Vaccines in a time of global boiling and megacities.

Neglected tropical diseases are accelerating because of climate change and urbanization to create new clusters of vast urban areas beset by poverty and environmental degradation. These hot and contaminated megacities could enable the rise of parasitic and other tropical infections. A new generation of antiparasitic vaccines will be needed.

Durability of response of UGN-101: Longitudinal follow up of multicenter study.

Purpose: UGN-101, a reverse thermal mitomycin gel for upper tract instillation, recently became the first FDA approved treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, the durability of UGN-101 treatment has not been well described. Here we present long term outcomes from our multi-institutional cohort for patients who initially responded to treatment.

Dyad leadership blueprint: nine strategies for effective collaboration.

Background/aim: The physician-administrator dyads are a strategic method of collaboration in healthcare organisations. Dyad leaders are part of a multidisciplinary team that integrates their expertise to generate better patient, physician, and organisational outcomes. An assumption of team science is that diverse experts, while knowledgeable, struggle to work together to resolve problems because of their vastly different decision-making and implementation strategies.

Exploring Mixed Reality for Patient Education in Cerebral Angiograms: A Pilot Study.

Background: Cerebral aneurysms (CAs) affect 3-5% of the general population, with saccular aneurysms being the most common type. Despite advances in treatment, patient understanding of CAs and associated procedures remains limited, impacting informed consent and treatment outcomes.

Objectives: This pilot study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mixed reality (MR) technology in enhancing patient education and understanding of cerebral angiograms and aneurysm treatment, thereby improving the patient-surgeon communication process.

Vagus nerve stimulation rescues impaired fear extinction and social interaction in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder.

Clinical diagnosis of anxiety disorders is highly prevalent in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Available treatments for anxiety offer limited efficacy in the ASD population. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has an anxiolytic effect in rats and, when coupled with fear extinction training, VNS enhances extinction of fear in healthy rats.

Low socioeconomic status adversely affects outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objectives: Although socioeconomic status (SES) is believed to affect patient outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), readmission data are sparse. In a national cohort, we analyzed the influence of SES on readmission, resource utilization, and mortality after CABG.

Methods: We queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database to identify patients who underwent isolated CABG from January 2016 through December 2018.

Exploring the Psychosocial Domain of the Social Determinants of Learning™ Framework: Predictors of Perceived Stress and Resilience in Prenursing Students.

Background: The Social Determinants of Learning™ framework can be used to conceptualize the influence of psychosocial health among students applying to nursing programs. Little is known about variables that may influence psychosocial health in these students.

Purpose: To describe demographic and mental health variables that predict perceived stress and resilience levels in accelerated online prenursing students.

Implementation of artificial intelligence approaches in oncology clinical trials: A systematic review.

Introduction: There is a growing interest in leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to enhance various aspects of clinical trials. The goal of this systematic review is to assess the impact of implementing AI approaches on different aspects of oncology clinical trials.

Methods: Pertinent keywords were used to find relevant articles published in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, which described the clinical application of AI approaches.

Parenting Stress in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystemic genetic disorder with clinical variability. As the needs of children with TSC may differ, parenting demands may similarly differ. Characterizing parenting stress, or emotional maladaptation from parenting duties, can enable health care providers to assist parents of children with TSC.

Audible tremor: Analysis of the validity of audible information in assessing tremor severity.

Introduction: Assessing the severity of kinetic tremor is important in clinical and research settings. Archimedes spirals are often used to assess tremor severity. Rating tremor from spirals has been based solely on visual information.

Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma in the nonagenarian population.

Background: The estimated incidence of chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH) in the general population is projected to nearly double over the next decade, likely making it the most commonly treated cranial neurosurgical condition in adults by 2030. We investigated the outcomes of middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAe) as either a primary or adjunctive treatment for cSDH in nonagenarian patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients 90 years of age or older treated with middle meningeal artery embolization for cSDH from 2018 to 2024 at two academic institutions.

Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characterization of NUP98-Rearranged Acute Leukemias.

Introduction: NUP98 rearrangements are rare in acute leukemias and portend a poor prognosis.

Methods: This study explored clinicopathologic and molecular features of five patients with NUP98 rearranged (NUP98-r) acute leukemias, including three females and two males with a median age of 34 years.

Results: NUP98 fusion partners were associated with distinctive leukemia characteristics and biology.

Letetresgene Autoleucel in Advanced/Metastatic Myxoid/Round Cell Liposarcoma.

Purpose: The cancer/testis antigen New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a promising target in myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS).

Methods: In this pilot study, we assessed the adoptive T-cell therapy NY-ESO-1cT letetresgene autoleucel (lete-cel) in patients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01-, HLA-A*02:05-, and/or HLA-A*02:06-positive advanced/metastatic NY-ESO-1-expressing MRCLS. Patients underwent a reduced-dose (cohort 1) or standard-dose (cohort 2) lymphodepletion regimen (LDR).

Association of Polygenic Risk Score for 5 Diseases With Alzheimer Disease Progression, Biomarkers, and Amyloid Deposition.

Background And Objectives: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, obesity, depression, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increase AD risk and progression. This study aimed to examine the genetic predisposition to these conditions and their effect on AD pathophysiology, risk, and progression.

ENHANCEMENT OF CIRRHOSIS MORTALITY PREDICTION BY INCLUDING HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY TO MELD3.0 IN A NATIONAL VETERAN COHORT.

Despite negative outcomes, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is not included in model-for-end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores, including MELD3.0. In a national Veterans affairs (VA) database, we studied the additive mortality predictive impact of a documented inpatient overt HE diagnosis on MELD3.

Recent Advances in Ozone Photochemistry: A Lambda Doublet Propensity and Spin-Forbidden Channels.

Recent studies on ozone photodissociation in the Hartley and Huggins bands have provided new insights into the dissociation dynamics and product state distributions. A Λ-doublet propensity in the photodissociation has been identified through experiment and theory as the origin of the oscillatory O(a1Δ) rotational distributions and provides a promising diagnostic for determining the relative contributions of 3' and 3″ states in Huggins band spin-forbidden processes. Recent experiments on spin-forbidden dissociation have provided detailed information about the vibrational and rotational distributions of the O products and the branching ratios between the O electronic states, serving as a motivation for high-level theory.

Survivorship After Cardiogenic Shock.

Advances in critical care therapies for patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), including temporary mechanical circulatory support and multidisciplinary shock teams, have led to improved survival to hospital discharge, ranging from 60% to 70%. After their index hospitalization, however, survivors of CS may continue to face cardiac as well as extracardiac sequelae of these therapies and complications for years to come. Most studies in CS have focused primarily on survival, with limited data on long-term recovery measures among survivors.

Navigating the Discussion of Mental Illness With Korean Americans.

Korean Americans have one of the highest rates of depression of the Asian subgroups in the United States, and they have culture-related factors that affect their mental health. It is important for health care providers to understand the cultural considerations of Korean Americans to better address their mental health. This review article delves into the pertinent cultural practices of Korean Americans for navigating discussions of mental health.

Manipulating Fano Coupling in an Opto-Thermoelectric Field.

Fano resonances in photonics arise from the coupling and interference between two resonant modes in structures with broken symmetry. They feature an uneven and narrow and tunable lineshape and are ideally suited for optical spectroscopy. Many Fano resonance structures have been suggested in nanophotonics over the last ten years, but reconfigurability and tailored design remain challenging.

Treatment of Denervated Muscle Atrophy by Injectable Dual-Responsive Hydrogels Loaded with Extracellular Vesicles.

Denervated muscle atrophy, a common outcome of nerve injury, often results in irreversible fibrosis due to the limited effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions. While extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer promise for treating muscle atrophy, their therapeutic potential is hindered by challenges in delivery and bioactivity within the complex microenvironment of the injury site. To address this issue, an injectable hydrogel is developed that is responsive to both ultrasound and pH, with inherent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, designed to improve the targeted delivery of stem cell-derived EVs.

Impaired axonal transport contributes to neurodegeneration in a Cre-inducible mouse model of myocilin-associated glaucoma.

Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) due to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction, leading to neurodegeneration, is the pathological hallmark of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Impaired axonal transport is an early and critical feature of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. However, a robust mouse model that accurately replicates these human POAG features has been lacking.

Sex dimorphism in the mouse bone marrow niche regulates hematopoietic engraftment via sex-specific Kdm5c/Cxcl12 signaling.

The bone marrow (BM) niche is critical in regulating hematopoiesis, and sexual dimorphism and its underlying mechanism in BM niche and its impact on hematopoiesis are not well understood. We show that male mice exhibited a higher abundance of leptin-receptor-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells (LepR-MSCs) compared to female mice. Sex-mismatched co-culture and BM transplantation showed that the male BM niche provided superior support for in vitro colony formation and in vivo hematopoietic engraftment.