Good response to rectal diazepam in refractory cases of cyclic vomiting: A case-series and review of the literature.

Key Clinical Message: Although increasing in number, cases of CVS are being frequently misdiagnosed and many are refractory to the available treatments. This paper draws attention to a timely consideration of this disorder upon suspicion and proposes rectal diazepam and cinnarizine as highly effective treatments in refractory cases of CVS.

Abstract: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a set of recurrent episodic attacks of nausea and vomiting.

The effect of atomoxetine on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Recent research shows that most of the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have cognitive-like disorders. Due to the beneficial effects of atomoxetine on improving cognition in limited animal and human surveys, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the atomoxetine on improving cognitive disorders of MS. This study was a parallel, randomized clinical trial, designed to investigate the effect of atomoxetine drug on the improvement of cognitive impairment (CI) in MS, from April 2021 to March 2022.

Association of dietary patterns with migraine: A matched case-control study.

Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and odds of migraine. We aimed to investigate the association between posteriori dietary patterns and migraine odds and migraine-related outcomes using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 500 participants enrolled in this age- and sex-matched case-control study.

The association of serum carnitine levels with severity of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study.

Fatigue is a common complaint of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), adversely affecting their quality of life. There is a lot of evidence showing that carnitine deficiency is linked to fatigue development and severity in some conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the association between free L-carnitine serum levels and the severity of fatigue in patients with MS.

Stability monitoring of patients with myasthenia gravis using a mobile-based application.

Failure in early diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) and the risks of taking certain medications and undergoing surgery and anesthesia can lead to severe respiratory disorders and death. However, there are therapeutic measures that significantly control the disease and improve individual's functionality. First, an expert panel was formed, and a needs assessment questionnaire was prepared for the information elements and the capabilities required for the application and provided to neurologists with a subspecialty fellowship in neuromuscular diseases.

A nationwide study on the prevalence and contributing factors of obstructive sleep apnea in Iran.

Reliable obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence information in Iran is lacking due to inconsistent local study results. To estimate OSA prevalence and identify clinical phenotypes, we conducted a nationally representative study using multi-stage random cluster sampling. We recruited 3198 individuals and extrapolated the results to the entire Iranian population using complex sample survey analyses.

The prevalence and impact of tension-type headache in school-aged children in Iran.

Background: Tension-Type Headache (TTH) is regarded as the third most prevalent disorder worldwide, prompting children to seek medical attention. Our objective is to investigate the prevalence of TTH among students aged 6 to 18 years in various geographical regions of Iran, while also assessing the impact of headaches on their quality of life.

Methods: Employing a cross-sectional survey, we have carefully distributed self-completed structured questionnaires to students in 121 meticulously selected schools throughout the country, ensuring the representation of its diverse population.

Mode and site of action of therapies targeting CGRP signaling.

Targeting CGRP has proved to be efficacious, tolerable, and safe to treat migraine; however, many patients with migraine do not benefit from drugs that antagonize the CGRPergic system. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the general pharmacology of the different types of treatments currently available, which target directly or indirectly the CGRP receptor or its ligand. Moreover, the latest evidence regarding the selectivity and site of action of CGRP small molecule antagonists (gepants) and monoclonal antibodies is critically discussed.

A biallelic loss-of-function variant in TMEM147 causes profound intellectual disability and spasticity.

Intellectual disability (ID), occurring in syndromic or non-syndromic forms, is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder. Although many cases are caused by single gene defects, ID is highly genetically heterogeneous. Biallelic variants in the transmembrane protein TMEM147 have recently been linked to intellectual disability with dysmorphic facial features.

Can upper cervical manual therapy affect the blink reflex in subjects with migraine and neck pain?

Background: Neck pain is a common complaint among migraineurs possibly due to the anatomic connections between cervical and trigeminal afferents in the trigeminocervical complex (TCC). Manual therapy (MT) is used in the management of headache disorders, with demonstrable neurophysiological effects. The blink reflex (BR) is one method of analyzing neurophysiological effects in headache patients.

Characteristics of headaches attributed to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and factors associated with its frequency and prolongation: a cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: Headache is the most frequent neurological adverse event following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We investigated the frequency, characteristics, and factors associated with post-vaccination headaches, including their occurrence and prolongation (≥ 48 h).

Methods: In this observational cross-sectional cohort study, retrospective data collected between April 2021-March 2022 were analyzed.

Examining the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the MiND-B questionnaire in ALS patients.

Background: In addition to affecting the nerves and muscles, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease also affects the behavior and cognition of patients. In this study, we examine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Motor Neuron Disease Behavioral instrument (MiND-B) questionnaire to investigate behavioral changes in Persian-speaking ALS patients.

Methods: Forty-six Persian-speaking patients with ALS filled out the MiND-B questionnaire.

The effect of cannabidiol on seizure features and quality of life in drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy patients: a triple-blind controlled trial.

Background: Treatment-resistant epileptic seizures are associated with reduced quality of life (QoL). As polypharmacy with routine antiseizure medications has many side effects, novel add-on treatments are necessary. Recent research showed the efficacy of add-on therapy by cannabidiol (CBD) on refractory epilepsy.

Iranian clinical practice guideline for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegeneration involving motor neurons. The 3-5 years that patients have to live is marked by day-to-day loss of motor and sometimes cognitive abilities. Enormous amounts of healthcare services and resources are necessary to support patients and their caregivers during this relatively short but burdensome journey.

Boswellic Acids Improve Clinical Cognitive Scores and Reduce Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Recent therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have had limited success. Considering the association of neuroinflammation with AD symptoms as demonstrated in multiple studies, assessment of the clinical efficacy of molecules that reduce systemic or brain inflammation is warranted.

Objective: This clinical trial assessed whether boswellic acids can improve cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms while reducing inflammation in AD patients.

Clinical determinants of sleep quality in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objectives: Poor sleep quality is more prevalent in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) than in healthy populations. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not motor dysfunction at various distinct levels correlates with subjective sleep quality.

Methods: Patients with ALS and controls were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Headache following vaccination against COVID-19 among healthcare workers with a history of COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study in Iran with a meta-analytic review of the literature.

Background: There is evidence of the occurrence of headache after vaccination against COVID-19. However, only a few studies have examined the headache characteristics and related determinants, especially among healthcare workers with a history of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: We evaluated the incidence of headaches after injection of different types of COVID-19 vaccine to determine factors relating to the incidence of headache after vaccination among the Iranian healthcare workers who had previously contracted COVID-19.

Association of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination or Infection With Bell Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Bell palsy (BP) has been reported as an adverse event following the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, but neither a causative relationship nor a higher prevalence than in the general population has been established.

Objective: To compare the incidence of BP in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients vs unvaccinated individuals or placebo recipients.

Data Sources: A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from the inception of the COVID-19 report (December 2019) to August 15, 2022.

Glia Signaling and Brain Microenvironment in Migraine.

Migraine is a complicated neurological disorder affecting 6% of men and 18% of women worldwide. Various mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, altered mitochondrial function, neurotransmitter disturbances, cortical hyperexcitability, genetic factors, and endocrine system problems, are responsible for migraine. However, these mechanisms have not completely delineated the pathophysiology behind migraine, and they should be further studied.

An unusual case of a toddler with Canavan disease with frequent intractable seizures: A case report and review of the literature.

Canavan disease is a rare fetal inherited leukodystrophy, caused by accumulation of N-acetyl-aspartate in the brain. Here, we report a child presented with frequent intractable seizures and visual impairment. A 14-month-old female infant with a complaint of the absence of neck holding and generalized tonic-clonic seizures was referred to our hospital.

Streptococcus Viridans meningitis in an immunocompetent child: A case report.

In bacterial meningitis, the Viridans streptococci group is not considered a prevalent pathogen. In contrast, the S. viridans group may cause endocarditis and fatal infections in immunocompromised children and adults.

Efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy with fingolimod in patients with schizophrenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: Studies have suggested that fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Although fingolimod is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, limited studies have investigated its effects in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of fingolimod adjuvant to risperidone in schizophrenia treatment.