Beyond Vision: A View from Eye to Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia.

With the aging of the global population, the health care burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia is considered to increase dramatically in the coming decades. Given the insufficiency of effective interventions for AD and dementia, clinical research on identifying potentially modifiable risk factors and early diagnostic biomarkers becomes a public health priority. Currently, extracerebral manifestations with a large proportion of ocular involvement are usually recognized to precede the symptoms of AD and dementia.

The Therapeutic Effects of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Combined with Cognitive Training in Elders with Alzheimer's Disease or Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Recent studies have indicated that noninvasive brain stimulation combined with cognitive interval (NIBS-CI) improved cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Amnesic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI). While previous interventions have demonstrated that a single targeted cognitive intervention can improve cognitive function, the outcomes of using both interventions simultaneously are less well-established. Therefore, this study aims to perform a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of NIBS-CI in treating cognitive impairment associated with AD and a-MCI, with the goal of obtaining novel insights into this combined intervention.

China Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research (CANDOR) -A Prospective Cohort Study for Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are the two main causes of dementia. AD and VCI share similar symptoms of cognitive decline and may be attributable to similar risk factors. Establishing a prospective cohort to compare VCI and AD would help to understand vascular risk factors related to dementia.

Comparative Analysis of Intrinsic Capacity Impairments, Determinants, and Clinical Consequences in Older Community-Dwellers in Japan and Taiwan: Longitudinal Studies Showing Shared Traits and Distinct Presentations.

Objectives: Despite the recognized impact of intrinsic capacity (IC) impairment on healthy aging, international comparisons in different sociocultural contexts are scarce. This study aimed to compare IC impairment among community-dwelling older adults in Japan and Taiwan to explore the context of healthy aging in different countries.

Design: Comparative observational study.

Association between Iodized Salt Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults in China.

Objectives: To investigate the association between iodized salt intake and cognitive function in older adults.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Settings: Individuals from the Zhejiang Major Public Health Surveillance Program (ZPHS).

Late-Night Overeating and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Adults Aged ≥ 50: A Cohort Study.

Background: Late-night overeating (LNOE) is closely associated with many health risk factors, but whether LNOE can increase the risk of death remains unknown. Thus, the prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between LNOE and mortality using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods: 11,893 participants aged 50 years and older were included in the study.

Combining a Frailty Index Based on Laboratory Data and Pneumonia Severity Assessments to Predict In-Hospital Outcomes in Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Objectives: Due to the increased morbidity, mortality, and cost of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in older people, strategies directed at improving disease evaluation and prevention are imperative. We independently compared the 30-day in-hospital mortality prediction ability of a frailty index based on laboratory data (FI-Lab) with that of the CURB-65 and the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and then proposed combining them to further improve prediction efficiency.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Association of Dental Caries with Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Sarcopenia: A Community-Based Study.

Objectives: Changes in the oral cavity can reflect other changes throughout the body. This study aimed to investigate the association of dental caries with muscle mass, muscle strength, and sarcopenia, and also to describe the microbial diversity, composition, and community structure of severe dental caries and sarcopenia.

Design: Cross-sectional study based on a Chinese population aged from 50 to 85 years.

Socioeconomic Status and Risks of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 39 Prospective Studies.

Background: In recent decades, increased attention has been paid to the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on cognition function and dementia, however, an ongoing debate continues to exist. The objective of our study was to explore the potential effect of SES on the risks of cognitive dysfunction and dementia.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for prospective studies from inception to 9 January 2022.

Poor Health Behaviors among Housebound Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults Due to Prolonged Self-Restraint during the First COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Prolonged self-restraining behaviors induced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's containment measures can limit various positive health behaviors.

Objective: We examined the decline in going-out and certain other positive health behaviors and investigated the relationship between excessive decreases in going-out frequency and declining engagement in positive health behaviors among community-dwelling older adults during the self-restraint period.

Design: This study employed a cross-sectional survey design.

Association of High Muscle Mass with Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Community-Based Population Cohort Study.

Objectives: Although low muscle mass may make an under-appreciated contribution to increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, no prospective studies have explored the association between low muscle mass and carotid atherosclerosis. We investigated whether muscle mass was related to a higher carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and carotid artery plaque in a community-based population.

Methods: The study included 1,253 asymptomatic participants without known cardiovascular disease, who underwent carotid ultrasonography at baseline in 2013-2014 and received a re-examination in 2015-2016.

The Burden of Colorectal Cancer Attributable to Diet Low in Fiber from 1990 to 2019: A Global, Regional and National Analysis.

Objectives: The colorectal cancer (CRC) burden is increasingly high. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal and geographical trends in CRC deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to diet low in fiber globally from 1990 to 2019.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trajectories of ADL Disability among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: Findings from the CHARLS Cohort Study.

Objectives: There is little evidence on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and disability trajectories among middle-aged and older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between ACEs and activities of daily living (ADL) trajectories over eight years of follow-up and the mediation role of different chronic diseases on this relationship.

Design: Prospective cohort study, eight-year follow-up.

Systolic Blood Pressure and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Role of Frailty.

Objectives: To investigate whether frailty modifies the association of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting: A population-based study of nationally representative older Chinese adults in a community setting.

Association between the Lymphocyte-to-C-Reactive Protein Ratio and Survival Outcomes in Cancer Patients with GLIM-Defined Malnutrition: A Multicenter Study.

Background And Aims: This study assessed the prognostic value of LCR in patients with cancer-associated malnutrition (CAM). Systemic inflammatory markers, particularly the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), are related to the survival of patients with CAM. The present retrospective analysis based on a prospective multicenter cohort study, which involved 1,437 hospitalized patients with CAM.

ComABAN: refining molecular representation with the graph attention mechanism to accelerate drug discovery.

An unsolved challenge in developing molecular representation is determining an optimal method to characterize the molecular structure. Comprehension of intramolecular interactions is paramount toward achieving this goal. In this study, ComABAN, a new graph-attention-based approach, is proposed to improve the accuracy of molecular representation by simultaneously considering atom-atom, bond-bond and atom-bond interactions.

Frailty and Associated Factors among Chinese Centenarians.

Objectives: The study aimed to apply the frailty index (FI) to assess frailty status among Chinese centenarians and analyse its associated factors.

Design: The study was a cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: The study included 1043 centenarians (742 females and 301 males) aged ≥100 years from the 2018 wave of the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

Eggs Consumption in Relation to Lower Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly: Findings from a 6-Year Cohort Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the longitudinal association of eggs consumption with cognitive function in Chinese elderly.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: 9028 participants aged ≥60 years from Zhejiang Ageing and Health Cohort Study without cognitive impairment at baseline survey.

Association of Loss of Occlusal Pairs of Teeth with Sarcopenia in a Chinese Population of Community-Dwelling Elderly.

Objectives: Tooth loss, which usually leads to malnutrition, is common in the elderly. However, limited information is available regarding its association with sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between loss of occlusal pairs of tooth and sarcopenia.

The Effects of Dual-Task Training on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objective: Individuals with Alzheimer disease and dementia experience cognitive decline and reduction in physical capabilities. Engaging in cognitive challenges and physical exercises is effective in reducing age-related cognitive and physical decline. It is believed that physical activity in the context of cognitive challenges might enhance the process of neurogenesis in the adult brain, but how effective are such interventions? Is there enough evidence to support that dual-task training is more effective than cognitive or physical training alone? To what extent can such training improve cognitive and physical functions in patients at various stages of cognitive decline?

Methodology: This systematic review with meta-analysis summarizes the emerging evidence of dual-task training for enhancing cognitive and physical functions in older individuals with cognitive impairment, dementia or Alzheimer's disease.

Tau Pathologies Mediate the Associations of Vascular Risk Burden with Cognitive Impairments in Non-demented Elders: The CABLE Study.

Background: Studies suggested that vascular dysfunction might increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms still remain obscure.

Objective: To evaluate the associations of vascular risk burden with AD core pathologies and investigate the effects of AD core pathologies on relationships between vascular risk burden and cognitive impairments.

Design: The Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestyLE (CABLE) study was principally focusing on aging, as well as the risk factors and biomarkers of AD initiated in 2017.