Palliative Care Spiritual Assessment and Goals-of-Care Discussions in the Neurocritical Care Unit: Collaborating with Chaplains.

Introduction: Neuropalliative care is an emerging subspecialty of palliative care designed to address the unique supportive care needs of patients with serious neurological illness, including those receiving neurocritical care in intensive care units. Spiritual care is a vital component in the provision of holistic and humanized care to these patients. A chaplain who is specially trained and credentialed in care for those with serious illness is the health care professional responsible for making spiritual assessments and contributes to the plan of care, facilitating decision making, and guiding other clinicians in the provision of generalist spiritual care.

Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Acute Leukemia.

Fatty acids are essential biomolecules that support several cellular processes, such as membrane structures, energy storage and production, as well as signal transduction. Accordingly, changes in fatty acid metabolism can have a significant impact on cell behavior, such as growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Therefore, it is not surprising that many aspects of fatty acid metabolism are frequently dysregulated in human cancer, including in highly aggressive blood cancers such as acute leukemia.

Through the lens of Good Participatory Practice: Findings and lessons learned from the healthcare worker subcommittee of the COVID-19 Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes Registry.

Participant representation, including the Good Participatory Practice guidelines, in the design and execution of clinical research can profoundly affect research structure and process. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, an online registry called the Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes (HERO) Registry, was launched to capture the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) on the pandemic frontlines. It evolved into a program that distributed COVID-19-related information and connected participants with COVID-19-related research opportunities.

National survey of financial burden and experience among patients with cancer and autoimmune disease receiving charitable copay assistance.

Background: Little is known about the role that charitable copay assistance (CPA) plays in addressing access to care and financial distress. The study sought to evaluate financial distress and experience with CPA among patients with cancer and autoimmune disease.

Methods: This is a national cross-sectional self-administered anonymous electronic survey conducted among recipients of CPA to cover the costs of a drug for cancer or autoimmune disease.

A Proposed mHealth Intervention to Address Patient Barriers to Colposcopy Attendance: Qualitative Interview Study of Clinic Staff and Patient Perspectives.

Background: Cervical cancer disparities persist among minoritized women due to infrequent screening and poor follow-up. Structural and psychosocial barriers to following up with colposcopy are problematic for minoritized women. Evidence-based interventions using patient navigation and tailored telephone counseling, including the Tailored Communication for Cervical Cancer Risk (TC3), have modestly improved colposcopy attendance.

Use of an electronic health record training environment with a longitudinal patient case as a teaching tool in an APPE-readiness course.

Background: The integration of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in healthcare has changed how healthcare is performed, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of these systems among pharmacists. The ability to navigate EHRs is crucial for pharmacy students' success in introductory and advanced pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs and APPEs). This manuscript describes the development and use of an EHR training environment in an APPE-readiness course.

Changes in Risk Tolerance for Ovarian Cancer Prevention Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Prior to COVID-19, little was known about how risks associated with such a pandemic would compete with and influence patient decision making regarding cancer risk reducing medical decision making. We investigated how the pandemic affected preferences for medical risk-reducing strategies among women at elevated risk of breast or ovarian cancer.

Methods: We conducted a discrete choice experiment.

Developing a Strategy to Increase Lung Cancer Screening in Areas of Need.

Lung cancer screening (LCS) rates are low, and lung cancer mortality is high in the United States. This report describes a strategy that health systems can use to identify LCS areas of need and engage associated primary care providers and patients in screening. A research team from Jefferson Health (JH), a large, urban health system, used geocoded standardized lung cancer mortality rates (SMRs) to identify zip codes in Philadelphia where lung cancer mortality is high.

Data-driven insights into neighborhood adherence to cancer prevention guidelines in Philadelphia.

Background: Forty percent of new cancer cases in the United States are attributed to modifiable risks, which can be influenced by the built environment. Recent cancer prevention guidelines include recommendations for making communities conducive to healthy living. Focused on the city of Philadelphia, the present study aims to 1) evaluate neighborhood-level adherence to cancer prevention guidelines by developing two novel indices and 2) identify factors driving low compliance in neighborhoods with high cancer mortality.

Euphorbium compositum SN improves the innate defenses of the airway mucosal barrier network during rhinovirus infection.

Background: Rhinoviruses (RV) are the major cause of common colds in healthy individuals and are associated with acute exacerbations in patients with chronic lung diseases. Yet, no vaccines or effective treatment against RV are available. This study investigated the effect of Euphorbium compositum SN (ECSN6), a multicomponent, multitarget medication made from natural ingredients, on the mucosal barrier network during RV infection.

Intersection of Race and Gender in the Cardiothoracic Workforce: Study of Representation and Salary.

Background: Cardiothoracic surgery lacks gender and racial/ethnic diversity. Recent studies have highlighted disparities based on gender and race/ethnicity among academic cardiothoracic surgeons. The impact of the intersection of these factors on representation and salary is unknown.

The State-of-the-Art PET Tracers in Glioblastoma and High-grade Gliomas and Implications for Theranostics.

MR imaging is currently the main imaging modality used for the diagnosis and post therapeutic assessment of glioblastomas. Recently, several innovative PET radioactive tracers have been investigated for the evaluation of glioblastomas (GBM). These radiotracers target several biochemical and pathophysiological processes seen in tumors.

Impromptu Speaking: Teaching an Essential Leadership Skill.

Objective: Clinical leaders are frequently asked to assert an opinion or message spontaneously in a public forum. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of structured leadership training in impromptu speaking.

Design: This prospective study examined trainees who participated in a 3-hour workshop consisting of didactic instruction on impromptu speaking followed by small group practice.

Nurses' continuance intention to use electronic health record systems: The antecedent role of personality and organisation support.

Nurses play a crucial role in the adoption and continued use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs), especially in developing countries. Existing literature scarcely addresses how personality traits and organisational support influence nurses' decision to persist with EHR use in these regions. This study developed a model combining the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to explore the impact of personality traits and organisational support on nurses' continuance intention to use EHR systems.

Cultural shifts: an examination of cervical cancer stigma across age groups in the Caribbean.

Background: Cervical cancer-related stigma is common but understudied in the Caribbean. This study aims to describe the age difference of cervical cancer stigma and to evaluate the influence on the prevention practices among the Caribbean nonpatient population in Jamaica, Grenada, and Trinidad and Tobago.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 1209 participants was conducted using a culturally trans-created Cancer Stigma Scale for the Caribbean context and supplemented with questions on cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine knowledge and beliefs.

Savior or saboteur? A nationwide study on digital economy and depression in China.

The regional boom in digital economy has provided people with remote conversations and socialization while reducing the risk of depression. This study aims to elucidate whether regional digital economy can be a savior for individual depression. The multi-source dataset collects 11,845 individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018 (CHARLS), with the combination of corresponding regional data from China City Statistical Yearbooks.

Robotic management of urinary fistula.

Objectives: To highlight critical preoperative and intraoperative considerations in approaching fistula repair robotically.

Methods: A search of the literature was conducted to identify relevant articles pertaining to robotic management of urinary fistulae.

Results: Fistulae of the genitourinary tract can be a challenging dilemma for urologists, as definitive management may require surgical intervention.

Thyroid hormone suppresses medulloblastoma progression through promoting terminal differentiation of tumor cells.

Hypothyroidism is commonly detected in patients with medulloblastoma (MB). However, whether thyroid hormone (TH) contributes to MB pathogenicity remains undetermined. Here, we find that TH plays a critical role in promoting tumor cell differentiation.

High Prevalence of Multistep Algorithms in Diagnostic Clostridioides difficile Laboratory Testing.

Context.—: Laboratory testing practices for diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) have evolved in response to published guidelines, availability of highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), perceived problems with the specificity of NAATs, and CDI reporting requirements.

Objective.

Analysis of single-cell transcriptome data from a mouse model implicates protein synthesis dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that causes considerable morbidity, whose risk largely results from genetic factors. Setd1a is a gene implicated in schizophrenia.

Objective: To study the gene expression changes found in heterozygous Setd1a knockout mice in order to gain useful insight into schizophrenia pathogenesis.

Consensus recommendations for use of long-acting antiretroviral medications in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1: Endorsed by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Canadian HIV and Viral Hepatitis Pharmacists Network, European AIDS Clinical Society, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: An executive summary.

Five long-acting (LA) antiretrovirals (ARVs) are currently available in a limited number of countries worldwide for HIV-1 prevention or treatment - cabotegravir, rilpivirine, lenacapavir, ibalizumab, and dapivirine. Implementing use of LA ARVs in routine clinical practice requires significant changes to the current framework of HIV-1 prevention, treatment, and service provision. Given the novelty, complexity, and interdisciplinary requirements of safe and optimal use of LA ARVs, consensus recommendations on the use of LA ARVs will assist clinicians in optimizing use of these agents.

Consensus recommendations for use of long-acting antiretroviral medications in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1: Endorsed by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Canadian HIV and Viral Hepatitis Pharmacists Network, European AIDS Clinical Society, and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.

Five long-acting (LA) antiretrovirals (ARVs) are currently available in a limited number of countries worldwide for HIV-1 prevention or treatment-cabotegravir, rilpivirine, lenacapavir, ibalizumab, and dapivirine. Implementing use of LA ARVs into routine clinical practice requires significant changes to the current framework of HIV-1 prevention, treatment, and service provision. Given the novelty, complexity, and interdisciplinary requirements needed to safely and optimally utilize LA ARVs, consensus recommendations on the use of LA ARVs will assist clinicians in optimizing use of these agents.