Primary pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma metastatic to the pleura and mediastinal lymph node with a prominent rhabdoid cytomorphology showing CAMTA1::WWTR1 fusion and novel PRDM1 and TNFRSF14 mutations.

Cases of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with WWTR1::CAMTA1 fusion can show rhabdoid cytomorphology. Lack of intracytoplasmic luminal spaces, marked rhabdoid cytomorphology, and variability in the expression of vascular markers makes the diagnosis of EHE challenging. Therefore, a high level of suspicion and ancillary studies (immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing) help reach a definitive diagnosis in these cases.

Microenvironment shapes small-cell lung cancer neuroendocrine states and presents therapeutic opportunities.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most fatal form of lung cancer. Intratumoral heterogeneity, marked by neuroendocrine (NE) and non-neuroendocrine (non-NE) cell states, defines SCLC, but the cell-extrinsic drivers of SCLC plasticity are poorly understood. To map the landscape of SCLC tumor microenvironment (TME), we apply spatially resolved transcriptomics and quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to metastatic SCLC tumors obtained via rapid autopsy.

Pleomorphic adenoma with extensive squamous and mucinous metaplasia and a novel MALAT1::PLAG1 fusion gene.

Cases of metaplastic pleomorphic adenoma can be diagnostically challenging. Many of these cases fall into the Milan system's SUMP category, and some may be misdiagnosed. The author shows a case of pleomorphic adenoma with extensive squamous and mucinous metaplasia and a novel MALAT1::PLAG1 fusion.

Hyalinising clear cell carcinoma with a novel fusion gene: Insights into the diagnosis.

Hyalinising clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a rare salivary gland neoplasm characterised by an EWSR1::ATF1 fusion. Rare cases showing EWSR1::CREB1 rearrangements have been reported. This article presents a case of HCCC with a novel EWSR1-CREB1 fusion, diffuse eosinophilic appearance, novel cytomorphological findings, PAS-negativity, and late regional and distant lymph node metastases.

Characterization of the novel HLA-A*32:172 allele by next generation sequencing.

HLA-A*32:172 differs from HLA-A*32:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 1013, codon 314 located in exon 6.

Full-length genomic sequence of HLA-DQA1*02:19 by next generation sequencing.

Full-length sequence of HLA-DQA1*02:19 covers the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), all introns and exons and the 3' UTR.

Characterization of the novel HLA-DPA1*01:144 allele by next generation sequencing.

HLA-DPA1*01:144 differs from HLA-DPA*01:03:01:04 by one nucleotide substitution at position 44, codon-17 located in exon 1.

Characterization of the novel HLA-C*05:01:72 allele by next generation sequencing.

Full-length sequence of HLA-C*05:01:72 covers the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), all introns and exons and the 3' UTR.

Full genomic sequence of the HLA-DRB3*02:32 allele by Single Molecule Real-time Sequencing Technology.

Full-length sequence covers the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), all introns and exons and the 3' UTR.

Characterization of the novel HLA-DPA1*02:72 allele by next generation sequencing.

HLA-DPA1*02:72 differs from HLA-DPA1*02:02:02:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 4273, codon 86 located in exon 3.

Serous fluid: Reactive conditions.

This chapter highlights the steps that would help to analyze any fluid. It highlights importance of knowing gross analysis of fluid along with biochemical information. These parameters along with clinical information are very important in arriving at a differential diagnosis.

Serous cavity metastasis: Evaluation of unknown primary.

Malignant effusions can occur in patients with neoplasia. Once a metastatic diagnosis is confirmed, the primary site of origin of malignancy needs to be ascertained. This task can be challenging without a prior history of malignancy.

Opioid dependence and treatment outcomes among patients with burn injury.

Background: Patients with burn injuries cause significant healthcare economic burden, often utilising extra-hospital resources, caregiving, and specialized care.

Methods: We present a retrospective cohort analysis of the hospitalized patients in the USA with a primary diagnosis of burn injury. Opioid dependence was identified using ICD-10 CM codes.

Hormonal Evaluation of Incidental Adrenal Masses: The Exception, Not the Rule.

Background: Incidental adrenal masses (IAMs) occur in approximately 4% of patients undergoing abdominal CT scans for any indication. Hormonal evaluation is recommended for all IAMs. The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of IAMs in a screening population and to determine the adequacy of endocrine evaluation of newly identified IAMs based on established guidelines.

On the Alert for Cytokine Storm: Immunopathology in COVID-19.

Poor outcomes in COVID-19 correlate with clinical and laboratory features of cytokine storm syndrome. Broad screening for cytokine storm and early, targeted antiinflammatory therapy may prevent immunopathology and could help conserve limited health care resources. While studies are ongoing, extrapolating from clinical experience in cytokine storm syndromes may benefit the multidisciplinary teams caring for patients with severe COVID-19.