Targets for protection and mitigation of radiation injury.

Protection of normal tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation is a critical issue in clinical and environmental radiobiology. Investigations in recent decades have suggested potential targets that are involved in the protection against radiation-induced damages to normal tissues and can be proposed for mitigation of radiation injury. Emerging evidences have been shown to be in contrast to an old dogma in radiation biology; a major amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell toxicity occur during some hours to years after exposure to ionizing radiation.

Reduction of anxiety level is associated with an oxidative-stress imbalance in the hippocampus in morphine administration period in male rats.

Hippocampus is a region of the brain that is famous for its role in memory. However recently it has been given great importance for a region that regulates emotion and anxiety. Alternation of anxiety level has been observed in drug abusers as a comorbid disorder.

Study on the Interaction of 1,5-diaryl Pyrrole Derivatives with α- glucosidase; Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Kinetic Study.

Background: The delaying of absorption of glucose is one of the principal therapeutic approaches of type 2 diabetes. α-glucosidase inhibitors compete with the α-glucosidase enzyme activity, which helps to reduce the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose and thereby control the postprandial hyperglycemia incidence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of novel 1,5-diphenyl pyrrole derivatives and evaluate their in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

Resveratrol as an Adjuvant for Normal Tissues Protection and Tumor Sensitization.

Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects are ongoing.

Novel radiopharmaceutical (Technetium-99m)-(DOTA-NHS-ester)-Methionine as a SPECT-CT tumor imaging agent.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. There have been many efforts for early breast cancer detection and among them molecular imaging have been extremely of high importance. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) is a kind of imaging technique able to reveal crucial information with using radiopharmaceuticals.

Boosting immune system against cancer by melatonin: A mechanistic viewpoint.

Cancer is a disease of high complexity. Resistance to therapy is a major challenge in cancer targeted therapies. Overcoming this resistance requires a deep knowledge of the cellular interactions within tumor.

The contribution of dietary and non-dietary factors to socioeconomic inequality in childhood anemia in Ethiopia: a regression-based decomposition analysis.

Objective: There is a scarcity of evidence on socioeconomic inequalities of childhood anemia in Ethiopia. We determined the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in anemia and the contribution of dietary and non-dietary factors to the observed inequality, using a nationally representative data of 2902 children included in the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. The data were collected following a multistage, stratified cluster sampling strategy.

Female sexual dysfunction among married women in the Gaza Strip: an internet-based survey.

Background: Since sexual function is an important element of human life, sexual dysfunction may negatively affect the quality of life for both males and females. It is a widespread public health problem that is inadequately studied in the Arab world.

Objective: Determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and associated factors in all women who sought reproductive health services in the community and who were in an active sexual relationship.

Pharmacological evidence for lithium-induced neuroprotection against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration via Akt-1/GSK3 and CREB-BDNF signaling pathways.

Objectives: Neurodegeneration is an outcome of Methamphetamine (METH) abuse. Studies have emphasized on the neuroprotective properties of lithium. The current study is designed towards evaluating the role of Akt-1/GSK3 and CREB-BDNF signaling pathways in mediating lithium neuroprotection against METH-induced neurodegeneration in rats.

Coumarin-based Scaffold as α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity: Implication for the Development of Potent Antidiabetic Agents.

Background: Delaying the absorption of glucose through α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition is one of the therapeutic approaches in the management of Type 2 diabetes, which can reduce the incidence of postprandial hyperglycemia. The existence of chronic postprandial hyperglycemia impaired the endogenous antioxidant defense by inducing oxidative stress-induced pancreatic β-cell destruction through uncontrolled generation of free radicals such as ROS, which in turn, leads to various macrovascular and microvascular complications. The currently available α -glucosidase inhibitors, for instance, acarbose, have some side effects such as hypoglycemia at higher doses, liver problems, meteorism, diarrhea, and lactic acidosis.

Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis of Heavy Charged Particles Radiation: Clinical and Environmental Implications.

One of the uses of ionizing radiation is in cancer treatment. The use of heavy charged particles for treatment has been introduced in recent decades because of their priority for deposition of radiation energy in the tumor, via the Bragg peak phenomenon. In addition to medical implications, exposure to heavy charged particles is a crucial issue for environmental and space radiobiology.

Evaluating the Expression of NOX2 and NOX4 Signaling Pathways in Rats' Lung Tissues Following Local Chest Irradiation; Modulatory Effect of Melatonin.

Lung injury is one of the major concerns for chest cancer patients that undergo radiotherapy as well as persons exposed to an accidental radiological event. Reduction/oxidation (redox) system plays a key role in lung injury via chronic upregulation of pro-oxidant enzymes. and are two important reactive oxygen species generating enzymes that are involved in radiation toxicity in some organs such as the bone marrow.

Factors Associated with the Completion of the Continuum of Care for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Services in Ethiopia. Multilevel Model Analysis.

Introduction: Assuring completion of a continuum of maternal health care is a key program strategy to minimize morbidity and mortality of maternal and child. We aimed to examine completion of a continuum of care and its associated factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was analyzed from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data.

Learn to live with it: Lived experience of Palestinian women suffering from intimate partner violence.

Background And Aim: Intimate partner violence has become a growing concern all over the world and causes numerous consequences and provokes various reactions among women. The present study was aimed to understand the lived experience of Palestinian women who suffered domestic violence by an intimate partner.

Methods: In this hermeneutic phenomenological study, van Manen's methodical steps were used to conduct the study.

Selenium-L-methionine modulates radiation injury and Duox1 and Duox2 upregulation in rat's heart tissues.

Redox interactions play a key role in radiation injury including heart diseases. In present study, we aimed to detect the possible protective role of selenium-L-methionine on infiltration of immune cells and Duox1&2 upregulation in rat's heart tissues. In this study, 20 rats were divided into 4 groups (5 rats in each) namely: irradiation; irradiation plus Selenium-L-methionine; control; and Selenium-L-methionine treatment.

Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Lung Pneumonitis and Fibrosis Using Metformin and Melatonin: A Histopathological Study.

Pneumonitis and fibrosis are the most common consequences of lung exposure to a high dose of ionizing radiation during an accidental radiological or nuclear event, and may lead to death, after some months to years. So far, some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents have been used for mitigation of lung injury. In the present study, we aimed to detect possible mitigatory effects of melatonin and metformin on radiation-induced pneumonitis and lung fibrosis.

Magnitude and determinants of complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aim: Concurrent estimates on the magnitude and evidence on the determinants of complementary feeding (CF) practices in Ethiopia are currently disparate. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the magnitude and determinants of CF among children age 6-23 months in Ethiopia.

Methods: Studies from various databases published until July 2018 were identified, selected, extracted and assessed for risk of bias by two authors independently.

Prevalence of tuberculosis treatment non-adherence in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-adherence to treatment is one of the challenges facing global tuberculosis (TB) control. In Ethiopia, an extremely variable and high magnitude of TB treatment non-adherence have been reported from different parts of the country. However, there has been no attempt to estimate the pooled prevalence of non-adherence from this heterogeneous data.

Radiation-Induced Dual Oxidase Upregulation in Rat Heart Tissues: Protective Effect of Melatonin.

: Radiation-induced heart injury can lead to increased risk of heart failure, attack, and ischemia. Some studies proposed IL-4 and IL-13 as two important cytokines that are involved in late effects of ionizing radiation. On the other hand, these cytokines may, through upregulation of and , induce chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis.

Is hypothyroidism rare in multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients on treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the adverse drug reactions that associated with Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) medications. Extremely variable magnitude of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients has been reported from different parts of the world. However, there is no evidence that tried to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism to confirm the rareness of hypothyroidism in MDR-TB patients on treatment.

Melatonin Attenuates Upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2 and Protects against Lung Injury following Chest Irradiation in Rats.

Objective: The Lung is one of the most radiosensitive organs of the body. The infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes into the lung is mediated via the stimulation of T-helper 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, which play a key role in the development of fibrosis. It is likely that these cytokines induce chronic oxidative damage and inflammation through the upregulation of and , which can increase the risk of late effects of ionizing radiation (IR) such as fibrosis and carcinogenesis.

Association of anemia with sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Evidence shows that anemic individuals are at a higher risk of hearing loss. However, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis study. Thus, we aimed to meta-analyze the existing evidence on the association of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Modulation of apoptosis by melatonin for improving cancer treatment efficiency: An updated review.

Radio- and chemotherapy are the most common cancer treatment modalities. They cause acute and late side effects on normal tissues, which is a burden for delivery of a high dose of radiation or drugs on tumor cells. In addition, tumor cells achieve adaptive responses to subsequent doses of radiation and chemotherapy, leading to tumor resistance and accelerated repopulation.

Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on metal-organic framework based on copper, zinc, and imidazole coated poly-l-lactic acid nanofiber scaffolds.

The presence of inorganic bioactive minerals with polymers can accelerate and promote several processes including: bone cell joining, proliferation, differentiation, and expression of osteogenic proteins. In this study, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and imidazole metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles were synthesized and coated over poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application. The surface and bioactive features of the scaffolds were characterized.

Equality Analysis of Main Health Indicators among Children under 5 Years in Uganda.

Background: Inequality in the access to health services is a major cause of health problemsamong children under five old. The aim of this analysis is to measure the inequality among children under-5 years in relation to main health indicators in Uganda.

Methods: Main child health indicators data in Uganda were obtained from WHO inequity data set for the years 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2011.