Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor signaling alleviates gut inflammation in mice.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are gut-derived peptide hormones that potentiate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The clinical development of GIP receptor (GIPR)-GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) multi-agonists exemplified by tirzepatide and emerging GIPR antagonist-GLP-1R agonist therapeutics such as maritide is increasing interest in the extra-pancreatic actions of incretin therapies. Both GLP-1 and GIP modulate inflammation, with GLP-1 also acting locally to alleviate gut inflammation in part through anti-inflammatory actions on GLP-1R+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.

CPX-351 +/- gemtuzumab ozogamicin as induction therapy for adult patients with newly diagnosed, favourable-intermediate risk, FLT3-ITD negative, AML: A pilot study.

This pilot study evaluated CPX-351 in adults with newly diagnosed, favourable-intermediate risk, FLT3-ITD-negative AML. Twenty patients received CPX-351 for induction, with six also receiving gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO). The complete response rate was 95%, with 42% achieving flow-based minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity post-induction.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Small and Very Small Aortic Valve Annuli: A Propensity-Matched Analysis Between Self-Expanding Versus Balloon-Expandable Valves.

Background: The management of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) patients with a small aortic annulus (SAA) postures a substantial challenge, increasing the risk of patient- prosthesis mismatch (PPM) and overall mortality.

Aims: This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic and clinical outcomes of transcatheter balloon-expandable valve (BEV) versus transcatheter self-expandable valve (SEV) in SAA.

Methods: We conducted propensity score matching (PSM) of severe AS patients with SAA who underwent trans-femoral TAVR and enrolled to the Israeli TAVR registry between the years 2008 and 2023.

Long-term outcome of pediatric acute severe colitis: A prospective 5-year follow-up of the PRASCO trial.

Objectives: The PRASCO trial reported the short-term superiority of an antibiotic cocktail plus intravenous corticosteroids (IVCS) over IVCS alone in children with acute severe colitis (ASC). Here, we report the extension of the PRASCO trial and the long-term outcomes of the antibiotic cocktail in ASC.

Methods: This prospective follow-up of the PRASCO trial documented disease outcomes and treatments annually through 5 years.

Complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with postpartum hemorrhage: case series and systematic review of individual participant data.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is considered a risk factor for pregnancy-associated complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (CM-HUS; previously known as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome) but has not been systematically studied.

Objectives: To systematically examine the role of postpartum hemorrhage in precipitating CM-HUS and to describe the characteristics of postpartum hemorrhage-associated CM-HUS, its prognosis and recommended management.

Methods: A systematic review of individual participant data from case series and reports in addition to a case series from our institution.

Protective eyewear in children with one eye vision loss: compliance and trends.

Purpose: Safety glasses are an important measure to prevent blindness, especially in one- eyed patients. However, patient compliance with eye protection is often limited. Unlike previous studies that described protective eyewear wearing in anophthalmic patients, this study analyzed their usage in functionally one-eyed children, having a significantly reduced visual acuity in one eye, determining common obstacles to their use.

Impaired Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Yellow Nail Syndrome.

Background: Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder characterized by a triad of yellow dystrophic nails, lymphedema, and chronic lung disease. Most patients present in adulthood, with only a few congenital or familial cases described. The cause of YNS remains largely unknown, although defects in lymphatic vessel development are suggested to play a significant role.

Alterations in Response Switching in Parkinson's Disease: New Insights Into Cueing.

Switching, a critical executive function, can manifest as task switching (TS) or response switching (RS). Although TS impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) are well-studied, RS, especially in contexts requiring adaptive behavior to external or internal cues, is less explored. This study evaluated the impact of PD on RS under exogenous and endogenous cueing.

Comparative analysis of diagnostic accuracy in adult congenital heart disease: A study of three physician groups and ChatGPT.

This research letter evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of three physician groups-pediatric cardiologists, adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) specialists, and general cardiologists-and compares it to the performance of an AI (Artificial Intelligence) LLM model. Based on eight targeted questions in adult congenital heart disease, the analysis highlights significant disparities in correct answer rates, with congenital specialists achieving the highest accuracy and the AI model - the lowest.

Impact of dopamine deficiency and REM sleep behavior disorder on cognition in early neuronal synuclein disease with hyposmia.

Objectives: To determine the impact of dopamine deficiency and isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) on cognitive performance in early neuronal alpha-synuclein disease (NSD) with hyposmia.

Methods: Using Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative baseline data, cognitive performance was assessed with a cognitive summary score (CSS) developed by applying regression-based internal norms derived from a robust healthy control (HC) group. Performance was examined for participants with hyposmia classified as NSD-Integrated Staging System (NSD-ISS) Stage 2, either Stage 2A (CSF alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay [SAA]+, SPECT dopamine transporter scan [DaTscan]-) or 2B (SAA+, DaTscan+).

Neonatal outcomes between trial of labor and cesarean delivery for extreme preterm infants.

Objective: To compare adverse neonatal outcomes between trial of vaginal delivery and upfront cesarean delivery for singleton infants born at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted at a university-affiliated tertiary medical center between 2011 and 2022, involving singleton pregnancies delivered between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation. Participants were divided into two groups based on their intended mode of delivery: a trial of labor (TOL) group and an upfront cesarean delivery (CD) group.

Relationship between prenatal ultrasound signs and genetic abnormalities for fetal malformations of cortical development.

To explore the relationship between ultrasound signs of suspected fetal malformation of cortical development (MCD) and genetic MCD.The retrospective study involved fetuses with one of the following 10 neurosonography (NSG) signs: (A) abnormal development of the Sylvian fissure; (B) delayed achievement of cortical milestones; (C) premature or aberrant appearance of sulcation; (D) irregular border of the ventricular wall or irregular shape of the ventricle; (E) abnormal shape or orientation of the sulci; (F) hemispheric asymmetry; (G) non-continuous cerebral cortex; (H) intraparenchymal echogenic nodules; (I) persistent ganglionic eminence (GE) or GE cavitation; (J) abnormal cortical lamination.95 fetuses were included in the study.

Body composition in prepubertal children with idiopathic premature adrenarche: implications for cardiometabolic health.

Background: Premature adrenarche (PA) has been reported as a potential precursor of metabolic disease. We aimed to explore the interaction between body composition and cardiometabolic health of prepubertal children with PA.

Methods: This observational study comprised of 87 children with PA (15 boys, 8.

Annotated interictal discharges in intracranial EEG sleep data and related machine learning detection scheme.

Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) such as spikes and sharp waves represent pathological electrophysiological activities occurring in epilepsy patients between seizures. IEDs occur preferentially during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and are associated with impaired memory and cognition. Despite growing interest, most studies involving IED detections rely on visual annotations or employ simple amplitude threshold approaches.

Clinical Characterization and Prognostic Risk Factors of Susac Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background And Objectives: Susac syndrome (SuS) is a rare disorder characterized by encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusion, and sensorineural hearing loss, often accompanied by vertigo. Recent updates to diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines have been made. This study examines clinical manifestations; disease activity; and risk factors of disability, dependency, and return to work in patients with SuS.

Factors Influencing Refractive Surgery Rejection in Israeli Patients.

Background: One of the major causes of reversible visual impairment is a refractive error, which can be corrected through refractive surgery. Data regarding the outcomes and complications of these procedures exist; however, there is a notable gap in understanding the factors leading to patient rejection, particularly in diverse populations like Israel.

Objectives: To detect clinical risk factors of patients who intend to undergo LASIK procedure and to improve the conversion rates of LASIK procedure in this population.

[Letters to Editor: The risk for clinically significant copy number variants in pregnancies with two soft markers, Geriatriophobia - a new concept in the medical world in Israel].

Letters to Editor: The risk for clinically significant copy number variants in pregnancies with two soft markers, Geriatriophobia - a new concept in the medical world in Israel.

Nephrocalcinosis tendency does not worsen under burosumab treatment for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: a multicenter pediatric study.

Background: X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is associated with uninhibited FGF23 activity, which leads to phosphaturia, hypophosphatemia and depressed active vitamin D (1,25OH2D) levels. Conventional treatment with phosphate supplements and vitamin D analogs may lead to hypercalciuria (HC), nephrocalcinosis (NC) and hyperparathyroidism. We investigated the effects of burosumab treatment, an anti-FGF23 monoclonal antibody recently approved for XLH, on these complications.

Outcomes and Prognosis of COVID-19-Induced Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients Treated with Prolonged Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Predicting whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment duration affects prognosis is important both medically and economically. : We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study to better understand the outcomes of patients treated with veno-venous (VV) ECMO over a prolonged duration, analyzing data from the Israel ECMO registry. The study included all adult patients treated with VV-ECMO due to COVID-19-induced respiratory failure.

Biomechanical Finite Element Analysis of Two Types of Short-Angled Implants Across Various Bone Classifications.

The aim of this finite element analysis (FEA) was to investigate the distribution of von Mises stress within dental implant components, as well as trabecular and cortical bone. The study considered various bone qualities that influence cortical thickness in contact with the implant, specifically examining cortical thicknesses of 0.5, 1.

Direct anterior vs other surgical approaches in patients with lumbar stiffness undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The effectiveness of the direct anterior approach (DAA) compared to other surgical approaches for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with lumbar spine stiffness remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare clinical outcomes, including dislocation rates and other complications, between DAA and other surgical approaches for THA in patients with lumbar spine stiffness.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the DAA with other surgical approaches (anterolateral, direct lateral, posterolateral and direct superior) in patients with lumbar spine stiffness undergoing THA.

The characterization of new de novo CACNA1G variants affecting the intracellular gate of Cav3.1 channel broadens the spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes in SCA42ND.

Purpose: Missense de novo variants in CACNA1G, which encodes the Cav3.1 T-type calcium channel, have been associated with a severe, early-onset form of cerebellar disorder with neurodevelopmental deficits (SCA42ND). We explored a large series of pediatric cases carrying heterozygous variants in CACNA1G to further characterize genotype-phenotype correlations in SCA42ND.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in chronically damaged skin (Marjolin's Ulcer): still an unmet need in the era of immunotherapy.

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is characterized by a high tumor mutational burden due to solar damage and a favorable response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Yet, we encounter tumors arising in areas with minimal sun exposure, such as cSCC that develops in chronically inflamed skin, also known as Marjolin's Ulcer (MU). The response of MU-SCC to immunotherapy remains unknown.