Development of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), on pork tissue at two temperatures.

The house fly, Musca domestica, L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a filth fly that is often associated with criminal and civil investigations surrounding abuse, neglect, and death of humans and other vertebrates. However, development data, which are crucial for determining the age of immatures collected under forensically relevant circumstances, are limited.

Non-screw glenoid augmentation constructs for shoulder instability with bone loss: A biomechanical assessment of static and elastic cerclage constructs.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the biomechanical performance of elastic and static suture-based cerclage systems to traditional screw constructs in the setting of modeled glenoid bony augmentation.

Methods: Biomechanical testing was conducted on polyurethane cellular foam blocks modeling a 20 % glenoid defect repaired with a coracoid graft. Constructs consisted of an elastic suture-based cerclage, static suture-based cerclage, and a two-screw construct.

Changes in multidisciplinary perceptions of trauma video review following implementation of a novel program: let us go to the tape.

Background: Trauma video review (TVR) is an evolving technology that can be used to measure technical and non-technical aspects of trauma care leading to meaningful improvements. Only 30% of centers currently use TVR, with non-users citing medicolegal concerns, staff discomfort with recording, and resource constraints as barriers to implementation. Multiple studies have shown established TVR programs are well-perceived by staff.

Effects of cold storage on double integrating sphere optical property measurements of porcine dermis and subcutaneous fat from 400 to 1100 nm.

Significance: Accurate values of skin optical properties are essential for developing reliable computational models and optimizing optical imaging systems. However, published values show a large variability due to a variety of factors, including differences in sample collection, preparation, experimental methodology, and analysis.

Aim: We aim to explore the influence of storage conditions on the optical properties of the excised skin from 400 to 1100 nm.

Social determinants of financial stress and association with psychological distress among young adults 18-26 years in the United States.

Introduction: Financial stress (FS) during young adulthood may have lasting effects on financial security, physical health, and overall wellbeing. This study examines the burden, social determinants and mental health consequences of experienced FS among young adults in the United States, based on objective measures of financial stress.

Methods: We studied young adults aged 18-26 years using pooled data from the 2013-18 National Health Interview Survey.

Can an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone App Help Individuals with Mental Health Disorders Quit Smoking?

Background: Individuals with mental health disorders face major barriers in accessing smoking cessation care, often due to the stigmas associated with mental disorders and addiction. Consequently, accessible population-based smoking cessation interventions are needed for this vulnerable group.

Objective: This secondary analysis utilized data from a 12-month randomized trial to examine whether an acceptance and commitment therapy-based app (iCanQuit) demonstrated greater efficacy, engagement, and satisfaction compared to a United States (US) Clinical Practice Guidelines-based app (QuitGuide) in helping adults with mental health disorders quit smoking.

Comparison of Glenoid Bone Loss After Unidirectional Versus Combined Shoulder Instability in a Military Population.

Background: While glenoid bone loss (GBL) after anterior shoulder instability correlates with poor functional outcomes, the specific effects of GBL in posterior and combined-type shoulder instability remain poorly characterized, especially in a high-risk military population.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare GBL between unidirectional anterior or posterior instability versus combined-type instability in active-duty servicemembers. It was hypothesized that total GBL and GBL in the direction of instability would be greater in those with combined-type instability compared with unidirectional instability.

Frequency of Tommy John Surgery in NCAA Division I College Pitchers Versus Weather Conditions.

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is a common elbow procedure in baseball pitchers. Previous studies of Major League Baseball pitchers identified the weather as a potential risk factor, as warmer climates enable more annual playing time and increase overuse injury risks.

Purpose: To determine whether weather conditions play a role in UCLR rates and timing for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (D1) collegiate pitchers in the United States.

Arthroscopic Bone Grafting of Deep Acetabular Cysts in Hip Preservation Surgery: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Background: Acetabular subchondral cysts are commonly identified signs of joint degeneration and arthritis. This pathology is generally considered a relative contraindication for hip preservation surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of arthroscopic bone grafting for the treatment of acetabular subchondral cysts.

Donor hepatitis C status is not associated with an increased risk of acute rejection in kidney transplantation.

Introduction: In renal transplantation, donor hepatitis C virus (HCV) status is crucial to consider when selecting a recipient given the high likelihood of transmission. We analyzed the effect of donor HCV status on post-renal transplant rejection and virologic infectious outcomes using electronic health record data from multiple US health care organizations.

Methods: Using real world data from electronic health records of renal transplant recipients, a propensity score-matched case-control study of one-year renal transplant outcomes was conducted on cohorts of HCV-negative recipients who received an organ from an HCV-positive donor (HCV D+/R-) versus from an HCV-negative donor (HCV D-/R-).

The challenges to detect, quantify, and characterize viral reservoirs in the current antiretroviral era.

A major barrier to cure HIV is the early generation of viral reservoirs in tissues. These viral reservoirs can contain intact or defective proviruses, but both generates low levels of viral proteins contribute to chronic bystander damage even in the ART era. Most viral reservoir detection techniques are limited to blood-based, reactivation, and sequencing assays that lack spatial properties to examine the contribution of the host's microenvironment to latency and cure efforts.

Optimized heparin adsorption using macroporous zeolites: A comprehensive study.

Heparin is a highly valuable active pharmaceutical ingredient, typically derived from porcine intestinal mucosa. Traditionally, various commercial resins have been used as adsorbents for heparin extraction; however, there has been growing interest in exploring more cost-effective adsorbents in recent years to improve heparin recovery. Zeolites, a typical aluminosilicate known for their high surface area, porosity, and thermal stability, were selected for evaluation in this study.

Examining the Proximal Relationship between Religious Coping and Depression among Trauma-Exposed Adults.

Depression is a common consequence of sexual victimization. Although religious coping has been previously studied within the context of sexual victimization, there is a dearth of research examining the potential reciprocal relationships between religious coping and depression among adults with a history of sexual victimization at the daily level. The current study addresses this important gap by leveraging an intensive longitudinal design and data analysis to explore bidirectional daily relations between religious coping and depression symptoms in a community sample of adults with a history of sexual victimization.

Evaluating the feasibility of a normalized competitive index (NCI) to assess the competitiveness of general surgery residency.

Background: General surgery remains the predominant surgical training pathway; however, the trends in competitiveness over time are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a normalized competitive index (NCI) to assess competitiveness by analyzing 30 years of general surgery match data.

Methods: Data for general surgery programs were collected using the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Main Residency Match data from 1993 to 2022.

Low-Cost Lower Extremity Screening to Predict Shoulder Distraction Force in College Softball Pitchers.

Background: During a windmill softball pitch, the throwing shoulder experiences forces greater than the pitcher's body weight. Various kinematic, kinetic, and performance factors have been related to shoulder forces and torques in softball pitchers, and softball research has examined clinical screening measures such as range of motion, muscular strength, and/or neuromuscular control. However, no studies have explicitly identified low-cost, clinic-friendly screening measures predictive of shoulder distraction forces in softball pitchers.

Gradient Design with Low-tortuosity Overcoming Kinetic Limitations in High-Loading Solid-State Cathodes.

The extensive commercialization of practical solid-state batteries (SSBs) necessitates the development of high-loading solid-state cathodes with fast charging capability. However, electrochemical kinetics are severely delayed in thick cathodes due to tortuous ion transport pathways and slow solid-solid ion diffusion, which limit the achievable capacity of SSBs at high current densities. In this work, we propose a conductivity gradient cathode with low-tortuosity to enable facile ion transport and counterbalance ion concentration gradient, thereby overcoming the kinetic limitations and achieving fast charging capabilities in thick cathodes.

The effect of oral methadone on the QTc interval in cancer pain patients.

Introduction: The QTc prolongation effect of methadone has been extensively studied at higher doses commonly used in opioid dependence maintenance therapy, but evidence remains limited regarding its impact at the lower doses typically prescribed for cancer pain. This study aims to evaluate the effect of oral methadone on QTc intervals in cancer pain patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on adult patients initiated on oral methadone therapy for cancer.

Marine heatwaves imperil emblematic reef fishes by altering the energetic landscape of coral reefs.

Marine heatwaves are increasingly common due to human-induced climate change. Under prolonged thermal stress on coral reefs, corals can undergo bleaching, leading to mass coral mortality and large-scale changes in benthic community composition. While coral mortality has clear, negative impacts on the body condition and populations of coral-dependent fish species, the mechanisms that drive these changes remain poorly resolved.

Canopy complexity drives positive effects of tree diversity on productivity in two tree diversity experiments.

Forest canopy complexity (i.e., the three-dimensional structure of the canopy) is often associated with increased species diversity as well as high primary productivity across natural forests.

Associations of maternal night shift work during pregnancy with DNA methylation in offspring: a meta-analysis in the PACE consortium.

Background: Night shift work during pregnancy has been associated with differential DNA methylation in placental tissue, but no studies have explored this association in cord blood. We aimed to examine associations of maternal night shift work with cord blood DNA methylation.

Methods: A total of 4487 mother-newborn pairs from 7 studies were included.

Social determinants of occupational injuries among US-based commercial fishermen: a systematic review.

Background: Commercial fishing is a multibillion-dollar industry that supports job growth, small- to large- businesses, and port and city revenue. The commercial fishing industry continues to be one of the most dangerous in the US, with a fatality rate nearly 40 times higher than the national average. Dangers of the fishing industry are multi-faceted and include hazardous working conditions, strenuous labor, long work hours, and harsh weather.