Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: To address the rapid increase in the number of persons with Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (PwADRD), we seek to combine the benefits of music intervention with the adaptability of social robotics. Our system, the Music intervention Using Socially Engaging robotics (MUSE) system, seeks to provide a structured music intervention session to a group of PwADRD using the social robot Pepper. As seen in Figure 1, the Pepper robot leads the PwADRD through a 3-step music intervention session.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: More than 6 million people in the U.S. are currently living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), and informal caregivers provide them with more than $270 billion annually in unpaid care.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Our previous work has found that sexual and gender minority (SGM) or LGBTQIA+ caregivers of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) experience higher levels of stigma, depressive symptoms, and stress than non-SGM caregivers and that these outcomes are associated with experiences of microaggressions related to their SGM identities. Guided by the Health Equity Promotion Model, we sought to explore the impact of the environmental context on psychosocial outcomes among SGM caregivers of people living with ADRD.

Methods: Data from a cross-sectional online survey using a non-probabilistic sample of SGM caregivers of people with ADRD recruited via social media (n = 284) were combined with publicly available data reporting composite equity climate index scores across five domains: legal/non-discrimination protections, youth/family support, political/religious attitudes, health access/safety, and work environment/employment.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) presents a growing public health challenge. This study introduces an innovative approach to dementia care through the development of AI agents that simulate the interactions between people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers during activities of daily living (ADLs).

Method: The study employs ChatGPT (GPT4) large language models to create AI agents representing both PLWD and interventionists.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The growing number of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) has led to an increased interest in the experiences of informal caregivers. Effective instruments to measure both negative and positive aspects of caregiving and validated with diverse caregiver populations, are needed to inform the design and evaluation of targeted interventions. This study (a) reviews extant literature on instruments developed to measure the range of roles and experiences of unpaid caregivers of people living with ADRD, (b) describes characteristics of the populations used to validate these instruments, and (c) discusses the usefulness, applicability, and generalizability of current measures METHOD: A scoping review was performed following the methodological framework of Aromataris and Munn (2020).

Do reproductive endocrinology and infertility fellowship websites reflect a commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion?

Objective: To characterize the frequency of diversity elements (DEs) in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) fellowship websites and analyze these elements according to program characteristics.

Design: Forty-nine REI fellowship websites were assessed for 20 DEs that represent programmatic commitments to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Program websites were categorized by the number of discrete DEs featured: low (0-6); moderate (7-13); or high (14-20).

Social network analysis as a new tool to measure academic impact of physicians.

Introduction: H-index is a widely used metric quantifying a researcher's productivity and impact based on an author's publications and citations. Though convenient to calculate, h-index fails to incorporate collaborations and interrelationships between physicians into its assessment of academic impact, leading to limited insight into grouped networks. We present social network analysis as a tool to measure relationships between physicians and quantify their academic impact.

An African perspective to biodiversity conservation in the twenty-first century.

Africa boasts high biodiversity while also being home to some of the largest and fastest-growing human populations. Although the current environmental footprint of Africa is low compared to other continents, the population of Africa is estimated at around 1.5 billion inhabitants, representing nearly 18% of the world's total population.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).

The Association of HIV Criminalization Law and Disparities in Transplant Education among People with HIV.

While people with HIV (PWH) experience high rates of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), they were historically denied kidney transplantation and prohibited from organ donation, both elements of treating ESKD. It remains unknown to what extent such HIV criminalization laws correlate with the provision of transplantation education to PWH. We conducted this study to elucidate the relationship between these structural-level policies and individual-level outcomes.

Harmonization of alcohol use data and mortality across a multi-national HIV cohort collaboration.

Background: Alcohol use is measured in diverse ways across settings. Harmonization of measures is necessary to assess effects of alcohol use in multi-cohort collaborations, such as studies of people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: Data were combined from 14 HIV cohort studies (nine European, five North American) participating in the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration.

First pass effect in patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: subgroup analysis of the prospective international ASSIST registry.

Background: Studies have described a first pass effect (FPE) where patients with successful recanalization after one pass experience better outcomes. Few studies have evaluated this in patients with large core infarctions.

Objective: To determine whether patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in which first pass reperfusion is achieved experience improved outcomes compared with those who undergo more than one pass.

Categorizing Hospitals by Neonatal and Pediatric Diagnoses Treated.

Background: Traditional classification of children's and nonchildren's hospitals is based on physical structure and branding. We grouped hospitals with the most similar types of pediatric patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 2.

Glycosylated peptides isolated from cheese whey have antifreezing activity.

The glycomacropeptide (GMP) present in the cheese whey byproduct can be an excellent antifreezing agent due to its unique molecular structure. The objective of this study was to concentrate this peptide and investigate its ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) ability. Heat denaturation of the non-GMP proteins and preparative liquid chromatography were used to create fraction 1 (F1) and fraction 2 (F2) and these were tested using the splat assay and a modified sucrose sandwich assay to investigate their IRI activity.

The Impact of Surgical Prehabilitation on Postoperative Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Prehabilitation (preoperative rehabilitation) encompasses a range of patient health driven interventions with the potential to enhance surgical outcomes. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties, focusing on physical functionality and postoperative length of stay (LOS).

Methods: Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Clinicaltrials.

Impact of Locum Tenens Providers on Delivery of Pediatric Surgical Care.

Introduction: We sought to understand the impact of locum tenens surgeons on pediatric surgical care delivery.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Children's Hospital Association pediatric surgical practices. Anonymous electronic surveys were used to investigate locum tenens utilization, primary reason for use, limitations on clinical activities, and variations in practice standards or quality.

Measuring Stigma in Pediatric Oncology: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Three Global Sites.

Purpose: Stigma contributes to fear and shame, resulting in delays in care-seeking behavior among individuals with cancer. As a social construct, stigma is affected by language, religion, culture, and local norms. This study explored pediatric cancer stigma at the time of diagnosis across diverse settings through the adaptation of two stigma measures.

Palliative Medicine Consultation Reduces Readmission Significantly in Certain Diagnoses: A Retrospective Analysis.

Hospital readmissions within 30 days are a significant concern due to their negative impact on patient outcomes and healthcare system costs. This retrospective study explores the impact of palliative medicine consultation on reducing readmission rates for patients with severe, life-limiting illnesses. Real-world data from a 21-hospital system was analyzed for six specific diagnoses, including heart failure, sepsis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Demographic Correlates of Autism: How Do Associations Compare Between Diagnosis and a Quantitative Trait Measure?

Prevalence of autism diagnosis has historically differed by demographic factors. Using data from 8224 participants drawn from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program, we examined relationships between demographic factors and parent-reported autism-related traits as captured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; T score > 65) and compared these to relations with parent-reported clinician diagnosis of ASD, in generalized linear mixed effects regression analyses. Results suggested lower odds of autism diagnosis, but not of SRS T > 65, for non-Hispanic Black children (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.

Prevention of Infections Among Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Asplenia or Hyposplenism.

Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with splenic dysfunction are at increased risk for infections, and tailored guidance on the management of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients is often lacking. The purpose of this article is to provide practice recommendations via a frequently asked questions (FAQs) format that focuses on three main domains: the identification of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients/candidates, prophylactic strategies for mitigating the risk of invasive disease associated with splenic dysfunction in the context of transplantation, and the provision of appropriate patient counseling on the risks associated with asplenia/hyposplenism. Answers to the FAQs are based on international expert opinion informed by practices for managing splenic dysfunction and associated data in other populations with asplenia.

Fostering Collaborative Practice Through Interprofessional Education.

Background And Objectives: Health care leaders use interprofessional collaborative practice as a strategy to improve health outcomes, and they have stressed its importance in the education of primary care medical providers to apply public health concepts like the social determinants of health and community collaborations. Interprofessional education (IPE) prepares students from different professions for collaborative practice as they enter the health workforce by developing core competencies. Understanding the importance of IPE is vital toward improving person and client-centered care and population health outcomes.

Interactions of the Pneumococcus with the Central Nervous System: Postnatal Meningitis Versus Fetal Neurodevelopment.

In young children, pneumococcal meningitis epitomizes the paradigm of a destructive innate inflammatory response in the central nervous system: a five-alarm fire. In contrast, cell-free bacterial components reaching the fetal brain from an infected mother signal a quiet, noninflammatory immune response that drives abnormal neurodevelopment, changing brain architecture through neuroproliferation. This review addresses the difference between prenatal and postnatal bacterial-host signaling within the brain.

The role of the dorsomedial hypothalamus in the cardiogenic sympathetic reflex in the Sprague Dawley rat.

Myocardial ischemia causes the production and release of metabolites such as bradykinin, which stimulates cardiac spinal sensory afferents, causing chest pain and an increase in sympathetic activity referred to as the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex. While the brain stem nuclei, such as the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla, are essential in the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex, the role of other supramedullary nuclei in the cardiogenic sympathetic afferent reflex are not clear. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) is involved in cardiovascular sympathetic regulation and plays an important role in the sympathetic response to stressful stimuli.

Organohalide respiration: retrospective and perspective through bibliometrics.

Organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) play a pivotal role in the transformation of organohalogens in diverse environments. This bibliometric analysis provides a timely overview of OHRB research trends and identifies knowledge gaps. Publication numbers have steadily increased since the process was discovered in 1982, with fluctuations in total citations and average citations per publication.