An unusual presentation of severe obstructive sleep apnea with nocturnal seizure-like movements: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: This study suggests that severe obstructive sleep apnea can present as sleep-related epileptic or non-epileptic seizures. A detailed history and physical examination, along with polysomnography and video electroencephalography findings can lead to the correct diagnosis.

Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is defined by recurrent episodes of the upper airway complete or partial collapse while sleeping.

Musculoskeletal complaints and its economic impact in an Iranian army hospital.

Aim: Musculoskeletal conditions constitute a remarkable portion of disability cases in the military. This study evaluated the distribution and types of musculoskeletal problems and estimated the direct and indirect costs due to these complaints in an Iranian military hospital.

Methods: All medical records of patients with musculoskeletal complaints that were referred to the medical committee of a military hospital, including rheumatology, orthopedics, and neuro-surgical specialists, from 2014 to 2016, were reviewed.

Diagnostic biomarker discovery from brain EEG data using LSTM, reservoir-SNN, and NeuCube methods in a pilot study comparing epilepsy and migraine.

The study introduces a new online spike encoding algorithm for spiking neural networks (SNN) and suggests new methods for learning and identifying diagnostic biomarkers using three prominent deep learning neural network models: deep BiLSTM, reservoir SNN, and NeuCube. EEG data from datasets related to epilepsy, migraine, and healthy subjects are employed. Results reveal that BiLSTM hidden neurons capture biological significance, while reservoir SNN activities and NeuCube spiking dynamics identify EEG channels as diagnostic biomarkers.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia after COVID-19 vaccination, complicated with COVID-19 and mucormycosis: a case report.

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and fatal opportunistic viral demyelinating infectious disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are various clinical presenting symptoms for the disease.

Case Presentation: This paper presents a clinical case of PML in a patient with B-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), previously treated with Chlorambucil, later complicated later with COVID-19 and mucormycosis.

Association of New-Onset Seizures With SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: Seizures have been reported as an adverse effect of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, no study has answered the question of whether there is any association between seizures in the general population and COVID-19 vaccination.

Objective: To evaluate the seizure incidence among SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients compared with those who received a placebo.

Sleep profiles in epilepsy patients undergoing monotherapy and polytherapy: A comparative cross-sectional study.

Objective: Sleep disturbances commonly reported among epilepsy patients have a reciprocal relationship with the condition; While epilepsy and anti-seizure medications (ASMs) can disrupt sleep structure, disturbed sleep can also exacerbate the frequency of seizures. This study explored subjective sleep disturbances and compared sleep profiles in patients who underwent ASM monotherapy and polytherapy.

Methods: We enrolled 176 epilepsy patients who completed a structured questionnaire containing demographic and clinical information and the Persian versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to evaluate sleep quality, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and depressive symptoms, respectively.

Assessment of dietary intake and its inflammatory potential in persons with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To compare diet and the modified dietary inflammatory index (mDII) between individuals with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (PoMS), monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes (monoADS), and controls.

Methods: The association between diet, mDII, and disease status was examined in 131 individuals with PoMS/monoADS/controls (38/45/48) using logistic regression.

Results: The associations between diet and PoMS were modest, reaching significance for whole grain intake (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=0.

The association between dietary glycemic index and disease severity among the women with episodic migraine.

Purpose: To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with migraine-related clinical symptoms.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 266 women with episodic migraine. The migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) was used to evaluate migraine-related disability in the recent three months.

Immunoregulatory Effects of the Active Form of Vitamin D (Calcitriol), Individually and in Combination with Curcumin, on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients.

Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. Immune cell subsets, notably T helper (Th) 17 and Th1, exert important roles in MS pathogenesis. Whereas, Treg cells modulate the disease process.

Time interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the influential factors: A national registry-based study.

Objective: The time to diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is of great importance for early treatment, thereby reducing the disability and burden of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the time from the onset of clinical symptoms to the diagnosis of MS and to evaluate the factors associated with a late diagnosis in Iranian MS patients.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with MS who were registered in the National MS Registry System of Iran (NMSRI).

Global practice of sleep medicine: Iran.

Study Objectives: In this study we aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of sleep medicine in Iran, focusing on the country's advancements, challenges, and the global context.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of sleep medicine in Iran, using various sources to ensure a thorough analysis. The national educational curriculum for sleep medicine and guidelines on sleep clinics issued by Iran's Ministry of Health served as a foundational resource.

Outcome after Neuro-interventional Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysm (as a First Treatment Modality).

Endovascular treatment is widely applied as the first-line treatment for intracranial aneurysms and includes simple coiling (SC), stent-assisted coiling (SAC), flow diversion stent, and flow disruption stent. The present study is a retrospective cohort study performed in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Department of Neurovascular Intervention, between March 2016 and March 2021. A total number of 229 patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent therapeutic intravascular interventions were enrolled, of which 89 were treated with SC, 111 with SAC, 25 with flow diversion stent, and 4 with flow disruption stent.

Lysine ε-aminolysis and incorporation of sulfhydryl groups into human brain tau 4R/1N and VQIVYK enhances the formation of beta structures and toxicity.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of N-homocysteine thiolactone (tHcy) modification on expressed and purified tau protein and the synthesized VQIVYK target peptide. The modified constructs were subjected to comprehensive validation using various methodologies, including mass spectrometry. Subsequently, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico characterizations were performed under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, as well as in the presence and absence of heparin as a cofactor.

Potential efficacy of caffeine ingestion on balance and mobility in patients with multiple sclerosis: Preliminary evidence from a single-arm pilot clinical trial.

Objectives: Caffeine's potential benefits on multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as on the ambulatory performance of non-MS populations, prompted us to evaluate its potential effects on balance, mobility, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) of persons with MS (PwMS).

Methods: This single-arm pilot clinical trial consisted of a 2-week placebo run-in and a 12-week caffeine treatment (200 mg/day) stage. The changes in outcome measures during the study period (weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12) were evaluated using the Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE).

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on gait and balance of persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A narrative review.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is among the most common reasons for disability in young adults. Mobility impairment, primarily related to gait and balance, is ranked as the preeminent concern among persons with MS (PwMS). Gait and balance dysfunction can directly affect the quality of life and activities of daily life in PwMS, hence the importance of effective treatment strategies.

Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders.

Gene-environment interaction is an emerging hypothesis to explain the increased incidence of neurological disorders. In this context, the health and clinical effects of exposure to air pollutants have received increasing attention. One of these pollutants is the growth of fungi and molds in the form of multicellular filaments, known as hyphae.

The effectiveness of agomelatine on headache severity and frequency in episodic migraine without aura; a parallel randomized controlled trial study.

Background: Migraine is a headache disorder that affects public health and reduces the patient's quality of life. Preventive medication is necessary to prevent acute attacks and medication overuse headaches (MOH). Agomelatine is a melatonin antagonist.

Clinical Functional Seizure Score (CFSS): a simple algorithm for clinicians to suspect functional seizures.

Purpose: Distinguishing functional seizures (FS) from epileptic seizures (ES) poses a challenge due to similar clinical manifestations. The creation of a clinical scoring system that assists in accurately diagnosing patients with FS would be a valuable contribution to medical practice. This score has the potential to enhance clinical decision-making and facilitate prompt diagnosis of patients with FS.

Immunoregulatory Effect of Calcitriol on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Mice.

Previous studies noted an imbalance in T helper (Th) 17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis animal model. calcitriol, vitamin D's active form, was found to ameliorate EAE symptoms by favoring Tregss over Th17 cells, suggesting immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to assess calcitriol's impact on EAE manifestations and cytokine profile in mice.

Plasma cytokines profile in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: a comparative study in terms of inflammation.

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease inflict economic and health burdens on societies. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is accompanied by progressive degradation of memory, decision-making, and judgment. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and loss of balance.

Good response to rectal diazepam in refractory cases of cyclic vomiting: A case-series and review of the literature.

Key Clinical Message: Although increasing in number, cases of CVS are being frequently misdiagnosed and many are refractory to the available treatments. This paper draws attention to a timely consideration of this disorder upon suspicion and proposes rectal diazepam and cinnarizine as highly effective treatments in refractory cases of CVS.

Abstract: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a set of recurrent episodic attacks of nausea and vomiting.

The effect of atomoxetine on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Recent research shows that most of the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have cognitive-like disorders. Due to the beneficial effects of atomoxetine on improving cognition in limited animal and human surveys, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the atomoxetine on improving cognitive disorders of MS. This study was a parallel, randomized clinical trial, designed to investigate the effect of atomoxetine drug on the improvement of cognitive impairment (CI) in MS, from April 2021 to March 2022.

Association of dietary patterns with migraine: A matched case-control study.

Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and odds of migraine. We aimed to investigate the association between posteriori dietary patterns and migraine odds and migraine-related outcomes using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 500 participants enrolled in this age- and sex-matched case-control study.