Mortality of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, alcohol, and metabolic risk factors, and its association with socioeconomic development status 2000-2021: GI Cancer Mortality and Risk Factors.

Objective: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for one-third of global cancer mortality, with nearly half being preventable. This study updates the global burden of GI cancers attributed to major risk factors: smoking, alcohol, and metabolic disturbances.

Methods: We utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to examine trends in death and age-standardized death rates related to GI cancers caused by smoking, alcohol, high body mass index (BMI), and high fasting blood glucose (FBG) from 2000 to 2021.

The Impact of Surgical Prehabilitation on Postoperative Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Prehabilitation (preoperative rehabilitation) encompasses a range of patient health driven interventions with the potential to enhance surgical outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties, focusing on physical functionality and postoperative length of stay (LOS).

Methods: Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Clinicaltrials.

Impact of Functional Training on Injuries After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction for Return-to-Duty Status in U.S. Naval Academy Midshipmen: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can be disabling because of prolonged rehabilitation process following surgical reconstructions. Rates of ACL injuries among military service members are close to 10 times greater than the general civilian population, likely because of the operation tempo and the unique physical requirements. Studies debated functional testing requirements for return to sports, but no study investigated the impact of functional training and re-injury rates following ACL reconstruction and their association with functional testing outcomes and time to return to full duty in United States Naval Academy (USNA) Midshipmen.

Efficacy of Colchicine for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.

Colchicine, a long-established anti-inflammatory medication, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for secondary prevention of stroke. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colchicine in preventing secondary stroke by comprehensively synthesizing available evidence. A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases from inception to November 15, 2024, using comprehensive search strategies.

Local flap guidance for scalp reconstruction following Mohs micrographic surgery.

Keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs) are commonly located on the scalp and often treated with excision with peripheral and deep en face margin assessment (PDEMA), with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) being the most frequently used method. Resection of these malignancies results in wounds with a wide variety of sizes, ranging from small, sub-centimeter defects, to extensive, nearly complete scalp defects. MMS is often the preferred treatment for tumor resection and margin clearance, as it allows for maximal healthy tissue preservation and has the lowest recurrence rates.

Advances in microfluidic platforms for tumor cell phenotyping: from bench to bedside.

Heterogeneities among tumor cells significantly contribute towards cancer progression and therapeutic inefficiency. Hence, understanding the nature of cancer through liquid biopsies and isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has gained considerable interest over the years. Microfluidics has emerged as one of the most popular platforms for performing liquid biopsy applications.

Increased MASH-associated liver cancer in younger demographics.

Background: The incidence of cancer and the prevalence of metabolic disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is increasing in young adults. However, updated global data on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-associated primary liver cancer (PLC) in young adults remains scarce.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2000 and 2021 to assess the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years rates from MASH-associated PLC in young adults (15-49 y).

Treatment Advances in Perinatal Depression: Innovations and Promising Approaches.

: Psychotherapy and antidepressants are the standard treatment for depression during pregnancy or postpartum. However, several new treatments for depression represent major advances and paradigm changes. This commentary highlights some innovative treatment options that are on the horizon.

Carotid Body Tumor: Incidental Discovery and Diagnosis.

Carotid body tumors (CBTs), rare neuroendocrine neoplasms near the carotid bifurcation, are mostly asymptomatic but may cause discomfort and autonomic dysfunction. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is used for diagnosis, eliminating the need for a biopsy to avoid the risk of hemorrhage. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment, while radiotherapy is an option when surgery is impractical.

Improving Advanced Care Planning Discussions at an Internal Medicine Clinic.

Objective: The project aimed to standardize advanced care planning (ACP) at an internal medicine clinic by initiating physician-patient communication regarding the patient's knowledge, understanding, and openness to pursuing advanced medical directives.

Methods: Data collection was conducted from February 1 to April 1, 2024, with the study concluding on April 24, 2024. ACP was facilitated through an initial standardized six-question pre-intervention survey in both English and Spanish.

Employer Perspective on Pain Fellowship Education: A Survey to Understand the Current State of Pain Medicine Training.

Background: Pain medicine care has expanded to encompass a wider range of conditions, necessitating updated education and training for pain specialists to utilize emerging technologies effectively. A national survey was conducted through several verified Pain organizations regarding pain physician employers' perspectives on pain medicine fellowship training and education. The survey aimed to gather insights from a diverse range of geographic locations, practice types (academic and private practice), and practice settings.

Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Emerges as the Fastest-Growing Aetiologies for Primary Liver Cancer in the United States.

Objective: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is projected to be the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States in 2040. We examine the burden of PLC in the United States, stratified by sex, state and aetiological risk factors.

Methods: Data on PLC prevalence, incidence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Safety and efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of various hematological malignancies. Recently, CAR-T has been used in refractory auto-immune diseases with initial encouraging results. In this systematic review, we examined the safety and efficacy of CAR-T in patients with refractory auto-immune diseases.

Prosodic Modifications to Challenging Communicative Environments in Preschoolers.

Adapting one's speaking style is particularly crucial as children start interacting with diverse conversational partners in various communication contexts. The study investigated the capacity of preschool children aged 3-5 years ( = 28) to modify their speaking styles in response to background noise, referred to as noise-adapted speech, and when talking to an interlocutor who pretended to have hearing loss, referred to as clear speech. We examined how two modified speaking styles differed across the age range.

Geographic Variation in Inpatient Rehabilitation Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To determine whether regional variations exist in functional outcomes of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) across the United States, while controlling for demographic and clinical variables.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) across 4 U.S.

Empowering Recovery Through Bedside Medication Accessibility.

Introduction The Meds to Beds (MTB) program aims to enhance medication adherence and reduce hospital readmissions by delivering prescribed medications directly to patients' bedsides before discharge. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the MTB program in reducing 90-day readmission rates in a community teaching hospital. Methods This prospective study was conducted at a 159-bed community teaching hospital in Boston, MA.

ABC transporter activity is affected by the size of lipid nanodiscs.

Lipid nanodiscs have become a widely used approach for studying membrane proteins thanks to several advantages they offer. They have been especially useful for studying ABC transporters, despite the growing concern about the possible restriction of the conformational changes of the transporters due to the small size of the discs. Here, we performed a systematic study to determine the effect of the nanodisc size on the ATPase activity of model ABC transporters from human, plant, and bacteria.

Biparietal Osteodystrophy Visualized on a Dermatologist's Scalp Examination.

Biparietal osteodystrophy, also known as biparietal thinning, is an uncommon illness that causes symmetrical thinning of the parietal bones. It primarily affects women in their sixth and seventh decades of life. We present a case of a 73-year-old female with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis who visited a dermatology clinic with a bulging mass around her vertex scalp, accompanied by episodes of dizziness and blurred vision.

Exploring the intersection between orthostatic hypotension and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Daytime sleepiness, reported in about 50 % of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), is associated with high morbidity, poor quality of life and increased risk for accidents. While an association between dysautonomia and daytime sleepiness in early, de-novo PD has been reported, our understanding of the role of medications, cognitive status and co-morbidites on this relationship is inadequate.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the prospective Cincinnati Cohort Biomarkers Program.

MicroRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in diabetes male infertility: a systematic review.

This study conducts an in-depth review of the correlation between testis tissue changes and circulating microRNAs (miRNA) in diabetes-induced male reproductive complications, drawing upon both animal and clinical studies. The original articles published in English that specifically investigate miRNAs linked to male infertility in humans or animals with either type I or ΙΙ diabetes mellitus were included. The relevant articles were gathered from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases.