Predictor of Visual Impairment Following Paraclinoid Aneurysm Surgery: Special Consideration of Surgical Microanatomy Related to Paraclinoid Structures.

Background: Microsurgical clipping with extradural anterior clinoidectomy (EDAC) for paraclinoid aneurysm is an established technique with good angiographic outcomes, although postoperative worsening of visual acuity remains a concern. Multiple reports show visual acuity deteriorating after clipping, yet the cause remains unclear.

Objective: To analyze results of asymptomatic paraclinoid aneurysm surgeries treated with EDACs, specifically focusing on the microanatomy of paraclinoid structure dissection.

Effect of Cycling Thalamosubthalamic Stimulation on Tremor Habituation and Rebound in Parkinson Disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation is an effective treatment for severe tremor in essential tremor and Parkinson disease (PD). However, progressive loss of the beneficial effects of deep brain stimulation may occur due to several factors.

Case Description: We assessed the effects of different temporal patterns of cycling stimulation in the posterior subthalamic area, subthalamic nucleus, and the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus in 3 PD patients with early decline of tremor suppression associated with severe tremor rebound.

Giant Fusiform and Dolichoectatic Aneurysms of the Basilar Trunk and Vertebrobasilar Junction-Clinicopathological and Surgical Outcome.

Background: Giant fusiform and dolichoectatic aneurysms of the basilar trunk and vertebrobasilar junction (BTVBJ-GFDA) are extremely difficult to treat.

Objective: To evaluate factors influencing survival and outcome of BTVBJ-GFDA by performing a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Methods: A total of 32 patients with BTVBJ-GFDA were included in this study.

Lateral Position With Gantry Tilt Further Improves Computed Tomography Image Quality Reconstructed Using Single-Energy Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm in the Oral Cavity.

Objective: To assess the limitations of single-energy metal artifact reduction algorithm in the oral cavity and evaluate the availability of a solution by setting the patient in a lateral position (LP) with the use of a gantry tilt (GT).

Methods: We analyzed 88 patients with dental metals retrospectively in study 1, and 74 patients prospectively in study 2. Patients were classified: metal I with dental metals in 1 region, metal II in 2 regions, and metal III in 3 regions.

Early experience of single level full endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy and comparison with microscope-assisted open surgery.

Background: Posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) is one of the standard surgeries for treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. Full endoscopic application for PCF has recently applied to minimize traumatization of the surgical access. Here we present our early experience of full endoscopic PCF (FEPCF) and compared with results of microscope-assisted open PCF (OPCF) surgery.

Prediction of the difficulty of proximal vascular control using 3D-CTA for the surgical clipping of internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery aneurysms.

Objective: During surgical clipping of internal carotid artery (ICA)-posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms, proximal vascular control (PVC) is difficult to achieve in some cases because of variations in the anatomy of this type of aneurysm and its parent arteries. The authors investigated morphometric features that may be predictive for the necessity of anterior clinoidectomy (ACL) or cervical ICA exposure for PVC.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 65 patients with an ICA-PCoA aneurysm treated with clipping during the previous 3 years.

Evaluation of the urethral α/β ratio and tissue repair half-time for iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy with or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between postimplant dosimetric quantifiers and the genitourinary (GU) toxicity of low-dose rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: The minimum urethral dose (UD10, 30, and 90) and the percent volume of the urethra receiving the prescription dose (V100, V150) were calculated from the postimplant dose-volume histograms of 182 patients. We then calculated various urethral biologically equivalent doses (uBEDs) using different values of the α/β ratio and tissue repair half-time (t1/2) and examined the correlations with GU toxicity.

Sphenoparietal sinus transposition technique: optimization of the surgical corridor with preservation of prominent bridging veins between the brain and the cranial base during aneurysm clipping via the pterional approach.

Objective: The sylvian bridging veins between the brain and the dura on the inner surface of the sphenoid wing can restrict brain retraction for widening of the lateral retrocarotid space during clipping surgery for internal carotid artery (ICA)-posterior communicating artery (PCoA) and basilar apex (BX) aneurysms. In such cases, the authors perform extradural anterior clinoidectomy with peeling of the temporal dura propria from the periosteal dura and inner cavernous membrane around the superior orbital fissure, with the incision of the dura mater stretching from the base of the temporal side to just before the distal dural ring of the ICA (termed by the authors as the sphenoparietal sinus transposition [SPST] technique). This technique displaces the bridging segment of the sylvian vein posteriorly and enables widening of the surgical space without venous injury.

Complex Bypass Surgery for Multiple Fusiform Aneurysms, Including a Thrombosed Giant Aneurysm of the Middle Cerebral Artery.

Treatment of complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms are challenging; however, an appropriate surgical strategy can ensure favorable outcomes. Notably, a protective bypass strategy is essential to treat complex aneurysms and involves the creation of a bypass channel distal to the aneurysm before repairing it. A protective bypass enables the surgeon to establish adequate distal blood flow during the approach to the aneurysm, as well as during additional revascularization.

Outcome of retreatment for recurrent saccular cerebral aneurysms: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Although endovascular or surgical treatment has been performed for preventing the rupture of saccular cerebral aneurysms (sCA), in some patients, the aneurysms may recur and require retreatment. We aimed to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of treating recurrent sCA. We retrospectively evaluated the data of 52 patients with 60 recurrent sCAs who were retreated and 1534 patients with 1817 sCAs who received initial treatment.

Neuroimaging and neurophysiological evaluation of severity of Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease presenting characteristic motor features. Severity is usually assessed by clinical symptoms; however, few objective indicators are available. In this study, we evaluated the utility of dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging and subthalamic nucleus (STN) activities as indicators of PD severity.

Combined deep brain stimulation and thalamotomy for tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease.

Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinson's disease, the long-term suppression of tremor is still a challenging issue. We report two patients with tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with unilateral thalamotomy of the ventralis intermedius nucleus (Vim) combined with the subthalamic nucleus (STN)-DBS or the posterior subthalamic area (PSA)-DBS. One year after the surgery, thalamotomy of the area from the Vim to the PSA showed improvement not only in tremor but also in rigidity and akinesia.

High Cervical Carotid Endarterectomy-Outcome Analysis.

Objective: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for high cervical internal carotid artery stenosis is considered to be technically demanding because of the difficulty in dissecting the distal end. We report the surgical technique and outcome analysis of CEA for high cervical lesions.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 98 patients treated by CEA from December 2013 to June 2018.

Successful Conservative Management of Inferior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysm with Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report.

Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) aneurysm is a rare occurrence, accounting for 1% of all visceral artery aneurysms and is often found incidentally. Surgical resection and endovascular intervention have been first-line treatments because IMA aneurysms have a relatively high risk of life-threatening rupture. Herein, we report the case of a 57-year-old man having a large IMA aneurysm with an arteriovenous fistula that was treated conservatively.

Microsuturing Technique for the Treatment of Blood Blister Aneurysms: A Series of 7 Cases.

Background: A blood blister aneurysm (BBA) is an abnormal bulge at the nonbranching point of a vessel. However, the optimal treatment strategy for this formidable disorder remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and validity of using a direct microsurgical repair technique in BBAs.

Zygomatic Anterior Temporal Approach for High-position Upper Basilar Aneurysm.

Skull base techniques have often required high-position upper basilar aneurysm surgery based on a surgical corridor. Examples are the orbitozygomatic osteotomy for the trans-sylvian approach and zygomatic osteotomy for the subtemporal approach. However, clarity remains to be archived for the additional technique of the anterior temporal approach, including the middle surgical corridor of the trans-sylvian approach and subtemporal approach.

A Case Report of Multitrack Recording of Posterior Subthalamic Nucleus, Caudal Zona Incerta, and Prelemniscal Radiation: Which Is Most Effective for Bradykinesia?

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior subthalamic nucleus (pSTN), caudal zona incerta (cZI), and prelemniscal radiation (Raprl) has been shown to improve Parkinsonian motor symptoms. We herein report neurophysiological and functional differences among the cZI, Raprl, and pSTN in a 68-year-old male patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). The stereotactic implantation of DBS electrodes in the right STN was performed.