Unveiling Glutamate Dynamics: Cognitive Demands in Human Short-Term Memory Learning Across Frontal and Parieto-Occipital Cortex: A Functional MRS Study.

Background: Acquiring new knowledge necessitates alterations at the synaptic level within the brain. Glutamate, a pivotal neurotransmitter, plays a critical role in these processes, particularly in learning and memory formation. Although previous research has explored glutamate's involvement in cognitive functions, a comprehensive understanding of its real-time dynamics remains elusive during memory tasks.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Evaluate the Effects of Chitosan on Obesity Indicators.

Chitosan, a commonly used dietary supplement, is believed to have the potential to decrease body weight by binding to dietary fats and decreasing their absorption. However, due to conflicting results from various studies, this review aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity indicators in adults. To find appropriate randomized clinical trials (RCTs), a thorough search was conducted across electronic databases like PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science.

Relationships between Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes and Spectrum of COVID-19 Disease in Pregnant Women.

Background: Due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 and the prevention and control of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women, including vertical transmission, this study was performed to describe the fetal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy with a spectrum of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy in Iran.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the medical records of 258 pregnant women admitted to the Forghani Hospital, Qom, Iran, from 18 February 2020, to May 10, 2021. PCR-RT or respiratory compromise in the presence of marked radiographic changes of COVID-19 in the lungs, or both COVID-19 disease confirmed COVID-19 disease.

Investigation of the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in cancer patients compared to non-cancer patients: a case-control study.

Background: Latent tuberculosis (TB) can reactivate in immunocompromised individuals, such as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, leading to severe complications. Understanding the prevalence of latent TB in this high-risk group is crucial, especially in regions with moderate to high TB burdens.

Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis in cancer patients before chemotherapy and immunotherapy to guide preventive interventions and reduce the risk of TB reactivation.

mRNA cancer vaccines from bench to bedside: a new era in cancer immunotherapy.

Harnessing the power of the immune system to target cancer cells is one of the most appealing approaches for cancer therapy. Among these immunotherapies, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) cancer vaccines are worthy of consideration, as they have demonstrated promising results in clinical trials. These vaccines have proven to be safe and well-tolerated.

A Rare Case of Pigmented Eccrine Poroma on the Trunk Mimicking Malignant Melanoma.

Representative clinical images in this study can increase awareness regarding the clinical similarity between this benign adnexal tumor and malignant melanoma and highlight the importance of pathological examination.

Effects of a Low-Protein Diet on Kidney Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stands out as one of the most widespread diseases globally. Dietary interventions, such as adopting a low-protein diet (LPD), play a crucial role as a key approach in impeding the advancement of CKD.

Objective: The objective of this umbrella review was to provide understanding into the effects of an LPD on kidney function among individuals with CKD, along with evaluating the certainty of the available evidence.

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome in an Undifferentiated Uterine Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), as an oncologic emergency, may rarely occur in patients with solid organ neoplasms and without previous cancer therapy. Physicians should be highly aware of the possibility of TLS, with special attention in patients having bulky tumors, irrespective of recent treatment with cytotoxic agents for its prompt prevention and treatment.

Challenges and executive requirements of advanced health system governance based on general health policies in Iran: qualitative research.

Objective: The optimal management of the health system depends on its functions. The functional issues of Iran's health system are organized in a scattered manner and it has many challenges, especially in the field of stewardship. In order to achieve sustainable health-oriented development, bold and smart policy reforms in the main components of the health system are essential.

A policy package for socio-cultural factors of promoting healthy diet in Iran.

Objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cause 74% of global deaths annually, for which poor diet is the leading risk factor. Diet improvement could prevent 20% of global deaths. This paper presents a policy package for socio-cultural factors, strategies, and policies to promote a healthy diet in Iran.

Novel TECPR2 variant in two cases of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 9: insights from genetic characterization and comprehensive literature review.

Background: Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 9 (HSAN9) is a rare genetic disorder caused by genetic alterations in the TECPR2 locus and is characterized by developmental and intellectual disability, respiratory dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and sensory and autonomic dysfunction, which are shared among the HSAN family.

Methods: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on samples from both probands, and the relevant genetic variants were confirmed in their families using Sanger sequencing. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on previously reported cases of HSAN9, and the clinical and genetic data were assessed to provide insight into the genetic and clinical characteristics of the disease.

The effect of lasers in occlusion of dentinal tubules and reducing dentinal hypersensitivity, a scoping review.

Background: Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful condition that can affect a person's quality of life. Laser therapy is a valid treatment option for this problem, which leads to immediate and long-term pain relief. This study aims to comprehensively review the effects of different laser treatments on DH.

Association of chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic health in a sample of Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study.

Chrono-nutrition is an emerging field that examines how the frequency and timing of meals impact health. Previous research shows inconsistency in the relationship between chrono-nutritional components and cardiometabolic health. We investigated cross-sectional associations between these components and cardiometabolic health in 825 Iranian adults aged 20-59 years.

3D bioheat transfer mapping reveals nanomagnetic particles effectiveness in radiofrequency hyperthermia breast cancer treatment comparing to experimental study.

Radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia has been widely used for tumor ablation since magnetic-fluid-hyperthermia (MFH) can be utilized for increasing temperature in tumor-region as a complementary-method for hyperthermia. In this study, the effectiveness of using the magnetite-nanoparticles (FeO) in RF hyperthermia for breast cancer (BC) treatment by determining 3D-temperature-distribution using bioheat-transfer-mapping was evaluated. A breast-phantom with a tumor region was placed in an RF-device with 13.

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The impact of vitamin D supplementation on depressive symptoms remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of vitamin D supplementation on depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to December 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of vitamin D supplementation on depression and anxiety symptoms in adults.

Investigating the Prevalence of Hypercalciuria in Children Aged 2-16 Years With Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria in 2020 in Tehran Children's Medical Center.

The prevalence of hypercalciuria in children is 3%-10% globally and up to 35% in the United States. Hypercalciuria in children has many presentations; it causes different metabolic disorders and can negatively affect a child's growth. It also increases the risk of low bone mineral density and urinary tract infections.

Comparative effects of different beverages on weight loss in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: There is a lack of clarity on the comparative effects of different beverages on weight loss in adults.

Objective: This study aimed at quantifying and ranking the effects of different beverages on weight loss.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to January 2023.

Comparison of gauze packing, sponge-based, and hemostatic surgicel wound stasis dressings to treat hemorrhages from grade IV liver injuries: An experimental study.

Background: Uncontrolled bleeding is still the major factor leading to preventable deaths following trauma. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of mini sponge-based wound stasis, cellulose-based local hemostatic, and traditional gauze dressings for the control of hemorrhages resulting from grade 4 liver injuries in rats.

Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups.

A Case-control Study on the Association of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Risk of Breast Cancer.

Background: Limited data are available linking dietary intake of fruit and vegetables to breast cancer, in particular among the Middle Eastern population. The present study was done to investigate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with the risk of breast cancer in Iranian adult women.

Methods: Dietary intake of fruit and vegetables was assessed using a validated 106-item Willett-format semi-quantitative dish-based food frequency questionnaire.

Identifying and prioritizing inefficiency causes in Iran's health system.

Background: Enhancing efficiency is crucial in addressing the escalating scarcity of healthcare resources. It plays a pivotal role in achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC), with the ultimate goal of ensuring health equity for all. A fundamental strategy to bolster efficiency involves pinpointing the underlying causes of inefficiency within the healthcare system through empirical research.

Exploring the factors influencing the adult population's reluctance to accept the COVID-19 vaccine in Tehran.

Background: While evidence of efficacy, safety, and technical feasibility is crucial when introducing a vaccine, it is equally important to consider the psychological, social, and political factors influencing vaccine acceptance. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Tehran, Iran.

Methods: The study employed a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional design carried out from 2021 to 2022.