Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis: Clinical associations, outcomes, and proposed diagnostic criteria.

Objective: We describe neurologic phenotype, clinical associations, and outcomes in autoimmune brainstem encephalitis.

Methods: Medical records of neural-IgG positive autoimmune brainstem encephalitis patients diagnosed at Mayo Clinic (January 1, 2006-December 31, 2022) were reviewed.

Results: Ninety-eight patients (57 male) were included.

COVID-19-sensitive tumour response: 2-year assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 humoral response in cancer patients in oncology hospital in Poland.

Unlabelled: Vaccination has been considered the most crucial defence against viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Numerous reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of the above vaccines in oncological patients. It has also been proven that, apart from vaccinations and oncological therapy, the course of the cancer process itself influences the magnitude of the humoral response, especially in people after infection with SARS-CoV-2.

The New Tumour Biomarker miRNA-371-3p Influences Cisplatin Sensitivity of Testicular Germ Cell Tumour Cell Lines.

Cisplatin is used to treat a variety of malignancies, including testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy yields high response rates, a subset of patients develop cisplatin resistance, limiting treatment options and worsening prognosis. Therefore, there is a high clinical need for new therapeutic strategies targeting cisplatin-resistant TGCTs.

Surgical management of testicular cancer with limited retroperitoneal disease.

Purpose Of Review: Chemotherapy offers excellent long-term survival rates for men with clinical stage II germ cell tumours. However, in this predominantly younger population, chemotherapy is associated with long-term adverse effects. Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) may serve as an alternative treatment option, preserving oncological safety while potentially reducing adverse effects in men with limited retroperitoneal disease.

Histone variant H3.5 in testicular cell differentiation and its interactions with histone chaperones.

Testicular cell differentiation is a highly regulated process, essential for male reproductive health. The histone variant H3.5 is apparently a critical player in this intricate orchestra of cell types, but its regulation and function remains poorly understood.

Longitudinal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Survivors of Testicular Germ Cell Tumor.

Background And Objective: Survivors of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) may experience long-term cognitive changes. The aim of our prospective study was to longitudinally assess cognitive function among TGCT survivors to identify potential lasting cognitive changes over a period of 5 yr.

Methods: TGCT survivors (n = 151) completed Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function (FACT-Cog) questionnaires annually, with median time to first follow-up visit (FUV) of 8 (range 4-24) yr since completion of treatment.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma and DICER1-related tumor predisposition: from clinicopathologic observations to clinical trial.

Purpose Of Review: Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare primary lung neoplasm of infancy and childhood. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent developments in our understanding of PPB and research strategies to facilitate future rare cancer research.

Recent Findings: The International PPB/DICER1 Registry has recently assembled the largest-ever cohorts of type I and Ir PPB and type II and III PPB.

A Rare Case of an Aggressive Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Following Testicular Torsion.

Testicular cancer is one of the leading malignancies affecting young men, with germ cell tumors (GCTs) being the most prevalent type. These tumors are classified into two main subtypes: seminomas and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), with the latter known for their higher likelihood of metastasis. Early detection through imaging and tumor markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is crucial for favorable outcomes.

Contemporary surgical management of testicular seminoma.

Testicular cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among young men in the United States. Seminoma comprises a little over half of all testicular germ cell neoplasms. After radial inguinal orchiectomy, management of seminoma is dictated by tumor stage and risk stratification.

[Testicular seminoma revealed by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism].

We report the case of a 39-year-old patient who complains about loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. Hormonal diagnosis revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism suggesting a primitive testicular cause. Testicular examination, testicular ultrasounds and abdomen-pelvis CT scan made it possible to suspect a right testicular tumor.

Changes in essential cancer medicines and association with cancer outcomes: an observational study of 158 countries.

Background: Cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and differences in cancer mortality rates between countries are, in part, due to differences in access to cancer care, including medicines. National essential medicines lists (NEMLs) play a role in prioritization of healthcare expenditure and access to medicines. We examined the association between amenable cancer mortality and listing medicines used in the management of eight cancers (non-melanoma skin, uterine, breast, Hodgkin lymphoma, colon, leukemia, cervical, and testicular) in national essential medicines lists of 158 countries and summarized changes to the inclusion of cancer treatments in NEMLs.

Teratoma Development in 129.MOLF-Chr19 Mice Elicits Two Waves of Immune Cell Infiltration.

Teratomas are a highly differentiated type of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), the most common type of solid cancer in young men. Prominent inflammatory infiltrates are a hallmark of TGCTs, although their compositions and dynamics in teratomas remain elusive. Here, we reached out to characterize the infiltrating immune cells and their activation and polarization state by using high-throughput gene expression analysis of 129.

Riluzole Reverses Blood-Testis Barrier Loss to Rescue Chemotherapy-Induced Male Infertility by Binding to TRPC.

Cancer treatments, including cytotoxic therapy, often result in male infertility, necessitating the development of safe and effective strategies to preserve male reproductive potential during chemotherapy. Notably, our study uncovers the potential of repurposing riluzole, an FDA-approved drug for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in enhancing spermatogenesis. Hence, this research aims to explore the feasibility of utilizing riluzole to alleviate male infertility induced by busulfan (BSF), a commonly used chemotherapy drug.

Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis Testis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management. A Comprehensive Review, 1982-2024.

Background: Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis (MTVT) is an extremely rare and aggressive cancer. The diagnosis and management of MTVT is complex, and no standard treatment protocol is available.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review from 1 January 1982 to 14 March 2024 using PubMed to collect all the available case reports and case series.

MicroRNAs in seminal plasma are able to discern infertile men at increased risk of developing testicular cancer.

Male infertility is a risk factor for the development of testicular germ cell tumors. In this study, we investigated microRNA profiles in seminal plasma to identify potential noninvasive biomarkers able to discriminate the men at highest risk of developing cancer among the infertile population. We compared the microRNA profiles of individuals affected by testicular germ cell tumors and healthy individuals with normal or impaired spermiograms using high-throughput technology and confirmed the results by single-assay digital PCR.

Perception, knowledge, and factors influencing Saudi nursing students toward practicing testicular self-examination: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Testicular cancer poses a substantial health burden globally, and early detection through testicular self-examination (TSE) is vital for improving prognosis. The study aims to assess the perception, awareness, knowledge, and factors associated with TSE among Saudi nursing students.

Materials And Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 418 participants.

Lab-based semen parameters as predictors of long-term health in men-a systematic review.

Study Question: Can semen parameters predict long-term health outcomes in men?

Summary Answer: There is a lack of evidence to suggest a higher risk of comorbidities in men with poor semen concentration.

What Is Known Already: Male infertility has been long associated with a higher mortality risk and possibly higher chance of developing comorbidities but there has been less focus on semen analysis as a potential predictive factor.

Study Design Size Duration: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EBM databases from inception to December 2023.

PARP inhibitors in testicular germ cell tumors: what we know and what we are looking for.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), the most common malignancies affecting young men, are characterized by high sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which leads to high cure rates even in metastatic disease. However, approximately 30% of patients with metastatic TGCTs relapse after first-line treatment and those who can be defined as platinum-refractory patients face a very dismal prognosis with only limited chemotherapy-based treatment options and an overall survival of few months. Hence, to understand the mechanisms underlying cisplatin resistance is crucial for developing new treatment strategies.

Transformation of a Testicular Teratoma to an Aggressive Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor.

We present a case of a 36-year-old male found to have a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) with alpha-fetoprotein levels (AFP) of 737.9 ng/mL and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) of 692 IU/mL. Pathology analysis after left orchiectomy showed a mixed germ cell tumor with 20% embryonal carcinoma, 20% yolk sac tumor, and 60% teratoma.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease of the testis masquerading as a testicular mass: a clinical dilemma.

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a rare immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disorder with many clinical manifestations. Most commonly affected sites include the pancreas, salivary glands, kidneys, lachrymal glands, biliary tree, aorta and retroperitoneum; testicular involvement is a rare entity. This report describes a man in his 20s who presented with a persistent painless mass in his left testis.

Illuminating the use of photodynamic therapy in urologic oncology.

Introduction: We report the first scoping review of the clinical urologic literature for photodynamic therapy (PDT) among multiple urologic malignancies.

Materials And Methods: A scoping review using Medline and Embase was performed for treatment of urologic malignancies with PDT.

Results: There were 84 papers included with the majority involving bladder and prostate cancer.

THE OUTCOMES OF ONCO-TESE AT THE TIME OF RADICAL ORCHIECTOMY.

Objectives: To evaluate outcomes of onco-testis sperm extraction (TESE) and to define potential predictors of successful surgical sperm retrieval (SSR).

Methods: For this study, we examined all men (i) diagnosed with a testicular mass, (ii) who had azoospermia, and (iii) who underwent a radical orchiectomy and onco-TESE. Our institutional database of testicular cancer (TCA) patients was reviewed.

Navigating an uncertain future: a qualitative study exploring thoughts about fertility and oncofertility counseling among young men with cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the thoughts and experiences of young men with cancer regarding the risk of infertility and the oncofertility counseling they received at diagnosis and during their cancer trajectory.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from October 2023 to February 2024 at the Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet. Inclusion criteria were male adolescents and young adults with cancer aged 15-29 years.

The Role of Radiotherapy in Hematologic Malignancies in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Hematologic cancers in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult populations include a diverse spectrum of malignancies. The cornerstone of treatment is multiagent chemotherapy. While radiation therapy (RT) is highly effective and played a pivotal role historically, its use has evolved.