Perioperative outcomes and trends of transurethral surgeries for benign prostatic hyperplasia in octogenarians: a comprehensive analysis using the NSQIP database (2011-2022).

Introduction: Advances in health care have resulted in an increasing octogenarian population in the United States. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in this subgroup exceeds 70%. This study attempts to evaluate perioperative outcomes of different transurethral techniques in octogenarians and define their utilization trends from 2011 to 2022.

Design and synthesis of indol-2-one derivatives as potential RET inhibitors.

We synthesized and assessed five series of indol-2-one derivatives for their potential as RET kinase inhibitors. Notably, compounds B3, B6, D1, D2, D3, and D5 demonstrated significant inhibitory activity. Among these, D5 exhibited the best activity of inhibiting RET kinase, which provided reference for the subsequent development of RET kinase inhibitors as anti-thyroid cancer chemical.

Abundant genetic variation is retained in many laboratory schistosome populations.

Schistosomes are obligately sexual blood flukes that can be maintained in the laboratory using freshwater snails as intermediate and rodents as definitive hosts. The genetic composition of laboratory schistosome populations is poorly understood: whether genetic variation has been purged due to serial inbreeding or retained is unclear. We sequenced 19 - 24 parasites from each of five laboratory populations and compared their genomes with published exome data from four field populations.

α-Synuclein Strain Dynamics Correlate with Cognitive Shifts in Parkinson's Disease.

α-Synuclein (α-syn) strains can serve as discriminators between Parkinson's disease (PD) from other α-synucleinopathies. The relationship between α-syn strain dynamics and clinical performance as patients transition from normal cognition (NC) to cognitive impairment (CI) is not known. Here, we show that the biophysical properties and neurotoxicity of α-syn strains change as PD cognitive status transitions from NC to mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PD-D).

HADHA Regulates Respiratory Complex Assembly and Couples FAO and OXPHOS.

Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are key bioenergetics pathways. The machineries for both processes are localized in mitochondria. Secondary OXPHOS defects have been documented in patients with primary FAO deficiencies, and vice versa.

Shugoshin 1 expression in various cancers: a potential target for therapy.

Shugoshin 1 (SGO1) is one of the Shugoshin (guardian spirit) family proteins, which is reported to be majorly involved in the protection of centromeres and proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Recent studies found that the altered expression of SGO1 is associated with various cancers and genetic disorders, and suggested as a target for therapy. In the present study, we have reviewed the available literature on SGO1 gene and protein expression in various cancer-cell lines, animal models and cancer patients, and targeting SGO1 with siRNA/shRNA.

Clinical evidence of caries prevention by hydroxyapatite: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: A systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to update our 3-year-old meta-analysis to include RCTs, in vivo, and in situ clinical evidence that showed hydroxyapatite in oral care products can reduce dental caries.

Data: Using the PICO guide, published clinical trials were searched where subjects (P) of all ages, with primary, mixed or permanent dentitions, using toothpastes, mouthwashes or gels containing hydroxyapatite as an active ingredient (I) were compared to subjects who used placebo or no intervention, or fluoride-containing positive controls (C), and the outcomes (O) were direct measurement of reduced dental caries or suitable proxy for reduced caries risk.

Sources: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched using search terms from previous searches.

Molecular basis of interchain disulfide-bond formation in BMP-9 and BMP-10.

BMP-9 and BMP-10 are TGF-β family signaling ligands naturally secreted into blood. They act on endothelial cells and are required for proper development and maintenance of the vasculature. In hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, regulation is disrupted due to mutations in the BMP-9/10 pathway, namely in the type I receptor ALK1 or the co-receptor endoglin.

Secondary cutaneous malignancy after treatment of basal cell carcinoma with hedgehog pathway inhibitor: a systematic review.

Several studies have been published describing development of cutaneous malignancy after vismodegib therapy; no systematic review has been conducted to interpret these data. Our objective was to systemically review reported cases of same-site or different-site cutaneous malignancy after smoothened inhibitor (SMOi) therapy for primary basal cell carcinoma (BCC). PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were systematically searched January 1, 2012 - March 28, 2024.

Parishin A Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options. Parishin A, a natural compound derived from , possesses multiple therapeutic properties. However, its effects on OSCC remain unexplored.

Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Psoriasis-A Comprehensive Review.

A literature search on the subject of botulinum toxin treatment in psoriasis found 15 relevant articles, 11 on human subjects and 4 on animal studies. Of the human data, eight were clinical trials and three were single case reports. Seven out of eight clinical trials, all open-label, reported improvement in psoriasis following intradermal or subcutaneous botulinum toxin injections.

The Oral Microbiome of Peri-Implant Health and Disease: A Narrative Review.

Peri-implantitis disease has increased significantly over the last years, resulting in increased failure of implants. Many factors may play a role in implant complications and failure, including ones related to the oral microbiota. This literature review aims to summarize the current knowledge of microbiome of implants in health and disease, focusing not only on the presence/absence of specific microbiota or on their relative abundance, but also on their phenotypic expression and their complex relationships with the host.

ERMCS Ca transmission fuels cell division.

Mitosis is a cellular process that demands high energy, but it was previously unclear how this process is linked with mitochondrial ATP production. Zhao et al. describe how during mitosis, the lamin B receptor migrates to the ER membrane to enhance ER-mitochondria contact sites, coordinating Ca surges that increase ATP production necessary for cell division.

Treatment and Management of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Appraisal of Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Objective: To appraise clinical practice guidelines for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma treatment and management using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool.

Methods: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Four reviewers evaluated clinical practice guidelines utilising Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II, with domain scores requiring a threshold of greater than 60 per cent.

Exploring the Utility of Optoacoustic Imaging in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Masses: Gen 2 Study.

Rationale And Objectives: The combination of functional biologic data and imaging appearance has the potential to add diagnostic information to help the radiologist evaluate breast masses in an efficient, effective, and cost-conscious manner. This is the first clinical evaluation of the Gen 2(Model 9100, 8101) Imagio® System to assess image quality with both the stand-alone internal ultrasound (IUS), ultrasound-only transducer, and the Optoacoustic/Ultrasound (OA/US) duplex probe (1,2). This study assesses palpable and non-palpable breast abnormalities in patients who are referred for diagnostic breast ultrasound work-up.

Using the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) to evaluate self-rated health in an environmental justice community.

The Greater Fifth Ward (GFW) is a Northeast Houston, Texas, neighborhood with a legacy of industrial contamination and a confirmed cancer cluster. To understand self-rated health in the GFW, community-based participatory research (CBPR), was used to promote the inclusion of all partners. CBPR involves the community during each stage of the research process from design to research dissemination.

Rising Prevalence of Obesity and Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Co-incidence or Connected Circumstances Leading to Hypertension? A Narrative Review.

While obesity and its associated complications, mainly diabetes and hypertension, have been the largest public health problems of modern world, the emerging data suggests an increasing prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) as one of the most common undiagnosed causes of hypertension. We believe that rising prevalence of PA in the era of high rates of obesity is likely not a chance finding but is deeply intersected with the rising rates of obesity. Higher serum aldosterone concentrations and urinary aldosterone excretion have been observed in patients with increased body mass index or larger waist circumference.

Cancer fatalism is associated with HPV vaccine uptake among Hispanic emerging adult women in the US.

Objective: Despite the availability of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, only a small percentage of Hispanic emergent adults in the United States have actually had the vaccination. Due to cancer fatalism, some Hispanic emerging adults may perceive fewer benefits from the HPV vaccine, regardless of its positive health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cancer fatalism, knowledge of HPV-associated cancers, and HPV vaccination among Hispanic emerging adult women.

Impact of Six Months of Three Different Modalities of Exercise on Stress in Post-Treatment Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background/objectives: Extensive evidence suggests that exercise is physically and mentally beneficial for cancer survivors. This study reports on changes in self-reported stress, physiological biomarkers for stress (salivary cortisol), and HR-QOL constructs for fifty breast cancer survivors participating in one of three different exercise programs over 6 months.

Methods: Fifty post-treatment breast cancer survivors were randomized to either therapeutic yoga-based exercise (YE), comprehensive exercise (CE) (aerobic, resistance, flexibility), or choosing (C) their own exercise activities.

The Laws of Attraction: Chemokines as Critical Mediators in Cancer Progression and Immunotherapy Response in Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a prevalent urogenital malignancy, characterized by a myriad of genetic and environmental risk factors that drive its progression. Approximately 75% of bladder tumors are non-muscle-invasive at diagnosis. For such cases, bladder preservation is often feasible with intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy.