Early-life Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Rationale: Tobacco smoking is a well-established risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet the influence of early-life tobacco exposure on future IPF risk remains poorly understood.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that early-life tobacco exposure may elevate the risk of developing IPF, with this effect potentially modified by genetic susceptibility to IPF and mediated through accelerated biological aging.

Methods: Using data from over 430,000 participants in the UK Biobank, we performed a prospective cohort study to examine the associations of maternal smoking around birth and age of smoking initiation with IPF risk.

The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D maintains a youthful proteome and ensures protein quality control during aging by sustaining proteasome activity.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are key for protein turnover and quality control via ubiquitination. Some E2s also physically interact with the proteasome, but it remains undetermined which E2s maintain proteostasis during aging. Here, we find that E2s have diverse roles in handling a model aggregation-prone protein (huntingtin-polyQ) in the Drosophila retina: while some E2s mediate aggregate assembly, UBE2D/effete (eff) and other E2s are required for huntingtin-polyQ degradation.

Self-Assembled Oligomers Facilitate Amino Acid-Driven CO Capture at the Air-Aqueous Interface.

Direct air capture of CO using amino acid absorbents, such as glycine or sarcosine, is constrained by the relatively slow mass transfer of CO through the air-aqueous interface. Our recent study showed a marked improvement in CO capture by introducing CO-permeable oligo-dimethylsiloxane (ODMS-MIM) oligomers with cationic (imidazolium, MIM) headgroups. In this work, we have employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in combination with subensemble analysis using network theory to provide a detailed molecular picture of the behavior of CO and the glycinate anions (Gly) at the ODMS-MIM decorated air-aqueous interfaces.

Quasi-Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnetic Spin Fluctuations in the Spin-Triplet Superconductor Candidate CeRh_{2}As_{2}.

The tetragonal heavy-fermion superconductor CeRh_{2}As_{2} (T_{c}=0.3  K) exhibits an exceptionally high critical field of 14 T for B∥c. It undergoes a field-driven first-order phase transition between superconducting states, potentially transitioning from spin-singlet to spin-triplet superconductivity.

Evidence of Dirac Quantum Spin Liquid in YbZn_{2}GaO_{5}.

The emergence of a quantum spin liquid (QSL), a state of matter that can result when electron spins are highly correlated but do not become ordered, has been the subject of a considerable body of research in condensed matter physics [1,2]. Spin liquid states have been proposed as hosts for high-temperature superconductivity [3] and can host topological properties with potential applications in quantum information science [4]. The excitations of most quantum spin liquids are not conventional spin waves but rather quasiparticles known as spinons, whose existence is well established experimentally only in one-dimensional systems; the unambiguous experimental realization of QSL behavior in higher dimensions remains challenging.

Multimodal Study of Murine Cardiovascular Remodeling: Four-Dimensional Ultrasound and Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Damage in the cardiovascular system can be due to environmental exposure, trauma, drug toxicity, or numerous other factors. As a result, cardiac tissue and vasculature undergo structural changes and display diminished function.

From Play Date to Stress Fate: Juvenile Social Play Rescues Stress-Induced Changes in Adult Social Behavior.

Long-term effects of social play on neural and behavioral development remain unclear. We investigated whether just 1 h of juvenile social play could rescue the effects of play deprivation on stress-related behavior and markers of neural plasticity. Syrian hamsters were reared from postnatal days 21-43 in three conditions: peer isolation, peer isolation with daily social play sessions (dyadic play), or group-housed with littermates.

Assessing Prevalence of Nonmedically Used Prescription Drug Involvement in Overdose Deaths Through Linkage of State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System and Controlled Substances Monitoring Program Data.

Background: While illicit substances are commonly involved in the overdose crisis, prescription substances still play a role. Oftentimes, decedents do not have prescriptions for these substances at the time of death. As such, we sought to examine the prevalence of nonmedical drug use in Tennessee through linkage of fatal drug overdose and prescription data.

Human TSC2 mutant cells exhibit aberrations in early neurodevelopment accompanied by changes in the DNA Methylome.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a debilitating developmental disorder characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. While benign tumors in the heart, lungs, kidney, and brain are all hallmarks of the disease, the most severe symptoms of TSC are often neurological, including seizures, autism, psychiatric disorders, and intellectual disabilities. TSC is caused by loss of function mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes and consequent dysregulation of signaling via mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1).

Online Bayesian State Estimation for Real-Time Monitoring of Growth Kinetics in Thin Film Synthesis.

Rapid validation of newly predicted materials through autonomous synthesis requires real-time adaptive control methods that exploit physics knowledge, a capability that is lacking in most systems. Here, we demonstrate an approach to enable real-time control of thin film synthesis by combining optical diagnostics with a Bayesian state estimation method. We developed a physical model for film growth and applied the direct filter (DF) method for real-time estimation of nucleation and growth rates during pulsed laser deposition (PLD).

Quality of care delivery in patients with acute heart failure: insights from the international REPORT-HF registry.

Background: Heart Failure (HF) quality of care (QoC) is associated with clinical outcomes. Therefore, we investigated differences in HF QoC across worldwide regions (with differing national income) and the association of quality indicators with outcomes.

Methods: We examined the quality of care (QoC) in acute heart failure (HF) patients across different regions using quality indicators (QIs) from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) to evaluate QoC.

Insulin-Induced Lipohypertrophy Treated With Liposuction: A Review of Case Reports.

Lipohypertrophy is the most reported cutaneous complication of insulin injection. In cases refractory to conservative management, liposuction has been proposed as a treatment. This review aims to evaluate the use of liposuction for the treatment of insulin-induced lipohypertrophy.

Fluorine-Free Ion-Selective Membrane with Enhanced Mg Transport for Mg-Organic Batteries.

Magnesium batteries offer a safer alternative for next-generation battery technology due to their insusceptibility to dendrite deposition. Selective membranes tailored for magnesium-ion conduction will unlock further technological advancement. Herein, we demonstrate fluorine-free magnesiated sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (Mg-SPEEK) selective membranes capable of facilitating magnesium-ion conduction while effectively rejecting soluble organic species.

Practical management of adverse events in patients receiving tarlatamab, a delta-like ligand 3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy, for previously treated small cell lung cancer.

Tarlatamab is a bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy targeting delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) molecule. In the phase 2 DeLLphi-301 trial of tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer, tarlatamab 10 mg every 2 weeks achieved durable responses and encouraging survival outcomes. Analyses of updated safety data from the DeLLphi-301 trial demonstrated that the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were cytokine release syndrome (53%), pyrexia (38%), decreased appetite (36%), dysgeusia (32%), and an emia (30%).

Descriptive Epidemiology of Complete ACL Tears in the Skeletally Immature Population: A Prospective Multicenter PLUTO Study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in pediatric and adolescent patients. Understanding this population's injury characteristics and treatment strategies is vital for managing this high-risk group.

Purpose: To report the descriptive epidemiology and treatment strategies of a large cohort of skeletally immature patients with complete ACL tears.

Parental Perceptions of Access to and Utilization of Services for Autistic Children in African American Families: An Exploratory Study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs within all racial, ethnic, and demographic pediatric groups. However, Black children with ASD are diagnosed at later stages of their development, and as a result may not receive or may age out of early intervention services, and demonstrate poorer long-term outcomes, across a range of factors. African American parent's perceptions regarding access to and utilization of healthcare services for their autistic children vary.

In-pixel foreground and contrast enhancement circuits with customizable mapping.

This paper presents an in-pixel contrast enhancement circuit that performs image processing directly within the pixel circuit. The circuit leverages HyperFET, a hybrid device combining a MOSFET and a phase transition material (PTM), to enhance performance. It can be tuned for different modes of operation.

Coding Variants of the Genitourinary Development Gene Carry High Risk for Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Considerable genetic heterogeneity is currently thought to underlie hereditary prostate cancer (HPC). Most families meeting criteria for HPC cannot be attributed to currently known pathogenic variants.

Methods: To discover pathogenic variants predisposing to prostate cancer, we conducted a familial case-control association study using both genome-wide single-allele and identity-by-descent analytic approaches.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Pregnancy and Postpartum Periods.

Purpose: Early detection and management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and postpartum are essential. This systematic review and meta analysis aimed: (1) to examine the state of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) use, and (2) in a subset of studies, evaluate 24-hour ABP parameters in the prediction and identification of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in March of 2022 for English language studies published after 2000.

Improving Bond Dissociations of Reactive Machine Learning Potentials through Physics-Constrained Data Augmentation.

In the field of computational chemistry, predicting bond dissociation energies (BDEs) presents well-known challenges, particularly due to the multireference character of reactive systems. Many chemical reactions involve configurations where single-reference methods fall short, as the electronic structure can significantly change during bond breaking. As generating training data for partially broken bonds is a challenging task, even state-of-the-art reactive machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) often fail to predict reliable BDEs and smooth dissociation curves.

Utility of a C-Spirulina Stable Isotope Gastric Emptying Breath Test in Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The carbon-13 spirulina gastric emptying breath test (GEBT) is approved to identify delayed, but not accelerated, gastric emptying (GE). We compared the utility of the GEBT to scintigraphy for diagnosing abnormal GE in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with diabetes ate a 230-kcal test meal labeled with technetium 99 m and C-spirulina, after which 10 scintigraphic images and breath samples (baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 min) were collected on 2 occasions 1 week apart.

An online case-based radiology course improves veterinary students' day one competency in small animal radiographic interpretation.

Background: Accurate radiographic interpretation is an important day one skill. A case-based radiology course (CBC) demonstrated better learning outcomes than a lecture-based course (LBC) immediately and after a one-semester period. The aim of this study was to compare long-term learning outcomes of both groups.

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.