Representation of intensivists' race/ethnicity, sex, and age by artificial intelligence: a cross-sectional study of two text-to-image models.

Background: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into intensive care practices can enhance patient care by providing real-time predictions and aiding clinical decisions. However, biases in AI models can undermine diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts, particularly in visual representations of healthcare professionals. This work aims to examine the demographic representation of two AI text-to-image models, Midjourney and ChatGPT DALL-E 2, and assess their accuracy in depicting the demographic characteristics of intensivists.

Prognostic scores for ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients predict graft loss and mortality in recurrent primary biliary cholangitis after liver transplantation.

Background & Aims: Recurrent primary biliary cholangitis (rPBC) develops in approximately 30% of patients and negatively impacts graft and overall patient survival after liver transplantation (LT). There is a lack of data regarding the response rate to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in rPBC. We evaluated a large, international, multi-center cohort to assess the performance of PBC scores in predicting the risk of graft and overall survival after LT in patients with rPBC.

The future of International Classification of Diseases coding in steatotic liver disease: An expert panel Delphi consensus statement.

Background: Following the adoption of new nomenclature for steatotic liver disease, we aimed to build consensus on the use of International Classification of Diseases codes and recommendations for future research and advocacy.

Methods: Through a two-stage Delphi process, a core group (n = 20) reviewed draft statements and recommendations (n = 6), indicating levels of agreement. Following revisions, this process was repeated with a large expert panel (n = 243) from 73 countries.

A global action agenda for turning the tide on fatty liver disease.

Background And Aims: Fatty liver disease is a major public health threat due to its very high prevalence and related morbidity and mortality. Focused and dedicated interventions are urgently needed to target disease prevention, treatment, and care.

Approach And Results: We developed an aligned, prioritized action agenda for the global fatty liver disease community of practice.

Dietary strategies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: From evidence to daily clinical practice, a systematic review.

Lifestyle modification comprising calorie restriction (CR) and increased physical activity enabling weight loss is the first-line of treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, CR alone is not optimal and evidence suggests that dietary pattern and composition are also critical in NAFLD management. Accordingly, high consumption of red and processed meat, saturated fat, added sugar, and sweetened beverages are associated with an increased risk of developing NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma, while other foods and compounds such as fish, olive oil, and polyphenols are, in contrast, beneficial for metabolic disorders.

A global research priority agenda to advance public health responses to fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims: An estimated 38% of adults worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). From individual impacts to widespread public health and economic consequences, the implications of this disease are profound. This study aimed to develop an aligned, prioritised fatty liver disease research agenda for the global health community.

Research Priorities for Precision Medicine in NAFLD.

NAFLD is a multisystem condition and the leading cause of chronic liver disease globally. There are no approved NAFLD-specific dugs. To advance in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD, there is a clear need to better understand the pathophysiology and genetic and environmental risk factors, identify subphenotypes, and develop personalized and precision medicine.

The "purse string" technique for anterior glenohumeral instability: long-term results 7-13-year follow-up.

Purpose: The "Purse-String Technique" (PST) is an arthroscopic horizontal mattress suture technique for recurrent anterior shoulder instability that uses a single double-loaded suture anchor at the 4-o' clock position, achieving a Bankart labral repair and an infero-superior capsular shift. In this study, we describe the long-term results of the PST.

Methods: The study included 69 individuals (70 shoulders), with a mean age of 30 years, who had recurrent post-traumatic anteroinferior instability.

Optimized definition of right ventricular dysfunction on computed tomography for risk stratification of pulmonary embolism.

Objectives: There is an ongoing discussion on the optimal right to left (RV/LV) diameter ratio threshold and the best definition of RV dysfunction on computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for risk assessment of pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: On routine diagnostic CTPA, volumetric and diameter measurements (axial and reconstructed views) of the ventricles and reflux of contrast medium into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins were assessed in consecutive PE patients enrolled in a prospective single-center registry. In-hospital adverse outcome was defined as PE-related death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation or catecholamine administration.

The Scientific Study of Consciousness Cannot and Should Not Be Morally Neutral.

A target question for the scientific study of consciousness is how dimensions of consciousness, such as the ability to feel pain and pleasure or reflect on one's own experience, vary in different states and animal species. Considering the tight link between consciousness and moral status, answers to these questions have implications for law and ethics. Here we point out that given this link, the scientific community studying consciousness may face implicit pressure to carry out certain research programs or interpret results in ways that justify current norms rather than challenge them.

Editor's Choice - Peri-Operative Outcomes of Carotid Endarterectomy are Not Improved on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy vs. Aspirin Monotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the peri-operative outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) vs. aspirin monotherapy was carried out, to determine optimal peri-operative management with these antiplatelet agents.

Data Sources: The Web of Science, Pubmed, and Embase databases were searched from inception to July 2021.

Escort of older people into the operating room: A feasibility study.

Background: While special care is given to perioperative risk assessment and management of older people undergoing surgery, psychological aspects have been largely neglected. Escort presence in the operating room (OR) is common practice in the surgical paediatric and obstetric populations and may be beneficial in older people.

Objectives: This study explored the feasibility of family member escort of older people into the OR and their presence until induction of anaesthesia.

The global NAFLD policy review and preparedness index: Are countries ready to address this silent public health challenge?

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent, yet largely underappreciated liver condition which is closely associated with obesity and metabolic disease. Despite affecting an estimated 1 in 4 adults globally, NAFLD is largely absent on national and global health agendas.

Methods: We collected data from 102 countries, accounting for 86% of the world population, on NAFLD policies, guidelines, civil society engagement, clinical management, and epidemiologic data.

Quantitation of Silica Contents in Lung Explants of Transplanted Patients: Artificial Stone-Induced Silicosis vs. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Spectrophotometric techniques provide qualitative but not quantitative data on lung particles. We aimed to quantitate silica content in biopsies of lung-transplanted silicosis patients by applying X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. Lung biopsies of 17 lung-transplanted artificial patients were quantitated for silica and other minerals particles by Niton XL3 XRF spectrometry.

Gonadectomy in conditions affecting sex development: a registry-based cohort study.

Objectives: To determine trends in clinical practice for individuals with DSD requiring gonadectomy.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Information regarding age at gonadectomy according to diagnosis; reported sex; time of presentation to specialist centre; and location of centre from cases reported to the International DSD Registry and who were over 16 years old in January 2019.

Observational cohort study of IP-10's potential as a biomarker to aid in inflammation regulation within a clinical decision support protocol for patients with severe COVID-19.

Background: Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients requires simultaneous management of oxygenation and inflammation without compromising viral clearance. While multiple tools are available to aid oxygenation, data supporting immune biomarkers for monitoring the host-pathogen interaction across disease stages and for titrating immunomodulatory therapy is lacking.

Methods: In this single-center cohort study, we used an immunoassay platform that enables rapid and quantitative measurement of interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), a host protein involved in lung injury from virus-induced hyperinflammation.

The relationship between resited epidural catheters after secondary epidural catheter failure and vaginal delivery: A retrospective case-control study.

Background: There are cases where epidural analgesia is initially effective but subsequently fails and needs to be resited. We evaluated the rate of normal vaginal delivery and operative delivery among parturients who had resited epidurals compared to parturients with epidurals that were not resited.

Methods: A retrospective electronic medical review of parturients with a singleton gestation attempting normal vaginal delivery under epidural analgesia between the years 2012-2016 was conducted.