hallmark event in a group of neurodegenerative diseases-collectively called synucleinopathies-which include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Currently, these are diagnosed by their clinical symptoms and definitively confirmed postmortem by the presence of αSyn deposits in the brain. Here, we summarize the drawbacks of the current clinical definition of synucleinopathies and outline the rationale for moving toward an earlier, biology-anchored definition of these disorders, with or without the presence of clinical symptoms.

Neonatology fellow assessment and evaluation: embracing the word salad of CBME, EPAs, and milestones.

Neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellowship training aims to educate fellows and enable them to move into successful independent neonatal practice. To reach this goal, every fellow must acquire a wide range of clinical, scholarly, and professional skills that require assessment and evaluation by the fellowship program. The assessment and evaluation of fellow progression and promotion must rely on a rigorous educational framework.

Data-driven modeling of background radiation structure utilizing matrix profile in nuclear security.

The inherently stochastic nature of radiation emissions makes modeling background radiation structure a particularly challenging research area. In source identification scenarios, which are critical to nuclear security, the complexity of background radiation modeling is intensified by dynamically changing factors that influence radiation measurements. Consequently, accurately modeling and estimating background radiation can significantly improve our nuclear security capabilities by enhancing the detection of anomalies within radiation data.

Parallel median consensus clustering in complex networks.

We develop an algorithm that finds the consensus among many different clustering solutions of a graph. We formulate the problem as a median set partitioning problem and propose a greedy optimization technique. Unlike other approaches that find median set partitions, our algorithm takes graph structure into account and finds a comparable quality solution much faster than the other approaches.

Putting the prime in priming: Using prime processing behavior to predict target structural processing.

Structural priming effects are widespread and heavily relied upon to assess structural representation and processing. Whether these effects are caused by error-driven implicit learning, residual activation, a combination of these, or some other learning mechanism remains to be established. The current study used preexisting data and a novel data analysis approach that links processing at the prime to later processing at the target to better understand the nature of structural priming.

COVID-19 and influenza vaccine Hesitancy among adults hospitalized in the United States, 2019-2022.

Background: Understanding similarities and differences between hesitancy for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines could facilitate strategies to improve public receptivity toward vaccination.

Methods: We compared hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines during the first 13 months of availability (January 2021-January 2022) with hesitancy for influenza vaccines in the 15 months prior to COVID-19 vaccine availability (October 2019-December 2020) among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 21 hospitals in the United States. We interviewed patients regarding vaccination status, willingness to be vaccinated, and perceptions of vaccine safety and efficacy.

Quality Improvement Methodologies: An Application in Cardiac Anesthesiology.

Quality improvement (QI) in medicine serves as the cornerstone of best practices. It enhances medical care by maximizing safety and efficiency while minimizing errors and waste. For a QI initiative to succeed it requires careful strategizing and effective change management plans, including the application of established QI methodologies to ensure sustainable success.

The Minority Tax: Stories from Family Physicians.

The minority tax has been defined as a set of disparities that those who are underrepresented in medicine face in addition to clinical care, education, and research responsibilities. These taxes include systemic racism, diversity efforts, clinical and promotion disparities, lack of faculty development, and isolation. Much has been added to the literature to better define and characterize the minority tax and propose suggestions for mitigations.

Balloon-mounted versus self-expandable stent in failed neurothrombectomy: a post hoc analysis of the SAINT study.

Background: Previous studies have shown that when thrombectomy has failed, rescue intracranial stenting is associated with better clinical outcomes compared with failed reperfusion. However, comparative data regarding stent type are lacking.

Objective: To compare the procedural and clinical outcomes of balloon-mounted stents (BMS) with those of self-expandable stents (SES).

Comparative efficacy and safety of stent retrievers as a bailout strategy following failed contact aspiration technique in acute stroke thrombectomy.

Background: The contact aspiration (CA) technique is often used to perform endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, rescue strategies are necessary if CA fails to achieve recanalization. This study investigates the outcomes of incorporating stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy in the rescue strategy following failed CA.

Methods: EVT patients with failed CA attempts were identified from a large multicenter registry and stratified by rescue technique: CA alone or incorporating SR in the rescue strategy.

Comparative analysis of the physiological and transport functions of various sources of renal proximal tubule cells under static and fluidic conditions in PhysioMimix T12 platform.

In vitro models that can faithfully replicate critical aspects of kidney tubule function such as directional drug transport are in high demand in pharmacology and toxicology. Accordingly, development and validation of new models is underway. The objective of this study was to characterize physiologic and transport functions of various sources of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs).

Side-by-Side Comparison of the In Vivo Performance of [Pb]Pb-DOTAMTATE and Other SSTR2-Targeting Compounds.

There are numerous versions of octreotide and octreotate, including DOTAMTATE, DOTATATE, JR11, and lead-specific chelator (PSC)-PEG2-TOC. These peptides, which can be either analogs or antagonists, are used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging or targeted radionuclide therapy of neuroendocrine tumors that are positive for somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Despite their structural and targeting similarities, they have distinct properties and clinical uses.

Electrochemical Removal of Se(IV) from Wastewater Using RuO-Based Catalysts.

The removal of selenite (SeO) from water is challenging due to the risk of secondary pollutants. To address this, we developed RuO-based nanocatalysts on the titanium plate (RuO/TP) for direct electrochemical reduction of Se(IV) to elemental selenium [Se(0)]. Optimizing Sn doping in RuO nanoparticles to induce charge redistribution enabled the RuSnO/TP catalyst to achieve ∼90% Se(IV) removal across concentrations of 0.

Postpartum Dams Exposed to a Low-Resource Environment Display Neuroinflammation, Elevated Corticosterone, and Anhedonia-like Behavior.

Women living in an impoverished environment after birth have an increased risk of developing postpartum depression (PP-Dep) and hypertension (PP-HTN). The mechanisms underlying these heightened risks are unknown and understudied. To examine the relation between reduced environmental resources, PP-Dep, and PP-HTN; postpartum rodent dams were exposed to the low-resource limited bedding and nesting (LBN) chronic stress model during weaning.

Outcomes of Patients Treated with Double-Wide Scallop vs Fenestrations for Celiac Artery Incorporation During Repair of Complex Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms.

Objectives: Celiac artery (CA) incorporation during FB-EVAR for complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (cAAA) is typically performed with fenestrations. Double-wide scallops (DWS) can be used when appropriate. We aimed to assess outcomes of patients treated with DWS for the CA during FB-EVAR for cAAA.

Ultrasonographic Changes in the Anterior Scalene Muscle in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

Introduction: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) encompasses multiple symptoms produced by compression of the neurovascular bundle within the thoracic outlet. The subtypes of thoracic outlet are termed for the major affected structure including neurogenic (nTOS), venous (vTOS), and arterial (aTOS) thoracic outlet syndrome. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome accounts for over 95 percent of thoracic outlet syndrome cases and occurs from compression of the brachial plexus.

Report on the Development of the Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics' Academic "Accreditation Standards for Advanced Practice Doctoral Education in Nutrition and Dietetics".

The dietetics profession is facing a shortage of registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) with a terminal degree. The need for doctoral prepared RDNs was augmented with the entry-level RDN requiring a graduate degree and exacerbated by the number of retirees from the baby boomer generation. Advanced practice doctoral (APD) programs can assist in meeting the increased need for doctoral prepared RDNs.

Microscopic Origin of the Spatial and Temporal Precision in Biological Systems.

All living systems display remarkable spatial and temporal precision, despite operating in intrinsically fluctuating environments. It is even more surprising given that biological phenomena are regulated by multiple chemical reactions that are also random. While the underlying molecular mechanisms of surprisingly high precision in biology remain not well understood, a novel theoretical picture that relies on the coupling of relevant stochastic processes has been recently proposed and applied to explain different phenomena.

Unlocking insights: Clinical associations from the largest 6-minute walk test collection via the my Heart Counts Cardiovascular Health Study, a fully digital smartphone platform.

Background: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a prognostic sub-maximal exercise test used clinically as a measure of functional capacity. With the emergence of advanced sensors, 6MWTs are being performed remotely via smartphones and other devices. The My Heart Counts Cardiovascular Health Study is a smartphone application that serves as a digital platform for studies of human cardiovascular health, and has been used to perform 30,475 6MWTs on 8922 unique participants.