Serum melatonin levels and in a sample of Iranian patients with migraine.

Migraine, a complex disorder, is characterized by recurrent headache episodes. The production of melatonin in the pineal gland, which is crucial for controlling circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles, is altered in various conditions, including neurological disorders such as migraine. Recent studies underscore the significance of serum melatonin levels in patients with chronic and episodic migraine, the focus of this study.

Effect of deep brain stimulation on sexual dysfunction among patients who had Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients who have Parkinson's disease (PD) present several non-motor issues, such as sexual dysfunction. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a great treatment for PD and could affect both motor and non-motor symptoms of patients.

Aim: The main goal of the current study is to evaluate the impact of DBS on the sexual dysfunction among patients with PD.

From Multiple Sclerosis to Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disorders: Insights into the Molecular and Clinical Implications of Comorbidity.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system. Although the pathological mechanisms of MS have been extensively studied, its association with other autoimmune diseases, known as comorbidities, remains unclear. In this comprehensive review article, we aim to clarify the cellular and molecular relationship between MS and the incidence of organ-specific autoimmune comorbidities by summarizing former studies.

Effect of deep brain stimulation on postoperative body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is FDA-approved for several movement disorders; such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and neuropsychiatric disorders. There are various reports of Body mass index (BMI) changes following different DBS targets in various disorders.

Aim: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the impact of DBS on patients' Body Mass Index (BMI) and provide an in-depth overview of its underlying mechanisms.

Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) are immune-mediated disorders that can often manifest with optic neuritis (ON) among other symptoms. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an emerging diagnostic method that can quantify retinal capillary blood flow and vessel density (VD), which have been shown to be affected in NMOSD and MOGAD. Hence, we aimed to systematically review the studies addressing retinal microvasculature using OCTA in these diseases.

Targeting Caspases 3/6 and Cathepsins L/B May Decrease Laminopathy-Induced Apoptosis in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Laminopathy is a pathological manifestation observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to neuronal apoptosis.

Objective: Our objective was to assess inhibitors of enzymes involved in laminopathy.

Methods: The mRNA expression of the cathepsins L and B, caspases 3 and 6, lamins b1 and b2, granzymes A and B, and lamins A and C were extracted and analyzed from GSE5281 and GSE28146 datasets.

The cost-utility analysis of adding ocrelizumab to the treatment plan for primary progressive multiple sclerosis in Iran.

Background: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of adding ocrelizumab to supportive care for primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in Iran.

Research Design And Methods: Using a lifetime horizon from the payer's perspective, we developed a decision analytic model with Expanded Disability Status Scales (EDSS) as Markov health states while taking transition probabilities and treatment effects into account. Data were sourced from clinical trials and other literature.

Mapping the Cortical Representation of Paraspinal Muscles Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Optimized in People With Chronic Back Pain.

Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a global burden with an unknown etiology. Reorganization of the cortical representation of paraspinal muscles in the primary motor cortex (M1) may be related to the pathology. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), commonly used to map the functional organization of M1, is not potent enough to stimulate the cortical maps of paraspinal muscles in M1 in CLBP patients with reduced corticospinal excitability (CSE) with intensities even as high as maximum stimulator output (100% MSO).

Efficient segmentation of active and inactive plaques in FLAIR-images using DeepLabV3Plus SE with efficientnetb0 backbone in multiple sclerosis.

This research paper introduces an efficient approach for the segmentation of active and inactive plaques within Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) model known as DeepLabV3Plus SE with the EfficientNetB0 backbone in Multiple sclerosis (MS), and demonstrates its superior performance compared to other CNN architectures. The study encompasses various critical components, including dataset pre-processing techniques, the utilization of the Squeeze and Excitation Network (SE-Block), and the atrous spatial separable pyramid Block to enhance segmentation capabilities. Detailed descriptions of pre-processing procedures, such as removing the cranial bone segment, image resizing, and normalization, are provided.

Consanguineous marriage among familial multiple sclerosis subjects: A national registry-based study.

Background: The rising prevalence of familial multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran has spurred interest in the potential impact of parental consanguinity on the risk of developing the disease. This study aims to aggregate current knowledge on parental consanguinity and its possible effect on MS risk, particularly among familial MS patients from various regions and ethnicities in Iran. The objective is to enhance the understanding of MS genetics and encourage further research in this field.

The hidden link: How oral and respiratory microbiomes affect multiple sclerosis.

Background: Extensive research has explored the role of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the impact of microbial communities in the oral cavity and respiratory tract on MS is an emerging area of investigation.

Purpose: We aimed to review the current literature related to the nasal, oral, and lung microbiota in people with MS (PwMS).

Phenotypic and genotyping spectrum of two Iranian cases with RBCK1-associated polyglucosan body myopathy.

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of metabolic disorders affecting glycogen metabolism, with polyglucosan body myopathy type 1 (PGBM1) being a rare variant linked to RBCK1 gene mutations. Understanding the clinical diversity of PGBM1 aids in better characterization of the disease. Two unrelated Iranian families with individuals exhibiting progressive muscle weakness underwent clinical evaluations, genetic analysis using whole exome sequencing (WES), and histopathological examinations of muscle biopsies.

Expanding the Clinical Phenotype of PLECTIN-Related Plectinopathies.

Background: Plectinopathy-associated disorders are caused by mutations in the gene encoding Plectin protein. mutations cause a spectrum of diseases defined by varying degrees of signs, mostly with epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD) and plectinopathy-related disorder is limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2Q (LGMD2Q). Here we report three cases with EBS-MD and LGMD2Q disorders analyzed by exome sequencing followed by mutation confirmation.

Coexistence of myasthenia gravis and lichen planus: A case report and systematic review of related case reports from 1971 to 2024.

Key Clinical Message: The co-occurrence of myasthenia gravis (MG) and lichen planus (LP) is a rare phenomenon, with only 13 cases reported in the English literature between 1971 and 2024. Patients with MG or LP, regardless of the thymoma status, require close monitoring for other autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an uncommon autoimmune disease, resulting in fatigable muscle weakness in the ocular, bulbar, and respiratory muscles, as well as muscles of the extremities.

Therapeutic potential of the ketogenic diet: A metabolic switch with implications for neurological disorders, the gut-brain axis, and cardiovascular diseases.

The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a dietary regimen that is low in carbohydrates, high in fats, and contains adequate protein. It is designed to mimic the metabolic state of fasting. This diet triggers the production of ketone bodies through a process known as ketosis.

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging for treatment response prediction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review.

A substantial portion of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) patients exhibit resistance to antipsychotic treatments, emphasizing the need for reliable treatment response biomarkers. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have identified various imaging predictors in SSD. This study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of diffusion MRI sequences, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), in predicting antipsychotic response in SSD patients.