Pareto in Prison.

The Pareto principle is based on the concept that roughly 80% of outcomes are generated by 20% of inputs, efforts, or contributors within a group. Using a national sample of U.S.

Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Treatment Practices and Outcomes Prior to Pediatric American Thyroid Association Guidelines Implementation.

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common pediatric thyroid malignancy, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) representing 90% of the cases. In 2015, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) developed management guidelines for pediatric DTC.

Procedure: Patients less than 21 years of age diagnosed with DTC between 2000 and 2015 at Texas Children's Hospital, Seattle Children's Hospital, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Children's Hospital Colorado, and Nationwide Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate treatment practices before the implementation of the ATA guidelines.

Reproducible, Scale-Up Production of Human Brain Organoids (HBOs) on a Pillar Plate Platform via Spheroid Transfer.

Human brain organoids (HBOs) derived from pluripotent stem cells hold great potential for disease modeling and high-throughput compound screening, given their structural and functional resemblance to fetal brain tissues. These organoids can mimic early stages of brain development, offering a valuable in vitro model to study both normal and disordered neurodevelopment. However, current methods of generating HBOs are often low throughput and variable in organoid differentiation and involve lengthy, labor-intensive processes, limiting their broader application in both academic and industrial research.

Reproducible, Scale-Up Production of Human Liver Organoids (HLOs) on a Pillar Plate Platform via Microarray 3D Bioprinting.

Human liver organoids (HLOs) derived from pluripotent stem cells hold potential for disease modeling and high-throughput compound screening due to their architectural and functional resemblance to human liver tissues. However, reproducible, scale-up production of HLOs for high-throughput screening (HTS) presents challenges. These include the high costs of additives and growth factors required for cell differentiation, variability in organoid size and function from batch to batch, suboptimal maturity of HLOs compared to primary hepatocytes, and low assay throughput due to excessive manual processes and the absence of assay-ready plates with HLOs.

Incorporating Stakeholder Voices into Data Dashboards: A Qualitative Study of the State of Texas Mental Health Dashboard.

The U.S. mental health crisis requires new tools to address mental healthcare needs.

Comparison of two point-of-care lung ultrasound techniques and their associated outcomes for bronchiolitis in the pediatric emergency department.

Background: Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Clinician diagnosis and management vary due to limited objective assessment tools. Point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) offers a promising diagnostic and prognostic tool in the emergency department (ED), however, the time to perform LUS is of concern in the emergency setting.

Insights into the Role of the Glymphatic System in the Pathogenesis of Post-hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus.

Recently, it has been well-established that the glymphatic or glial-lymphatic system plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of various neurological compromise, especially hydrocephalus (HCP). Till now, the complete pathway is not yet fully understood, and little evidence is available from the literature that links hydrocephalus to disorders of the glymphatic system. Most published molecular studies and animal research have shown that, in models with hydrocephalus, the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the glymphatic system is disrupted.

Assessing the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound for pediatric hepato-pancreatico-biliary disorders: a systematic review.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (US) has been established as a safe diagnostic tool for adults, but its use in children remains underexplored. The rising prevalence of pediatric hepato-pancreato-biliary disorders requires a closer examination of its utility. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and clinical impact of endoscopic US in the pediatric population, concentrating on its diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic applications.

Speech, Language and Non-verbal Communication in CLN2 and CLN3 Batten Disease.

CLN2 and CLN3 diseases, the most common types of Batten disease (also known as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis), are childhood dementias associated with progressive loss of speech, language and feeding skills. Here we delineate speech, language, non-verbal communication and feeding phenotypes in 33 individuals (19 females) with a median age of 9.5 years (range 3-28 years); 16 had CLN2 and 17 CLN3 disease; 8/15 (53%) participants with CLN2 and 8/17 (47%) participants with CLN3 disease had speech and language impairments prior to genetic diagnosis.

Dynamic Culture of Bioprinted Liver Tumor Spheroids in a Pillar/Perfusion Plate for Predictive Screening of Anticancer Drugs.

Recent advancements in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, such as cell spheroids, organoids, and 3D bioprinted tissue constructs, have significantly improved the physiological relevance of in vitro models. These models better mimic tissue structure and function, closely emulating in vivo characteristics and enhancing phenotypic analysis, critical for basic research and drug screening in personalized cancer therapy. Despite their potential, current 3D cell culture platforms face technical challenges, which include user-unfriendliness in long-term dynamic cell culture, incompatibility with rapid cell encapsulation in biomimetic hydrogels, and low throughput for compound screening.

Associations of KRAS Point Mutations with Survival of Patients Who Underwent Curative-Intent Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background: The oncologic significance of specific KRAS point mutations for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM) is uncertain. This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of KRAS point mutations on patients who underwent surgery for CLM.

Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for CLM from 2001 to 2020 were selected for the study.

Disparities in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Hospital Encounters Amongst a Texas-Based Cohort of Patients.

Introduction: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) disproportionately impacts men, racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals of low socioeconomic status; however, it's unclear how recent increases in ALD burden have impacted these disparities. We aimed to describe trends in racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in alcohol-associated hospital encounters.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult hospital encounters with alcohol-associated diagnoses from three health systems between January 2016 and December 2021.

Estimated Burden of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in US Adults, 2020 to 2050.

Importance: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is projected to become the leading indication for liver transplant (LT) in the US. Understanding its clinical burden can help to identify opportunities for prevention and treatment.

Objective: To project the burden of MASLD in US adults from 2020 to 2050.

Delivering Guideline-Concordant Care for Patients With High-Risk HPV and Normal Cytologic Findings.

Importance: As US health care systems shift to human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical cancer screening, more patients are receiving positive high-risk non-16/18 genotype HPV results and negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cytological findings. Risk-based management guidelines recommend 2 consecutive negative annual results to return to routine screening.

Objective: To quantify patterns of surveillance testing and associated outcomes for patients after an HPV-positive results and NILM cytologic findings.

Resetting of the Human Circadian Melatonin Rhythm by Ambient Hypoxia.

Circadian clocks in the body drive daily cycles in physiology and behavior. A master clock in the brain maintains synchrony with the environmental day-night cycle and uses internal signals to keep clocks in other tissues aligned. Work in cell cultures uncovered cyclic changes in tissue oxygenation that may serve to reset and synchronize circadian clocks.

Axial Growth and Myopia Progression After Discontinuing Soft Multifocal Contact Lens Wear.

Importance: For myopia control to be beneficial, it would be important that the benefit of treatment (slowed eye growth) is not lost because of faster than normal growth (rebound) after discontinuing treatment.

Objective: To determine whether there is a loss of treatment effect (rebound) after discontinuing soft multifocal contact lenses in children with myopia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Bifocal Lenses in Nearsighted Kids 2 (BLINK2) cohort study involved children with myopia (aged 11-17 years at BLINK2 baseline) who completed the BLINK Study randomized clinical trial.

Real World Data in Stage III Melanoma in Latino Low Middle Income Country: Prognostic Factors and Outcomes.

Introduction: Malignant melanoma is a heterogeneous disease, with varying outcomes depending on the patient's race and ethnicity. Advanced stages can be tackled by novel targeted therapies and immunotherapy. We aimed to investigate the real-world data in Latino-Hispanic patients diagnosed with Stage III melanoma residing in Peru, a region marked by limited resources and healthcare infrastructure.

Risk Profile and Prognostic Implications of Premature Advanced Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease Among Young to Early Middle-aged Adults: The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium.

Introduction: Premature advanced subclinical coronary atherosclerosis among young adults is an under-recognized and unique disease phenotype that has not been well characterized.

Methods: We used data from 44,047 participants with no prior CVD history (59.8% male) from the Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Consortium.

The differential impacts of equivalent gating-charge mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels.

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are pivotal for cellular signaling, and mutations in Nav channels can lead to excitability disorders in cardiac, muscular, and neural tissues. A major cluster of pathological mutations localizes in the voltage-sensing domains (VSDs), resulting in either gain-of-function, loss-of-function effects, or both. However, the mechanism behind this functional diversity of mutations at equivalent positions remains elusive.

Mercury toxicity resulting from enzyme alterations- minireview.

Mercury is widely known for its detrimental effects on living organisms, whether in its elemental or bonded states. Recent comparative studies have shed light on the biochemical implications of mercury ingestion, both in low, persistent concentrations and in elevated acute dosages. Studies have presented models that elucidate how mercury disrupts healthy cells.

1-Methylxanthine enhances memory and neurotransmitter levels.

1-Methylxanthine (1-MX) is the major metabolite of caffeine and paraxanthine and might contribute to their activity. 1-MX is an adenosine receptor antagonist and increases the release and survivability of neurotransmitters; however, no study has addressed the potential physiological effects of 1-MX ingestion. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 1-MX on memory and related biomarkers in rats compared to control.

Longitudinal host transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults with extremely high viral load.

Current understanding of viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and host responses driving the pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study to investigate gene expression patterns during acute SARS-CoV-2 illness. Cases included SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with extremely high viral loads early in their illness, individuals having low SARS-CoV-2 viral loads early in their infection, and individuals testing negative for SARS-CoV-2.