Experience of urologists, oncologists and nurse practitioners with mainstream genetic testing in metastatic prostate cancer.

Background: International guidelines recommend germline genetic testing for men with metastatic prostate cancer. If offered to all patients by genetic healthcare professionals, there will be insufficient capacity to cope with the high patient numbers. In a mainstreaming pathway, non-genetic healthcare professionals (ngHCPs) discuss and order germline genetic testing instead of referring patients to genetic healthcare professionals.

Assessing accuracy of ChatGPT in response to questions from day to day pharmaceutical care in hospitals.

Background: The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT introduces opportunities within the medical field. Nonetheless, use of LLM poses a risk when healthcare practitioners and patients present clinical questions to these programs without a comprehensive understanding of its suitability for clinical contexts.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess ChatGPT's ability to generate appropriate responses to clinical questions that hospital pharmacists could encounter during routine patient care.

Polyp size measurement during colonoscopy using a virtual scale: variability and systematic differences.

BACKGROUND : Accurate polyp size measurement is important for polyp risk stratification and decision-making regarding polypectomy and surveillance. Recently, a virtual scale (VS) function has been developed that allows polyp size measurement through projection of an adaptive VS onto colorectal polyps during real-time endoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the VS in terms of variability and systematic differences.

Association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and its risk factors and long-term outcomes in three definitions: a historical cohort study.

Objective: To compare the association of the severity categories of the 2001-National Institutes of Health (NIH), the 2018-NIH and the 2019-Jensen bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) definitions with neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes at 2 and 5 years' corrected age (CA), and several BPD risk factors.

Design: Single-centre historical cohort study with retrospective data collection.

Setting: Infants born between 2009 and 2015 at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Amsterdam Medical Center.

Performance of ChatGPT on Factual Knowledge Questions Regarding Clinical Pharmacy.

ChatGPT is a language model that was trained on a large dataset including medical literature. Several studies have described the performance of ChatGPT on medical exams. In this study, we examine its performance in answering factual knowledge questions regarding clinical pharmacy.

Hysterosalpingo-foam sonography versus hysterosalpingography during fertility work-up: an economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial.

Study Question: What are the costs and effects of tubal patency testing by hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) compared to hysterosalpingography (HSG) in infertile women during the fertility work-up?

Summary Answer: During the fertility work-up, clinical management based on the test results of HyFoSy leads to slightly lower, though not statistically significant, live birth rates, at lower costs, compared to management based on HSG results.

What Is Known Already: Traditionally, tubal patency testing during the fertility work-up is performed by HSG. The FOAM trial, formally a non-inferiority study, showed that management decisions based on the results of HyFoSy resulted in a comparable live birth rate at 12 months compared to HSG (46% versus 47%; difference -1.

Poor performance of ChatGPT in clinical rule-guided dose interventions in hospitalized patients with renal dysfunction.

Purpose: Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are used to identify drugs with potential need for dose modification in patients with renal impairment. ChatGPT holds the potential to be integrated in the electronic health record (EHR) system to give such dosing advices. In this study, we aim to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in clinical rule-guided dose interventions in hospitalized patients with renal impairment.

Development and Validation of the Scoring System of Appendicitis Severity 2.0.

Importance: When considering nonoperative treatment in a patient with acute appendicitis, it is crucial to accurately rule out complicated appendicitis. The Atema score, also referred to as the Scoring System of Appendicitis Severity (SAS), has been designed to differentiate between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis but has not been prospectively externally validated.

Objective: To externally validate the SAS and, in case of failure, to develop an improved SAS (2.

A Prospective Randomised Trial to Determine the Effect of a Reduced Versus Standard Dose of Enzalutamide on Side Effects in Frail Patients with Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: Enzalutamide is a potent androgen receptor signalling inhibitor, effectively used for the treatment of different stages of prostate cancer. Side effects occur frequently at the registered dose, whilst a lower dose might be equally effective. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of a reduced dose of enzalutamide on side effects in frail patients with prostate cancer.

Diagnosis-linked antibiotic prescribing quality indicators: demonstrating feasibility using practice-based routine primary care data, reliability, validity and their potential in antimicrobial stewardship.

Background: Quality indicators (QIs) can be used to obtain valuable insights into prescribing quality. Five quantitative and nine diagnosis-linked QIs, aiming to provide general practitioners (GP) with feedback on their antibiotic prescribing quantity and quality, were previously developed and evaluated in a controlled study.

Objective: To confirm, in a larger non-controlled study, the feasibility of using routinely collected and extracted electronic patient records to calculate the diagnosis-linked QI outcomes for antibiotic prescribing, and their reliability and validity.

Treatment Patterns of Cancer-associated Thrombosis in the Netherlands: The Four Cities Study.

 Current guidelines recommend either low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as first-line treatment in cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE).  This study aimed to investigate treatment regimens for cancer-associated VTE over the past 5 years, explore predictors for initial treatment (LMWH vs. DOAC), and to assess the risks of recurrent VTE and bleeding.

Diagnostic accuracy of doctors at the emergency department and radiologists in differentiating between complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis.

Purpose: To determine the accuracy of final judgements of doctors at the emergency department (ED) and radiologists to differentiate between complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis, because these have different treatment options.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter study included adult patients with imaging-confirmed acute appendicitis, operated with intention to appendectomy. Both doctors at ED and radiologists assessed appendicitis severity as a final judgement of "uncomplicated" or "complicated" appendicitis.

Two Days Versus Five Days of Postoperative Antibiotics for Complex Appendicitis: Cost Analysis of a Randomized, Noninferiority Trial.

Objective: To compare costs for 2 days versus 5 days of postoperative antibiotics within the antibiotics after an aPPendectomy In Complex appendicitis trial.Background:Recent studies suggest that restrictive antibiotic use leads to a significant reduction in hospital stays without compromising patient safety. Its potential effect on societal costs remains underexplored.

Using Coronary Artery Calcium Score as Diagnostic Tool in Symptomatic Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients in a Real-Life Setting.

Background: The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score can be used to increase (CAC score > 0) or decrease (CAC score = 0) the likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD). We compared the CAC score with the pre-test probability (PTP) for CAD (low, intermediate, and high). Furthermore, we compared the CAC score with exercise electrocardiography (ECG) and compared both tests with coronary angiography.

Correction: Advances in artificial intelligence and computer science for computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal polyps: current status.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/a-2098-1999.].

Safety of Switching From a Vitamin K Antagonist to a Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant in Frail Older Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Results of the FRAIL-AF Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: There is ambiguity whether frail patients with atrial fibrillation managed with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) should be switched to a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC).

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled superiority trial. Older patients with atrial fibrillation living with frailty (≥75 years of age plus a Groningen Frailty Indicator score ≥3) were randomly assigned to switch from international normalized ratio-guided VKA treatment to an NOAC or to continued VKA treatment.

A Cost Overview of Minimally Invasive Total Mesorectal Excision in Rectal Cancer Patients: A Population-based Cohort in Experienced Centres.

Background: Total mesorectal excision has been the gold standard for the operative management of rectal cancer. The most frequently used minimally invasive techniques for surgical resection of rectal cancer are laparoscopic, robot-assisted, and transanal total mesorectal excision. As studies comparing the costs of the techniques are lacking, this study aims to provide a cost overview.

Polygenic risk scores for prediction of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in the UK Biobank cohort study.

Background: Guidelines recommend thromboprophylaxis for patients with cancer at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Polygenic risk scores may improve VTE prediction but have not yet been evaluated in patients with cancer.

Objectives: We assessed the performance of the 5-, 37-, 297-, extended 297- (additionally including factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A), and 100-single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scores in predicting cancer-associated VTE in the UK Biobank, a population-based, prospective cohort study.

Contact system and intrinsic pathway activation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Despite high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with pancreatic cancer, there are little data on contact system activation in these patients.

Objectives: To quantify contact system and intrinsic pathway activation and subsequent VTE risk in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were compared with controls.

Effect of the P-glycoprotein inhibitor tamoxifen on edoxaban plasma levels in women with breast cancer.

Background: Concomitant use of P-glycoprotein inhibitors can reduce clearance of edoxaban and increase its plasma concentration. Caution is advised with simultaneous use of edoxaban and the frequently used P-glycoprotein inhibitor tamoxifen. However, pharmacokinetic data are lacking.