Changes in traffic-related air pollution exposures and associations with adverse birth outcomes over 20 years in Texas.

Background: Billions of dollars have been spent implementing regulations to reduce traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) from exhaust pipe emissions. However, few health studies have evaluated the change in TRAP emissions and associations with infant health outcomes. We hypothesize that the magnitude of association between vehicle exposure measures and adverse birth outcomes has decreased over time, parallelling regulatory improvements in exhaust pipe emissions.

Unveiling Potential: Achieving Mission by Integrating Enrollment Management With Identity-Masked Holistic Admissions Practices.

Purpose: Holistic review for admissions is designed to mitigate the common systemic barriers applicants may face in their medical school application journey and the common mistakes committed by admissions committees, but limited literature outlines how this can be modeled. This study examined a blinded holistic admissions approach that emphasized mission and value alignment and the resulting characteristics of applicants by admission status.

Method: Application data from 2,027 applicants to The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine with complete secondary applications for the 2022 to 2023 cycle were analyzed.

Trastuzumab Plus Pertuzumab Versus Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan in Patients With Wild-Type, HER2-Positive, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (S1613): A Randomized Phase II Trial.

Purpose: overexpression/amplification in wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]-positive mCRC) appears to be associated with limited benefit from anti-EGFR antibodies and promising responses to dual-HER2 inhibition; however, comparative efficacy has not been investigated. We conducted a randomized phase II trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of dual-HER2 inhibition against standard-of-care anti-EGFR antibody-based therapy as second/third-line treatment in HER2-positive mCRC.

Methods: Patients with -WT mCRC after central confirmation of HER2 positivity (immunohistochemistry 3+ or 2+ and in situ hybridization amplified [HER2/CEP17 ratio >2.

Diabetes, Subclinical Myocardial Injury or Stress and Risk of Heart Failure Subtypes: The Jackson Heart Study.

Objective: To assess the extent to which the concomitant presence of subclinical myocardial injury or stress and diabetes affects the risk of heart failure (HF) subtypes.

Research Design And Methods: The Jackson Heart Study included Black adults, categorized based on diabetes status, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Subclinical myocardial injury was defined as hs-cTnI ≥4 ng/L in women and ≥6 ng/L in men, and subclinical myocardial stress as BNP ≥35 pg/mL.

Plasma Lipid Metabolites, Clinical Glycemic Predictors, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Plasma metabolite profiling has uncovered several nonglycemic markers of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated whether such biomarkers provide information about specific aspects of T2D etiology, such as impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, and whether their association with T2D risk varies by race.

Research Design And Methods: Untargeted plasma metabolite profiling was performed of participants in the FINRISK 2002 cohort (n = 7,564).

Radiofrequency Microneedling in Treating Primary Hyperhidrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Radiofrequency microneedling (RFM) is a potential treatment for primary hyperhidrosis. However, its efficacy is unclear, and treatment parameters and outcomes vary across studies.

Objective: To understand the effect of RFM on treating primary hyperhidrosis, as measured by changes in the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Score (HDSS) before and after treatment, and to clearly define treatment settings most likely to optimize results.

Region-specific roles of oviductal motile cilia in oocyte/embryo transport and fertility.

The physiological and clinical importance of motile cilia in reproduction is well recognized, however, the specific role they play in transport through the oviduct and how ciliopathies lead to subfertility and infertility is still unclear. The contribution of cilia beating, fluid flow, and smooth muscle contraction to overall progressive transport within the oviduct remains under debate. Therefore, we investigated the role of cilia in the oviduct transport of preimplantation eggs and embryos using a combination of genetic and advanced imaging approaches.

The unraveling of a Nobel Prize: How Hermann Muller was awarded the Nobel Prize: A front for eugenics.

This paper asserts that the Nobel Prize for Medicine/Physiology that Hermann J. Muller received in 1946 was a front to enhance the legitimacy, acceptance, and application of eugenics, a strategy to guide the direction and rate of human evolutionary change. Seven of the nine people nominating (1932-1946) Muller were proponents of eugenics with Muller being among the most visible of the scientific leaders.

Indoor carbon monoxide exposures in a retail occupancy.

In a two-story retail mall in the Southeastern United States, employees within Store A (located on the second level) began to feel headaches and general unease and discussed the symptoms among themselves. Approximately 1.5 hr later, an employee called 9-1-1.

Increased Risk of Stroke in Constipation Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Constipation is commonly seen among patients with cardiovascular diseases and is linked to adverse outcomes. However, the association between constipation and the risk of stroke remains conflicting. Therefore, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the available data on this topic.

Dearomative Addition-Hydrogen Autotransfer for Branch-Selective -Heteroaryl C-H Functionalization via Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-C Couplings of Diene Pronucleophiles.

A novel mechanism for -heteroaryl C-H functionalization via dearomative addition-hydrogen autotransfer is described. Upon exposure to the catalyst derived from RuHCl(CO)(PPh) and Xantphos, dienes - suffer hydroruthenation to form allylruthenium nucleophiles that engage in -heteroaryl addition-β-hydride elimination to furnish branched products of C-C coupling - and -. Oxidative cleavage of isoprene adducts , , , and followed by ruthenium-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric ketone reduction provides enantiomerically enriched -heteroarylethyl alcohols - and, therefrom, -heteroarylethyl amines -.

Plural molecular and cellular mechanisms of pore domain encephalopathy.

variants in children with neurodevelopmental impairment are difficult to assess due to their heterogeneity and unclear pathogenic mechanisms. We describe a child with neonatal-onset epilepsy, developmental impairment of intermediate severity, and G256W heterozygosity. Analyzing prior KCNQ2 channel cryoelectron microscopy models revealed G256 as a node of an arch-shaped non-covalent bond network linking S5, the pore turret, and the ion path.

Predicting and Ranking Diabetic Ketoacidosis Risk among Youth with Type 1 Diabetes with a Clinic-to-Clinic Transferrable Machine Learning Model.

To use electronic health record (EHR) data to develop a scalable and transferrable model to predict 6-month risk for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)-related hospitalization or emergency care in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). To achieve a sharable predictive model, we engineered features using EHR data mapped to the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative's (T1DX-QI) data schema used by 60+ U.S.

Impact of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy on Mental Health and Multidimensional Outcome and Quality of Life: An NIDILRR TBIMS Study.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) often impair daily activities and mental health (MH), which contribute to long-term TBI-related disability. PTE also affects driving capacity, which impacts functional independence, community participation, and satisfaction with life (SWL). However, studies evaluating the collective impact of PTE on multidimensional outcomes are lacking.

Neighborhood-level deprivation mediates racial and ethnic disparities in HCC diagnosis in Texas.

Background: Texas has the highest HCC rates in the United States, and the greatest burden is among Hispanics. Racial and ethnic disparities in HCC incidence have multiple underpinning factors. We conducted a mediation analysis to examine the role of neighborhood disadvantage (Area Deprivation Index) as a potential mediator of the association between neighborhood race and ethnicity distribution and neighborhood HCC case counts in Texas.

Priority Clinical Actions for Outpatient Management of Nonhospitalized Traumatic Brain Injury.

Outpatient care following nonhospitalized traumatic brain injury (TBI) is variable, and often sparse. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's 2022 report on highlighted the need to improve the consistency and quality of TBI care in the community. In response, the present study aimed to identify existing evidence-based guidance and specific clinical actions over the days to months following nonhospitalized TBI that should be prioritized for implementation in primary care.

Post-translational modifications drive the effects of HMGB1 in alcohol-associated liver disease.

Background: We previously identified that high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is increased and undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs) in response to alcohol consumption. Here, we hypothesized that specific PTMs, occurring mostly in hepatocytes and myeloid cells, could contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD).

Methods: We used the Lieber-DeCarli (LD) model of early alcohol-induced liver injury, combined with engineered viral vectors and genetic approaches to regulate the expression of HMGB1, its PTMs (reduced [H], oxidized [O], acetylated [Ac], both [O + Ac]), and its receptors (RAGE, TLR4) in a cell-specific manner (hepatocytes and/or myeloid cells).

Heparin Versus Saline: A Comparative Study to Support Practice Change Within an Organization.

This nurse-led research study investigates the comparative effectiveness of heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking in blood cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either heparin or 0.

Maternal Social Phobia, but not Generalized Anxiety, Symptoms Interact with Early Childhood Error-Related Negativity to Prospectively Predict Child Anxiety Symptoms.

The error-related negativity (ERN) has been called a putative neural marker of anxiety risk in children, with smaller ERN amplitudes denoting greater risk in early childhood. Children of anxious mothers are at elevated risk for anxiety problems compared to children of non-anxious mothers. Still unknown is whether discrete maternal symptoms interact with child ERN to predict different forms of child anxiety risk, knowledge of which could increase our understanding of the specificity of known conditions and pathways for transgenerational effects.

Glucarpidase for Treatment of High-Dose Methotrexate Toxicity.

High-dose methotrexate (MTX) results in high rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), neutropenia, and hepatotoxicity. Glucarpidase is a recombinant enzyme that cleaves MTX, but clinical data supporting its use are scarce. We examined the association between glucarpidase administration and outcomes in adults with MTX-AKI from 28 cancer centers across the U.