Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors.

Differences in anxiety, depression and pain experience among adults with chronic low back pain as a function of nicotine product use.

The landscape of nicotine use in the United States (US) has continued to evolve, with electronic cigarette use (hereafter e-cigarette) becoming more evident in recent years. Patterns of dual nicotine use, or using combustible nicotine in conjunction with e-cigarettes, may increase dependence on nicotine, continued exposure to toxins, and corresponding health risks. One of the most prevalent health problems related to nicotine use is the experience of chronic pain.

Non-Caucasian Race/Ethnicity Predisposes to Unfavorable Stage and Grade at Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis.

Objective: To test whether race/ethnicity affects stage or grade distribution at upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) diagnosis.

Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database 2004-2020, UTUC patients were identified. Multivariable logistic regression models tested for the association between race/ethnicity and stage as well as grade at diagnosis according to renal pelvis vs.

A Trauma-Focused Screening Approach for Teen Dating Violence Prevention.

Developing accurate and equitable screening protocols can lead to more targeted, efficient, and effective, teen dating violence (TDV) prevention programming. Current TDV screening protocols perform poorly and are rarely implemented, but recent research and policy emphasizes the importance of leveraging more trauma-focused screening measures for improved prevention outcomes. In response, the present study examined which adversities (i.

Surgical Margins and Oncologic Outcomes Following Wedge Resection of Pulmonary Metastases in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Sarcoma.

Introduction: Children and young adults diagnosed with sarcoma often present with pulmonary metastases requiring wedge resection. It is important to balance the risk of pulmonary recurrence against the desire to limit resection of benign parenchyma. This study aims to determine the impact of resection margins on survival and recurrence among pediatric and young adult sarcoma patients.

Alleviation of liver fibrosis by inhibiting a non-canonical ATF4-regulated enhancer program in hepatic stellate cells.

Liver fibrosis is a critical liver disease that can progress to more severe manifestations, such as cirrhosis, yet no effective targeted therapies are available. Here, we identify that ATF4, a master transcription factor in ER stress response, promotes liver fibrosis by facilitating a stress response-independent epigenetic program in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Unlike its canonical role in regulating UPR genes during ER stress, ATF4 activates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene transcription under fibrogenic conditions.

Molecular logic for cellular specializations that initiate the auditory parallel processing pathways.

The cochlear nuclear complex (CN), the starting point for all central auditory processing, encompasses a suite of neuronal cell types highly specialized for neural coding of acoustic signals. However, the molecular logic governing these specializations remains unknown. By combining single-nucleus RNA sequencing and Patch-seq analysis, we reveal a set of transcriptionally distinct cell populations encompassing all previously observed types and discover multiple hitherto unknown subtypes with anatomical and physiological identity.

Impact of population screening for Lynch syndrome insights from the All of Us data.

Lynch Syndrome (LS) is a common genetic cancer condition that allows for personalized cancer prevention and early cancer detection in identified gene carriers. We used data from the All of Us (AOU) Research Initiative to assess the prevalence of LS in the general U.S.

Parenting and Family Concerns of Couples Navigating Advanced Breast Cancer: Exploring Discussions Around Parenting Challenges and Targets for Intervention.

Background: Parents with advanced cancer and their partners are more likely to experience psychological distress than their counterparts without minor children. Greater relationship functioning may support parents in distress.

Aims: The current study seeks to explore couples' cancer-related parenting communication behaviors, perception and their associations with psychological and relational wellbeing.

Joint k-b space diffusion-weighted image reconstruction and apparent diffusion coefficient fitting for diffusion-weighted turbo-spin-echo imaging.

Background: Diffusion-weighted (DW) turbo-spin-echo (TSE) imaging offers improved geometric fidelity compared to single-shot echo-planar-imaging (EPI). However, it suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and prolonged acquisition times, thereby restricting its applications in diagnosis and MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT).

Purpose: To develop a joint k-b space reconstruction algorithm for concurrent reconstruction of DW-TSE images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map with enhanced image quality and more accurate quantitative measurements.

Cost drivers of gastric sleeve procedures performed using robotic platform.

Background: Robotic bariatric surgery adoption rates have increased, and the higher costs associated with robotic sleeve gastrectomy (rSG) are a concern.

Objectives: To investigate the factors associated with increased costs of rSG.

Setting: US hospital database.

Concomitant antihistamine administration is associated with improved survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with atezolizumab. Analysis of individual participant data from IMvigor210 and IMvigor211.

Objectives: Survival outcomes of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) are still suboptimal and strategies to enhance response to immune-oncology (IO) compounds are under scrutiny. In preclinical studies, it has been demonstrated that antihistamines may reverse macrophage immunosuppression, reactivate T cell cytotoxicity, and enhance the immunotherapy response. We aimed to evaluate the role of concomitant antihistamines administration on oncological outcomes among patients with mUC.

Clinical efficacy of OS-01 peptide formulation in reducing the signs of periorbital skin aging.

Background: The aging of the skin, particularly around the periorbital region, is a complex process characterized by the accumulation of senescent cells, decreased collagen production, and reduced skin elasticity, leading to visible signs such as fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging.

Objective: This study investigates the efficacy of a novel topical formulation, OS-01 EYE, containing the senomorphic peptide, OS-01, along with other active ingredients, in improving the skin around the eyes.

Methods: A 12-week clinical study was conducted with 22 participants who applied OS-01 EYE twice daily.

Deep learning MRI models for the differential diagnosis of tumefactive demyelination versus -wildtype glioblastoma.

Background And Purpose: Diagnosis of tumefactive demyelination can be challenging. The diagnosis of indeterminate brain lesions on MRI often requires tissue confirmation via brain biopsy. Noninvasive methods for accurate diagnosis of tumor and non-tumor etiologies allows for tailored therapy, optimal tumor control, and a reduced risk of iatrogenic morbidity and mortality.

Dysregulation of Airway and Systemic Interferon Responses Promote Asthma Exacerbations in Urban Children.

Background: Determining why some upper respiratory illnesses provoke asthma exacerbations remains an unmet need.

Objective: To identify transcriptome-wide gene expression changes associated with colds that progress to exacerbation.

Methods: 208 urban children (6-17 years) with exacerbation-prone asthma were prospectively monitored for up to two cold illnesses.

Impact of Kidney Disease in Patients Undergoing Catheter Directed Interventions for Intermediate to High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism.

Background: Catheter-directed interventions (CDIs) for pulmonary embolism (PE) continue to evolve. However, due to the paucity of data, their use has been limited in patients with underlying kidney disease.

Methods: The National Readmission Database (2016-2020) was utilized to identify intermediate to high-risk PE (IHR-PE) patients requiring CDI (thrombectomy, thrombolysis, and ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis).

Vaginal Antiseptic Preparation at the Time of Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To compare the rates of surgical site infection (SSI) after hysterectomy using vaginal antisepsis with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) versus povidone-iodine (PI).

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were queried from January 1, 1985 through Dec 7, 2023.

Prospective and retrospective analysis of whole slide images of sentinel and targeted lymph node frozen sections in breast cancer.

Different types of digital modalities are currently available for frozen section (FS) evaluation in surgical pathology practice. However, there are limited studies that demonstrate the potential of whole slide imaging (WSI) as a robust digital pathology option for FS FS diagnosis. In the current study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy achieved with WSI to that achieved with Light Microscopy (LM) for evaluating FSs of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and clipped lymph nodes (LNs) from breast cancer patients using two modalities.

Laser-Driven Dissection Achieves Earlier Continence Recovery Than Blunt Dissection During Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate.

Objectives: During holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP), blunt dissection (BD) by pushing the tip of the scope may exert mechanical force on the sphincter that could be avoided by adopting laser dissection (LD). This study evaluates the continence recovery in consecutive patients who underwent BD and LD.

Methods: A prospective cohort of patients who underwent LD was compared with a retrospective control that underwent BD.

Global Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Liver Cancer, and Alcohol Use Disorder, 2000-2021.

Background/aims: Alcohol represents a leading burden of disease worldwide, including alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). We aim to assess the global burden of AUD, ALD, and alcohol-attributable primary liver cancer between 2000-2021.

Methods: We registered the global and regional trends of AUD, ALD, and alcohol-related liver cancer using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study, the largest and most up-to-date global epidemiology database.

The trait-specific timing of accelerated genomic change in the human lineage.

Humans exhibit distinct characteristics compared to our primate and ancient hominin ancestors. To investigate genomic bursts in the evolution of these traits, we use two complementary approaches to examine enrichment among genome-wide association study loci spanning diseases and AI-based image-derived brain, heart, and skeletal tissue phenotypes with genomic regions reflecting four evolutionary divergence points. These regions cover epigenetic differences among humans and rhesus macaques, human accelerated regions (HARs), ancient selective sweeps, and Neanderthal-introgressed alleles.

DNA damage and its links to neuronal aging and degeneration.

DNA damage is a major risk factor for the decline of neuronal functions with age and in neurodegenerative diseases. While how DNA damage causes neurodegeneration is still being investigated, innovations over the past decade have provided significant insights into this issue. Breakthroughs in next-generation sequencing methods have begun to reveal the characteristics of neuronal DNA damage hotspots and the causes of DNA damage.

Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI of retroplacental clear space disruption in placenta accreta spectrum.

Introduction: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) occurs when the placenta is pathologically adherent to the myometrium. An intact retroplacental clear space (RPCS) is a marker of normal placentation. In this study, we investigate use of the FDA-approved iron supplement ferumoxytol for contrast-enhanced MRI of the RPCS in mouse models of normal pregnancy and PAS.

Untargeted metabolomics analysis as a potential screening tool for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria syndromes.

The 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA-uria) syndromes comprise a heterogeneous group of inborn errors of metabolism defined biochemically by detectable elevation of 3-methylglutaconic acid (3-MGA) in the urine. In type 1 (or primary) 3-MGA-uria, distal defects in the leucine catabolism pathway directly cause this elevation. Secondary 3-MGA-uria syndromes, however, are unrelated to leucine metabolism-specific defects but share a common biochemical phenotype of elevated 3-MGA.

A phase I study of temsirolimus in combination with metformin in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer.

Introduction: Molecular alterations in the PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways are frequently observed in patients with endometrial cancers. However, mTOR inhibitors, such as temsirolimus, have modest clinical benefits. In addition to inducing metabolic changes in cells, metformin activates AMPK, which in turn inhibits the mTOR pathway.