A Case of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With Retinal Hemorrhages Beneath Internal Limiting Membrane During Clinical Remission.

Leukemia is a systematic cancer of the blood and blood-forming tissues that affects multiple organs. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia that affects adults. Ophthalmic manifestations of leukemia could be observed in both acute and chronic leukemias.

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome causing a terson like syndrome.

Purpose: Terson syndrome presents with retinal and vitreous hemorrhages in patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage or after acutely elevated intracranial pressure. The source of this hemorrhage has been debated and may originate either from direct extension of intracranial hemorrhage or more likely from the peripapillary retinal vessels.

Observations: A 39-year-old woman presenting with nausea, vomiting, floaters and papilledema with normal neuroimaging was diagnosed ultimately with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage-negative Terson syndrome after intracranial artery treatment with a flow diverter device.

Purpose: To report a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage-negative Terson syndrome following intracranial artery treatment with flow diverter stents.

Observations: A 40-year-old Asian woman presented with floaters in her right eye after treatment of an intracranial aneurysm with flow diverter stents. Vitreous hemorrhage and sub-inner limiting membrane (sub-ILM) hemorrhage were present in her right eye.

Unilateral Terson-Like Syndrome in a Patient With a Perinatal Ischemic Stroke.

Terson syndrome typically presents with bilateral hemorrhagic retinopathy associated with acute intracranial bleeding. The authors present a case of neonatal hemispheric ischemic stroke with vasogenic edema and increased intracranial pressure creating a unilateral Terson-like syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated congenital occlusion of the left internal carotid artery, among other vascular abnormalities.

Ocular Fundus Abnormalities in Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The FOTO-ICU Study.

Background: Ocular fundus abnormalities, especially intraocular hemorrhage, may represent a clinically useful prognostic marker in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Objective: To evaluate associations between ocular fundus abnormalities and clinical outcomes in acute SAH.

Methods: Prospective evaluation of acute SAH patients with ocular fundus photography at bedside.

Ultrasound diagnosis of Terson syndrome as an indicator of extreme severity in neurocritical care patients.

Introduction: Terson syndrome (TS) is defined as any intraocular haemorrhage identified in patients with acute intracranial pathology. TS appears to be associated with clinical severity in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), but the association is yet to be defined in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ocular ultrasound (OU) and its usefulness in clinical practice.

Vitelliform Vitreoretinopathy: Clinical Implications of the Vitreomacular Interface.

Pathologies of the vitreomacular interface are implicated in a variety of sight-threatening clinical entities. The authors present a photo essay of a case of Terson syndrome with a striking premacular dehemoglobinized hemorrhage with ovoid morphology. This unique "vitelliform" finding highlights the distinct structure of the premacular vitreous space and its important implications in both health and disease.

Clinical observations and considerations in the treatment of Terson syndrome using 23G vitrectomy.

Purpose: This retrospective study analyzed the results of 23G vitrectomy for the treatment of intraocular hemorrhage in patients with Terson syndrome. The pathogenesis of Terson syndrome and the timing of vitrectomy are discussed.

Methods: Eight eyes of eight patients were included in the study.

Henle fibre layer haemorrhage: clinical features and pathogenesis.

Background: To describe the clinical presentation and characteristic imaging features of deep retinal haemorrhages primarily located in the Henle fibre layer (HFL) of the macula. The spectrum of aetiologies and a comprehensive theory of pathogenesis are presented.

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicentre case series evaluating eyes with retinal haemorrhage in HFL.

Clinical Applications of Ultrasonography in Neurocritically Ill Patients.

Ultrasonography is part of the multimodal monitoring of the neurocritical patient. Through transcranial color Doppler ultrasound, carotid-color Doppler ultrasound, and ocular ultrasound it is possible to diagnose and monitor a multitude of pathological conditions, such as cerebrovascular events, vasospasm, Terson syndrome, carotid atheromatosis, and brain death. Furthermore, these techniques enable the monitoring of the intracranial pressure, the cerebral perfusion pressure, and the midline deviation, which allows us to understand the patient's neurocritical pathology at their bedside, in a noninvasive way.

Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic Terson syndrome in the patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Aim: To investigate clinical characteristics of asymptomatic Terson syndrome and its clinical impact in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: This retrospective, interventional study included 31 patients with aneurysmal SAH, and the medical records were reviewed. In addition to baseline characteristics of the study population such as age, sex, and underlying medical history, multi-modal imaging analysis, including fluorescein angiography (FA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), were also reviewed.

Microsurgical observation of the posterior vitreous in patients with vitreous hemorrhage caused by Terson syndrome.

Purpose: To describe features characteristic of vitreous hemorrhage in patients with Terson syndrome observed through a microsurgical scope.

Methods: Between May 2015 and February 2019, 12 eyes of 10 patients with vitreous hemorrhage occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) underwent pars plana vitrectomy.

Results: During vitreous surgery, we found 10 of 12 eyes did not have posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Terson syndrome with persistent vitreous hemorrhage following traumatic brain injury.

The objective of this study was to report clinical findings and surgical outcomes of 3 patients with persistent vitreous hemorrhage diagnosed as Terson syndrome (TS). Posterior segment changes, optical coherence tomography scans, fundus autofluorescence images, and fundus fluorescein angiography findings of patients were evaluated and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed on 3 eyes of three patients. All eyes operated after 6 months from the date of injury and final visual acuities were 20/200, 20/60 and 20/30.

Incidence of Terson Syndrome in Treated Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in South Korea: a National Health Insurance Database Study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence and mortality of Terson syndrome in patients with treated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in South Korea. In this nationwide, population-based study, we used the National Health Insurance(NHI) database (2011-2015) to identify patients aged ≥18 years. Newly diagnosed non-traumatic SAH, treated using clipping or coil embolization, were identified, and Terson syndrome was defined as newly diagnosed retinal or vitreous hemorrhage within 3 months of SAH diagnosis.

Point-of-care handheld ophthalmic ultrasound in the diagnosis and evaluation of raised intracranial pressure and Terson syndrome: a description of two cases.

Background: Ultrasound (US) examination of the eye can be used to detect and monitor elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and its consequences. Elevated ICP is transmitted to the contiguous optic nerve and its sheath (dura mater), thus underlying the development of papilledema and a widened sheath diameter. The US measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has previously been validated to diagnose and monitor raised ICP.

Histopathological Changes and Clinical Outcomes following Intervention for Sub-Internal Limiting Membrane Haemorrhage.

Introduction: Haemorrhage confined to the sub-internal limiting membrane (ILM) space can be associated with good visual recovery. There is controversy as to the best management of purely sub-ILM haemorrhage, which ranges from observation to immediate surgical intervention.

Methods: We studied a retrospective case series of patients with sub-ILM haemorrhage who underwent vitrectomy with subsequent histological analysis of the removed ILM.

Can Baseline Computed Tomography Scans Be Used to Identify Patients at High Risk of Vision Loss due to Terson Syndrome?

Purpose: To determine if routinely performed computed tomographic (CT) scanning in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages (aSAHs) is sufficient to identify patients at high risk of vision loss due to Terson syndrome (TS).

Methods: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of aSAH admitted to the neurologic intensive care unit of a regional referral hospital over a 3-year period were prospectively evaluated. Head CT scans performed in the emergency department were assessed for the presence of a "crescent sign" (evidence of significant subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhage).