High Entropy: A General Strategy for Broadening the Operating Temperature of Magnetic Refrigeration.

Lattice distortion and disorder in the chemical environment of magnetic atoms within high-entropy compounds present intriguing issues in the modulation of magnetic functional compounds. However, the complexity inherent in high-entropy disordered systems has resulted in a relative scarcity of comprehensive investigations exploring the magnetic functional mechanisms of these alloys. Herein, we investigate the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of the high-entropy intermetallic compound GdTbDyHoErCo.

Lattice Anisotropy-Driven Reduction of Phonon Velocities in Black Phosphorus.

Phonon dynamics and transport determine how heat is utilized and dissipated in materials. In 2D systems for optoelectronics and thermoelectrics, the impact of nanoscale material structure on phonon propagation is central to controlling thermal conduction. Here, we directly observe in-plane coherent acoustic phonon propagation in black phosphorus (BP) using ultrafast electron microscopy.

Passive infusion of an S2-Stem broadly neutralizing antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and lower airway inflammation in rhesus macaques.

The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of subverting vaccine and infection-induced immunity suggests the advantage of a broadly protective vaccine against betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). Recent studies have isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered-vaccinated donors capable of neutralizing many variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other β-CoVs. Many of these mAbs target the conserved S2 stem region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, rather than the receptor binding domain contained within S1 primarily targeted by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Toluene Toxicity in the Brain: From Cellular Targets to Molecular Mechanisms.

Toluene intoxication constitutes a persistent public health problem worldwide. While most organs can be damaged, the brain is a primary target whether exposure is accidental, occupational, or recreational. Interventions to prevent/revert brain damage by toluene are curtailed by the scarce information on the molecular targets and mechanisms mediating toluene's brain toxicity and the common exposure to other neurotoxins and/or coexistence of neurological/psychiatric disorders.

Tuberculosis in the US Kidney Failure Population.

Background: People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk for progression to tuberculosis disease following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We produced a nationwide incidence estimate and description of tuberculosis among people with kidney failure.

Methods: We completed a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of people with a reported case of tuberculosis in the United States between 2010 and 2021.

Third Proceedings of The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC): Consensus Statement on Trial Design for Airway Stenosis.

Importance: Airway stenosis is a rare but debilitating disorder that significantly degrades the quality of life in affected patients. Treatments are primarily surgical, and disease management lacks established medical therapies. The North American Airway Collaborative held its third symposium at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 15, 2024, focused on strategies to advance the care of these patients.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of serotypes isolated from necropsied horses in Kentucky.

Unlabelled: is a foodborne pathogen that poses a significant threat to global public health. It affects several animal species, including horses. infections in horses can be either asymptomatic or cause severe clinical illness.

Laboratory evolution in enables rapid catabolism of a model lignin-derived aromatic dimer.

Lignin contains a variety of interunit linkages, leading to a range of potential decomposition products that can be used as carbon and energy sources by microbes. β-O-4 linkages are the most common in native lignin, and associated catabolic pathways have been well characterized. However, the fate of the mono-aromatic intermediates that result from β-O-4 dimer cleavage has not been fully elucidated.

The interplay between ZigA and SltB promotes zinc homeostasis and cell envelope integrity.

is an opportunistic human pathogen that acquires nutrient metals from the vertebrate host amid infection. During zinc (Zn) scarcity, upregulates the expression of the predicted Zn metallochaperone, . Loss of compromises fitness during Zn deficiency, highlighting its role in this condition.

The future of flourishing in veterinary medicine: a systems-informed positive psychology approach in veterinary education.

Individuals in the veterinary profession are experiencing significant mental health and wellbeing challenges. A holistic view of wellbeing, which encompasses both physical and mental health, underscores their interconnected nature. This integrated approach reduces the artificial separation of wellbeing facets, and highlights how mental states influence not only individuals, but also their interactions with animals, the environment, and others in the workplace.

Trauma Survivors Network: history and evolution of a program empowering survivors and families impacted by traumatic injury.

The Trauma Survivors Network (TSN), a program of the American Trauma Society (ATS), has a unique history spanning decades with a vision to continue expanding and strengthening services to support survivors and families impacted by traumatic injury. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the ATS has adapted TSN services to provide both virtual and in-person services for trauma survivors, increasing equity and inclusion for many survivors to access TSN services for the first time. The recent policy changes in the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma provide an impetus for the TSN to grow and expand services in support of a diverse group of trauma survivors and their loved ones.

Safety of tenecteplase vs. alteplase in telestroke: a large multistate experience (STAT).

Introduction: Prompt treatment with IV thrombolytics (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is critical for improved recovery and survival. Recently, hospital systems have switched to the IVT tenecteplase (TNK) instead of the FDA-approved alteplase (tPA) for treatment. Multiple studies and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy and safety of TNK demonstrate similar or superior outcomes when compared to tPA.

Motor mapping-guided resection of a brainstem recurrent pilocytic astrocytoma.

Brainstem tumors are bounded by a compact topography of eloquent tracts, cranial nerves, and nuclei. Reliable intraoperative neuromonitoring aids microneurosurgical technique to optimize safe resection. The authors present a case of motor mapping-guided resection of a recurrent brainstem pilocytic astrocytoma.

Management of children with food allergies by allergists in the United States.

Background: Management of patients with food allergies is complex, especially in cases of patients with multiple and potentially severe food allergies. Although international guidelines exist for food allergy management, the role of the allergist in the decision-making process is key.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the management patterns and educational needs of practicing allergists treating patients with food allergies.

Lymph Node Staging and Treatment in Pediatric Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Consensus Opinion from the Children's Oncology Group, European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group, and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe.

Accurate staging of nodal involvement in pediatric sarcoma patients is important to determine correct systemic and local therapy, with the goal to reduce subsequent recurrences. However, differences in lymph node staging strategies, definitions, and treatment protocols between the Children's Oncology Group (COG), European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG), and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) complicate comparisons. In this article, we aim to establish internationally recognized recommendations for lymph node assessment and treatment of children and adolescents diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) according to the Consensus Conference Standard Operating Procedure methodology.

Dynamic in vivo monitoring of granum structural changes of Ctenanthe setosa (Roscoe) Eichler during drought stress and subsequent recovery.

Investigating the effects of drought stress and subsequent recovery on the structure and function of chloroplasts is essential to understanding how plants adapt to environmental stressors. We investigated Ctenanthe setosa (Roscoe) Eichler, an ornamental plant that can tolerate prolonged drought periods (40 and 49 days of water withdrawal). Conventional biochemical, biophysical, physiological and (ultra)structural methods combined for the first time in a higher plant with in vivo small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) were used to characterize the alterations induced by drought stress and subsequent recovery.

Canopy complexity drives positive effects of tree diversity on productivity in two tree diversity experiments.

Forest canopy complexity (i.e., the three-dimensional structure of the canopy) is often associated with increased species diversity as well as high primary productivity across natural forests.

Police Contact, Sleep, and Mental Health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 3928), we examined how police contact relates to sleep problems, anxiety, and depressive symptoms during middle adolescence (M age = 14.09; SD = 0.68).

The algebraic extended atom-type graph-based model for precise ligand-receptor binding affinity prediction.

Accurate prediction of ligand-receptor binding affinity is crucial in structure-based drug design, significantly impacting the development of effective drugs. Recent advances in machine learning (ML)-based scoring functions have improved these predictions, yet challenges remain in modeling complex molecular interactions. This study introduces the AGL-EAT-Score, a scoring function that integrates extended atom-type multiscale weighted colored subgraphs with algebraic graph theory.

A Military-Civilian Training Partnership for Army Nurses.

Background: In 2018, the U.S. Army Surgeon General created the Army Medical Department Military-Civilian Trauma Team Training (AMCT3) program to enhance the clinical proficiency of medical personnel serving on Army trauma teams called forward resuscitative surgical detachments (FRSDs).

Leveraging a phased pangenome for haplotype design of hybrid potato.

The tetraploid genome and clonal propagation of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) dictate a slow, non-accumulative breeding mode of the most important tuber crop. Transitioning potato breeding to a seed-propagated hybrid system based on diploid inbred lines has the potential to greatly accelerate its improvement.

Neuromorphic computing at scale.

Neuromorphic computing is a brain-inspired approach to hardware and algorithm design that efficiently realizes artificial neural networks. Neuromorphic designers apply the principles of biointelligence discovered by neuroscientists to design efficient computational systems, often for applications with size, weight and power constraints. With this research field at a critical juncture, it is crucial to chart the course for the development of future large-scale neuromorphic systems.

Superconductivity in 5.0° twisted bilayer WSe.

The discovery of superconductivity in twisted bilayer and trilayer graphene has generated tremendous interest. The key feature of these systems is an interplay between interlayer coupling and a moiré superlattice that gives rise to low-energy flat bands with strong correlations. Flat bands can also be induced by moiré patterns in lattice-mismatched and/or twisted heterostructures of other two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs).

Harnessing artificial intelligence for enhanced veterinary diagnostics: A look to quality assurance, Part II External validation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a valuable diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine, offering affordable and accessible tests that can match or even exceed the performance of medical professionals in similar tasks. Despite the promising outcomes of using AI systems (AIS) as highly accurate diagnostic tools, the field of quality assurance in AIS is still in its early stages. Our Part I manuscript focused on the development and technical validation of an AIS.