Metformin intake and risk of metabolic acidosis after radical cystectomy with urinary diversion: A comparative study using data from the TriNetX research network.

Purpose: To investigate the association of diabetes mellitus and metformin use with metabolic acidosis risk after radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion for bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study used TriNetX Research Network data. Patients undergoing RC with continent diversion or ileal conduit for bladder cancer were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) and ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) codes.

Inflammation and Coagulation in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders.

Coagulation factors are intrinsically expressed in various brain cells, including astrocytes and microglia. Their interaction with the inflammatory system is important for the well-being of the brain, but they are also crucial in the development of many diseases in the brain such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. The cellular effects of coagulation are mediated mainly by protease-activated receptors.

Pembrolizumab in microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) and non-MSI-H/non-dMMR advanced endometrial cancer: Phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study results.

Objective: We report updated results with longer follow-up in patients with MSI-H/dMMR endometrial cancer (EC) in cohort D (advanced EC of any MSI/dMMR status) and cohort K (any MSI-H/dMMR advanced solid tumor, except colorectal) of the phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study (NCT02628067) and the first results from patients with non-MSI-H/non-dMMR advanced EC (cohort D).

Methods: Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W for ≥35 cycles. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.

Precision Oncology: A Global Perspective on Implementation and Policy Development.

Despite the acknowledged merits of precision oncology (PO) and its increasing global implementation, its full potential for advancing care and prevention remains unrealized. The benefits are currently accessible to only limited patient segments because of multifaceted barriers. Successful implementation hinges on various factors-scientific complexities not limited to technical, clinical, regulatory, economic, administrative, and health care policy-related challenges.

Cushing's syndrome related to higher rates and earlier onset of cataract: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate the risk of cataract in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and evaluate whether disease onset occurs at an earlier age compared to general population.

Methods: A nationwide retrospective matched-cohort study including individuals diagnosed with endogenous CS from 2000 to 2023. Patients with CS were matched in a 1:5 ratio with a control group individually matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and body mass index.

Elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Prognosis in Acute Myocarditis.

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easy-to-use inflammatory biomarker. Baseline NLR is independently associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, whether this applies to acute myocarditis (AM) has not been evaluated.

Dissociative and Deep Sedations Administered by Trained Unsupervised Pediatric Residents in Israeli Emergency Departments.

Study Objective: To cover pediatric emergency physicians' off-hours, third-year pediatric residents in Israel are trained for unsupervised administration of emergency department (ED) dissociative and deep sedation. We assessed the frequency of critical sedation events associated with resident-performed sedations.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review on all patients receiving intravenous sedation across 10 pediatric EDs between January 2018 and September 2022.

Intratumoral or Subcutaneous MK-2118, a Non-Cyclic Dinucleotide STING Agonist, With or Without Pembrolizumab for Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors or Lymphomas.

Background: We evaluated the non-cyclic dinucleotide stimulator of interferon genes agonist MK-2118 ± pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas.

Methods: This first-in-human study (NCT03249792) enrolled patients with refractory, advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. Patients received intratumoral (IT) MK-2118 100-20,000 µg (arm 1), IT MK-2118 900-15,000 µg plus intravenous (IV) pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks (Q3W; arm 2), or subcutaneous (SC) MK-2118 5000-150,000 µg plus IV pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W (arm 4); arm 3 (visceral injection of MK-2118) was not pursued.

Tranexamic Acid and Heterotopic Ossification Formation Following Elbow Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: This study investigates whether the intra-operative administration of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA), known for its hemostatic and potential anti-inflammatory properties, affects the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) following surgery for elbow fracture-dislocations.

Methods: Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial.

Setting: Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery Unit.

In Vivo Imaging of Cobalt-Induced Ocular Toxicity in a Mouse Model.

Cobalt is a trace element, crucial for red blood cell formation and neurological function. Cobalt toxicity is often only diagnosed after severe manifestations, including visual impairment. We aimed to investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can effectively detect cobalt-induced ocular toxicity in a murine model.

Effects of the Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation System on Heartburn, Regurgitation and Esophageal Acid Exposure in GERD Patients-An Uncontrolled Feasibility Study.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are associated with a high failure rate. Our uncontrolled feasibility study aimed determining the effect of a transcutaneous electrical stimulation system (TESS) on GERD symptoms and acid exposure time (AET).

Methods: Recruited patients with heartburn and regurgitation.

Is the freezing index a valid outcome to assess freezing of gait during turning in Parkinson's disease?

Introduction: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a disabling symptom for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). Turning on the spot for one minute in alternating directions (360 turn) while performing a cognitive dual-task (DT) is a fast and sensitive way to provoke FOG. The FOG-index is a widely used wearable sensor-based algorithm to quantify FOG severity during turning.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes mitigate amyloid β-induced retinal toxicity: Insights from rat model and cellular studies.

Amyloid β (Aβ) has emerged as a pathophysiological driver in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), emphasizing its significance in the aetiology of this prevalent sight-threatening condition. The multifaceted nature of AMD pathophysiology, presumably involving diverse retinal cascades, corresponds with the complexity of Aβ-induced retinopathy. Therefore, targeting a broad array of pathogenic processes holds promise for therapeutic intervention in AMD-associated retinal pathology.

Access to CARe: A Narrative of Real-World Medical Decision-Making to Access Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a potentially life-saving treatment for children with relapsed/refractory B-cell hematologic malignancies, and remains an important investigational therapy for other childhood cancers. Yet, access to this class of therapies remains suboptimal through both commercial use and clinical trials, especially in children, adolescents, and young adults. Using a series of case-based discussions, we outline guidance on real-world medical decision-making, and offer potential solutions to enhancing access to CAR T-cell therapy as a treatment modality.

Behavioral problems, dissociative symptoms, and empathic behaviors in children adopted in infancy from institutional and foster care in the Czech Republic.

This study examined if considerably different caregiving experiences in infancy influence socio-emotional development later in childhood. We included children aged 6-9 years who were, immediately after birth, placed in quality state-run institutions (N = 24) or quality state-run foster care with one family (N = 23). All children have lived in stable families since their adoption before 15 months of age.

Triggering final follicular maturation for IVF cycles.

As part of a conventional controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) regimen, final follicular maturation is usually triggered by a single bolus dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). COH, which combines GnRH antagonist co-treatment with GnRH agonist(GnRHa) trigger, is often used in attempts to eliminate severe early ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and to improve oocyte/embryo yield and quality. Recently, the combination of GnRHa, with hCG trigger has also been implemented into clinical practice.

Continuing bonds and the posthumous child.

The strategies that bereaved individuals use to establish an ongoing bond with the deceased have attracted considerable attention. However, the narratives of young widows pregnant at the time of their partner's death reveal unique strategies that have not yet received attention in the literature. This interpretive phenomenological research explores the strategies employed by 13 Israeli widows who lost their partners while pregnant.

When We Make Errors and Do Harm: A Narrative Review of Second Victim Syndrome and Implications for Neuro-Ophthalmologists.

Background: In the aftermath of an adverse event, the first priority is to provide care for the patient, known as the first victim. However, the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in these events, known as "second victims", have been largely overlooked. This review aims to consolidate existing knowledge on second victim syndrome (SVS), explore its unique implications for neuro-ophthalmologists, and suggest support strategies to increase awareness and meet the needs of affected colleagues.

Recovery of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy- A Contemporary Cohort Study.

Background: Data on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) recovery in patients with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) are limited.

Objectives: To evaluate LVEF recovery rate, its predictors and association with cardiovascular outcomes in a contemporary and diverse AIC cohort.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients diagnosed with AIC from 2010-2023 at two U.

The Safety Profile of Amiodarone Among Older Adults (age ≥ 75 years): A Pharmacovigilance Study from the FDA Data.

Background: Amiodarone is a widely used antiarrhythmic agent with significant toxicities and drug interactions more likely to affect older adults. Nevertheless, data regarding amiodarone safety in this population are limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data from 2003 to 2024 .

Disease-modifying strategies: Targeting protein kinases in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders.

A wide variety of immunomodulatory therapies are already available for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Through fundamental insights from basic research with a gain of knowledge in the pathological processes underlying MS, the exploration of additional medical compounds within clinical trials has been ignited. Emerging novel medications with innovative mechanisms of action are being introduced.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Reanalysis of Urothelial Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy Trials With Differential Censoring.

Importance: Three similar phase 3 randomized clinical trials have investigated PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death 1 protein/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1) inhibitors in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor130, atezolizumab; KEYNOTE-361, pembrolizumab; and CheckMate901, nivolumab). Only CheckMate901 reported overall survival (OS) benefit for the combination. The reason for these inconsistent results is unclear.

Association between lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases in colon cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis.

Aim: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a well-known risk factor in colorectal cancer that is associated with a worse prognosis. The present study aimed to assess the characteristics of patients with LVI-positive colon cancer according to the status of nodal metastases and to study the association between LVI-nodal status and survival.

Method: This retrospective study assessed the association between LVI and lymph node metastases in colon cancer, using data from the National Cancer Database.