Sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue is not a predominant mediator of Oxytocin (OT)-elicited reductions of body weight gain and adiposity in male diet-induced obese rats.

Recent studies indicate that central administration of oxytocin (OT) reduces body weight (BW) in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure (EE). Previous studies in our lab have shown that administration of OT into the fourth ventricle (4V; hindbrain) elicits weight loss and stimulates interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature (T) in DIO rats. We hypothesized that OT-elicited stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation of IBAT contributes to its ability to activate BAT and reduce BW in DIO rats.

Pericoronary adipose tissue feature analysis in computed tomography calcium score images in comparison to coronary computed tomography angiography.

Purpose: We investigated the feasibility and advantages of using non-contrast CT calcium score (CTCS) images to assess pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). PCAT features from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular risk but are potentially confounded by iodine. If PCAT in CTCS images can be similarly analyzed, it would avoid this issue and enable its inclusion in formal risk assessment from readily available, low-cost CTCS images.

Difficulties with positive, but not negative, emotion regulation moderate the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use in college students.

Background: Positive alcohol expectancies are linked to increased alcohol use among college students. Difficulties regulating emotion have been shown to moderate this relationship, though little research accounts for differences based on the valence of the emotion being regulated.

Objective: To examine the independent moderating roles of positive and negative emotion dysregulation on the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use.

A 5-year single-center review of seropositivity in kidney transplant candidates in Central Texas.

Introduction: is a soil-transmitted helminth that can lead to life-threatening hyperinfection in transplant recipients. Targeted screening based on social history alone may preclude a large proportion of seropositive patients. Our institution implemented universal screening for kidney transplant candidates.

Differential Associations of Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use Versus Combustible Cigarette Use With Subclinical Markers of Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Atherosclerosis: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco Working Group.

Background: Understanding the association of tobacco product use with subclinical markers is essential in evaluating health effects to inform regulatory policy. This is particularly relevant for noncigarette products (eg, cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco), which have been understudied because of their low prevalence in individual cohort studies.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 98 450 participants from the Cross-Cohort Collaboration-Tobacco data set.

Surgery for the Treatment of HPV-Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is associated with worse survival when compared to HPV-positive OPSCC. Primary surgery is one option to intensify therapy in this high-risk group of patients. Unfortunately, the only randomized trial to explore this approach (RTOG 1221) failed to accrue and the role of primary surgery in the treatment of HPV-negative OPSCC remains unanswered.

Body mass index and sleep disorders after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury - a national TBI model systems study.

Objective: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI), newly developed sleep disorders and functional outcome after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI).

Methods: Retrospective data from the TBI Model Systems National Database was analyzed, focusing on the independent association between BMI, sleep disorder diagnosis, and functional outcome as measured by the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) at 1-year post-injury. Linear and logistic regression were used.

Binge eating behaviours are associated with recurrent weight gain after metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Recurrent weight gain (RWG) is a major post-operative challenge among metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) patients. Binge eating behaviours (BEB) and food addiction (FA) have been identified as significant predictors of post-MBS RWG. However, limited research has investigated their independent associations with post-MBS RWG.

Designing Robust Quasi-2D Perovskites Thin Films for Stable Light-Emitting Applications.

Quasi-2D perovskite made with organic spacers co-crystallized with inorganic cesium lead bromide inorganics is demonstrated for near unity photoluminescence quantum yield at room temperature. However, light emitting diodes made with quasi-2D perovskites rapidly degrade which remains a major bottleneck in this field. In this work, It is shown that the bright emission originates from finely tuned multi-component 2D nano-crystalline phases that are thermodynamically unstable.

Development of Progressively Earth-Independent Medical Operations to Enable NASA Exploration Missions.

-The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) transition from operations in low-Earth orbit to long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars necessitates the development of progressively Earth-independent medical operations (EIMO) to support crews and reduce overall mission risk. Previous work has defined and laid the foundation for EIMO, but further development of the concept is required to prepare for future exploration missions. -NASA's Exploration Medical Capability element organized a series of 5 technical interchange meetings from 2023 to 2024, which included internal (NASA) and external subject-matter experts in human spaceflight, health technology, and austere medicine to create a framework for developing the technologies and procedures necessary to maintain human health and performance in a progressively Earth-independent fashion.

Shedding Light on the Prognostic and Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor DNA for Management of Patients with Early-Stage Colon Cancer.

The management of early-stage colon cancer involves surgical resection of the primary tumor with or without chemotherapy, depending on pathological staging. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer is approximately 5% and 15%, indicating the need for optimization for risk stratification and patient selection. Several studies have revealed that current clinicopathological factors lack precision.

Effects of Unit Cell Size on Thermal Conductivity in Two Different Polymorphs of Niobium Diselenide.

2D materials possess weak inter-layer van der Waals bonding, allowing them to exist as different polymorphs depending on the stacking sequence of the layers. Herein, the thermal conductivities of the 2H-NbSe and 2H-3R-NbSe polymorphs by conducting experimental measurements and theoretical analysis are comparatively studied. Owing to its 1.

Not enough: Medicaid expansion, medical debt, and cost avoidance in rural American Indian and Alaska Native households.

Purpose: Despite expanding health insurance coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), many Americans struggle with financial barriers to health care. Medicaid expansion was meant to help alleviate these barriers, particularly for rural communities, but has shown mixed results. The American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) community, which faces both racial and geographic disparities, is a group that should benefit from Medicaid expansion.

Bipartite interference and air pollution transport: estimating health effects of power plant interventions.

Evaluating air quality interventions is confronted with the challenge of interference since interventions at a particular pollution source likely impact air quality and health at distant locations, and air quality and health at any given location are likely impacted by interventions at many sources. The structure of interference in this context is dictated by complex atmospheric processes governing how pollution emitted from a particular source is transformed and transported across space and can be cast with a bipartite structure reflecting the two distinct types of units: (i) interventional units on which treatments are applied or withheld to change pollution emissions; and (ii) outcome units on which outcomes of primary interest are measured. We propose new estimands for bipartite causal inference with interference that construe two components of treatment: a "key-associated" (or "individual") treatment and an "upwind" (or "neighborhood") treatment.

Latrunculin U: a potent actin-disrupter from the Red Sea marine sponge .

During our efforts to identify biologically active compounds from Red Sea marine invertebrates, a new compound, latrunculin U (), was identified from the Red Sea sponge along with latrunculins A (), B (), and 16--latrunculin B (). The structures of the latrunculins were elucidated based on a combination of comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses and high-resolution mass spectral determinations. The antiproliferative potency of each compound in HeLa cells was evaluated, and they had IC values ranging from 0.

Technical considerations and review of urinary microRNAs as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene regulation, making them potential biomarkers for various diseases. In the field of veterinary medicine, there is a growing interest in exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in kidney diseases affecting dogs and cats. This review focuses on the use of urinary miRNAs as biomarkers for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in these companion animals.

Early achievement of hemostasis defined by transfusion velocity: A possible mechanism for whole blood survival benefit.

Introduction: Whole blood resuscitation is associated with survival benefits in observational cohort studies. The mechanisms responsible for outcome benefits have not been adequately determined. We sought to characterize the achievement of hemostasis across patients receiving early whole blood versus component resuscitation.

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex: An Anatomical and Medical Illustration Study.

Recent advances in small-joint arthroscopy and cutting-edge magnetic resonance imaging systems have enabled orthopedic surgeons to perform more complex repairs of the wrist. Such repairs can include those of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) of the wrist that necessitates a reappraisal of its morphometry with special emphasis on the relationship between its articular disc (AD) and surrounding tissues. The TFCC AD is a fibrocartilaginous, biconcave structure located between the ulnar styloid process and the carpal bones of the wrist.

Is Hume's Law a valid argument against empirical bioethics?

If "no ought from is," how can bioethics be empirical? Despite the widespread recognition that we can integrate empirical and normative, Hume's Law is still often claimed to pose logical limitations to empirical bioethics. Is Hume's Law a valid argument against empirical bioethics? I argue that we have reasons to answer no. First, I outline and reject two unverified assumptions: that Hume' s Law, the fact-value distinction, and the naturalistic fallacy are roughly the same thing, and that Hume's Law is an undisputed meta-ethical principle which dictates how to formulate normative statements.

Maternal Western Diet Programmes Bile Acid Dysregulation and Hepatic Fibrosis in Fetal and Juvenile Macaques.

Background And Aims: Maternal obesity increases the risk of the paediatric form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), affecting up to 30% of youth, but the developmental origins remain poorly understood.

Methods: Using a Japanese macaque model, we investigated the impact of maternal Western-style diet (mWSD) or chow diet followed by postweaning WSD (pwWSD) or chow diet focusing on bile acid (BA) homeostasis and hepatic fibrosis in livers from third-trimester fetuses and 3-year-old juvenile offspring.

Results: Juveniles exposed to mWSD had increased hepatic collagen I/III content and stellate cell activation in portal regions.