Association of Dental Caries with Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Sarcopenia: A Community-Based Study.

Objectives: Changes in the oral cavity can reflect other changes throughout the body. This study aimed to investigate the association of dental caries with muscle mass, muscle strength, and sarcopenia, and also to describe the microbial diversity, composition, and community structure of severe dental caries and sarcopenia.

Design: Cross-sectional study based on a Chinese population aged from 50 to 85 years.

Socioeconomic Status and Risks of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 39 Prospective Studies.

Background: In recent decades, increased attention has been paid to the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on cognition function and dementia, however, an ongoing debate continues to exist. The objective of our study was to explore the potential effect of SES on the risks of cognitive dysfunction and dementia.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for prospective studies from inception to 9 January 2022.

The Use of Episodic Memory Tests for Screening in Clinical Trials for Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparison of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).

Background: Screening procedures for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials seek to efficiently identify participants who fulfill clinical and biomarker criteria for AD and enrich for those most likely to experience significant clinical progression during the study. Episodic memory performance is often assessed in screening, but the utility of different memory tests for optimizing screening efficiency and/or rates of clinical progression remains uncertain.

Objectives: Cross-study comparisons of the effects of inclusion criteria based on performance on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) or the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) on screen-failure rates for episodic memory and β-amyloid (Aβ) positivity (by CSF or PET) and on subsequent rates of clinical disease progression in randomized participants across three clinical trials in early (prodromal-to-mild) AD.

Poor Health Behaviors among Housebound Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults Due to Prolonged Self-Restraint during the First COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Prolonged self-restraining behaviors induced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's containment measures can limit various positive health behaviors.

Objective: We examined the decline in going-out and certain other positive health behaviors and investigated the relationship between excessive decreases in going-out frequency and declining engagement in positive health behaviors among community-dwelling older adults during the self-restraint period.

Design: This study employed a cross-sectional survey design.

Associations between Dietary Variety and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older People Who Live Alone: Gender Differences.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influences of living arrangements on the association between dietary variety and frailty by gender in community-dwelling older people.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: Nishinomiya city, Hyogo prefecture, Japan.

Association of High Muscle Mass with Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Community-Based Population Cohort Study.

Objectives: Although low muscle mass may make an under-appreciated contribution to increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, no prospective studies have explored the association between low muscle mass and carotid atherosclerosis. We investigated whether muscle mass was related to a higher carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and carotid artery plaque in a community-based population.

Methods: The study included 1,253 asymptomatic participants without known cardiovascular disease, who underwent carotid ultrasonography at baseline in 2013-2014 and received a re-examination in 2015-2016.

The Burden of Colorectal Cancer Attributable to Diet Low in Fiber from 1990 to 2019: A Global, Regional and National Analysis.

Objectives: The colorectal cancer (CRC) burden is increasingly high. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal and geographical trends in CRC deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to diet low in fiber globally from 1990 to 2019.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Polypharmacy Predicts Onset and Transition of Frailty, Malnutrition, and Adverse Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis Patient.

Background: Polypharmacy, frailty and malnutrition are known predictors of adverse outcomes in dialysis patients. Little has reported about their interaction and composite prognostic values. We aimed to describe the interaction between polypharmacy, frailty, nutrition, hospitalization, and survival in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trajectories of ADL Disability among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Findings from the CHARLS Cohort Study.

Objectives: There is little evidence on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and disability trajectories among middle-aged and older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and activities of daily living (ADL) trajectories over eight years of follow-up and the mediation role of different chronic diseases on this relationship.

Design: Prospective cohort study, eight-year follow-up.

Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Brazilian University Drummers and Percussionists: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: In recent years, the number of university drummers and percussionists in Brazil has been increasing. Extensive instrumental practice and repetitive rehearsals are related to the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms among many of these percussion instrumentalists (e.g.

De-Training Effects Following Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Supplementation and Resistance Training in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 24 Weeks of Follow-Up.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of de-training after a combined intervention of leucine-enriched whey protein supplementation and resistance training on skeletal muscle mass and strength in older adults with sarcopenia.

Design: A randomized controlled trial.

Setting: A community in Hyogo, Japan.

Oral Tau Aggregation Inhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease: Design, Progress and Basis for Selection of the 16 mg/day Dose in a Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Hydromethylthionine Mesylate.

Background: Hydromethylthionine mesylate is a tau aggregation inhibitor shown to have exposure-dependent pharmacological activity on cognitive decline and brain atrophy in two completed Phase 3 trials in mild/moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objectives: The present report summarises the basis for selection of 16 mg/day as monotherapy as the optimal treatment regime and the design rationale of a confirmatory Phase 3 trial (LUCIDITY).

Design: The trial comprises a 12-month double-blind, placebo-controlled phase followed by a 12-month modified delayed-start open-label treatment phase.

Age, Sex, Hypertension and HDL-C Alter Serum BACE1 Activity in Cognitively Normal Subjects: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Increasing evidence indicates that β-secretase 1 (BACE1) activity and concentration in blood are candidate biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Investigating potential demographic, biological, and clinical determinants of BACE1 in the blood matrix is the critical step to validate and qualify BACE1 bio-indicators for different contexts-of-use (CoU), such as risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, management of AD, and outcome of amyloid pathway targeted drugs.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of age, sex, HDL-cholesterol and comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes) on circulating BACE-1 activity.

Obesity and Brain Health: The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Cognitive Performances in Middle-Aged Obese Women.

Background: Mid-life obesity has been reported to be a significant risk factor for later-life dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been suggested to have an adverse effect while cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been suggested to have a protective effect on cognitive function of older adults. However, studies investigating such effects in middle-aged obese women are limited.

Delayed Decline of Cognitive Function by Antihypertensive Agents: A Cohort Study Linked with Genotype Data.

Background: Arterial hypertension is among factors with the potential for increasing the risk of cognitive impairment in elderly subjects. However, studies investigating the effects of antihypertensives on cognitive function have reported mixed results.

Methods: We have used the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set (UDS) to investigate the effect of each class of antihypertensives, both as single and combined, in reducing the rate of conversion from normal to mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Systolic Blood Pressure and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Role of Frailty.

Objectives: To investigate whether frailty modifies the association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting: A population-based study of nationally representative older Chinese adults in a community setting.

Intrinsic Capacity Impairment Patterns and their Associations with Unfavorable Medication Utilization: A Nationwide Population-Based Study of 37,993 Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: Our aim was to explore the patterns of intrinsic capacity (IC) impairments among community-dwelling older adults and the associations of these different patterns with excessive polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications, and adverse drug reactions in a nationwide population-based study.

Design: A cross-sectional study included older adults from the Taiwan Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) program in 2020.

Setting And Participants: The study subjects comprised 38,308 adults aged 65 years and older who participated in the ICOPE Step 1 screening and assessed six domains of IC following the World Health Organization (WHO) ICOPE approach.

Association between the Lymphocyte-to-C-Reactive Protein Ratio and Survival Outcomes in Cancer Patients with GLIM-Defined Malnutrition: A Multicenter Study.

Background And Aims: This study assessed the prognostic value of LCR in patients with cancer-associated malnutrition (CAM). Systemic inflammatory markers, particularly the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), are related to the survival of patients with CAM. The present retrospective analysis based on a prospective multicenter cohort study, which involved 1,437 hospitalized patients with CAM.

Nurses' Perceptions of Medical Laboratory Scientists: Mistaken Identity and Misplaced Regard.

Introduction: The medical laboratory science (MLS) profession is an integral part of the healthcare team, providing diagnostic laboratory results used to determine directives in the treatment and management of disease processes. There is a scarcity of literature describing other healthcare professionals' perceptions of medical laboratory scientists. Research also suggests MLS professionals feel unrecognized for contributions to patient care.

Assessment of Academic Resilience as a Non-Cognitive Variable in Entry-Level Doctor of Physical Therapy Students.

The purposes of this study were to assess whether a correlation existed between academic resilience with success in the first semester of a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program, measured by grade point average (GPA), and to understand the lived experiences of first-semester DPT students when they transition to graduate school. This was a mixed methods study using a retrospective non-experimental correlational design and sequential-explanatory research. The non-cognitive construct of academic resilience was measured by the Academic Resilience Scale-30, delivered online pre-enrollment.