The Burden of Head Injuries in Iran from 1990 to 2019: Findings from The Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Introduction: Head injuries (HI) pose a significant public health concern globally, impacting morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology and trends associated with head injuries in Iran from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Our study, based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2019, undertook a comprehensive comparison of the burden of HI in Iran with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and global benchmarks.

Evaluating the Effects of Rivastigmine on Decision-Making in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB); A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Decision-making is a complex process, and most studies showed that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) make worse decisions than healthy people.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of rivastigmine on the decision-making of MCI patients using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) tests.

Methods: The study was conducted at the Roozbeh Hospital neurology clinic, and 30 patients with mild cognitive impairment over 40 years old were randomly recruited to receive rivastigmine or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks.

Congenital hypoplastic thumbs treated by staged nonvascularized MTP joint transfer for absent MCP joints and abductor digiti minimi tendon transfer for opposition: a case series study.

Background: We developed a 2-stage, MTP (metatarsophalangeal) joint- plus ADM (abductor digiti minimi) tendon-transfer, procedure for treatment of hypoplastic thumb. This method is intended to achieve both structural and functional goals of reconstruction. Structurally, it preserves a five-digit hand with minimal donor site complications.

Optimization of antimicrobial efficiency of silver nanoparticles against three oral microorganisms in irreversible hydrocolloid impressions.

Background And Objectives: Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are potent antimicrobial agents, which have recently been used in dentistry. The aim of the current study was to optimize antimicrobial activity of Ag-NPs used in preparing irreversible hydrocolloid impressions against three microorganisms of and

Materials And Methods: After assessing antimicrobial activity of the compound using disk diffusion method, three parameters of concentration of Ag-NPs (250-1000 ppm), ratio of hydrocolloid impression material powder to water (0.30-0.

Retention and Clinical Performance of Zirconia Crowns: A Comprehensive Review.

Zirconia has been used for rehabilitation of edentulous spaces approximately for a decade, and there have been several reports regarding the clinical performance and retention of zirconia crowns. Outstanding mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and excellent aesthetics make zirconia-based crowns as a popular crown among the current all-ceramic crowns in restorative dentistry. However, restoration with a zirconia crown is a challenging treatment.

Effect of photobiomodulation on pain level during local anesthesia injection: a randomized clinical trial.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) as pre-treatment on pain level during injection in the anterior maxillary region. 56 Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, Group 1:980 nm diode laser (n = 22) (experimental), Group 2:980 nm diode laser probe placed in vestibule without radiation (placebo) (n = 22), Group3: no pre-treatment before injection (n = 12) (control). Pain level during injection was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS).

Bumetanide Therapeutic Effect in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review Study.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by several impairments in communications and social interactions, as well as restricted interests or stereotyped behaviors. Interventions applied for this disorder are based on multi-modal approaches, including pharmacotherapy. No definitive cure or medication has been introduced so far; therefore, researchers still investigate potential drugs for treating ASD.

Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis Management With a Diode Laser: A Rare Case Report.

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is an unknown hereditary disorder with variable penetrance. The characterizations of this disease consist of different signs and symptoms such as multiple tumorous (tumor-like) muco-cutaneous proliferation, gingival hypertrophy, perianal lesions, articular contractures, and osteolytic lesions. A 3-year-old girl with numerous painless nodular masses on her gingival, ear and anal areas is presented in this case report.

All done procedure by laser in free gingival graft treatment: A case series study.

Aim: This case series study evaluated the application of Er;Cr:YSGG laser for a free gingival graft procedure and the effect of low level laser therapy on post surgical pain and wound healing.

Cases: 6 cases with mucogingival problems needing free gingival grafts were selected. First, the recipient site was anesthetized and de-epithelialization was done with a Er;Cr:YSGG laser.

Management of Oral Lichen Planus by 980 nm Diode Laser.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a mucocutaneous disease with uncertain etiology. As the etiology is unknown standard treatment modalities are not available. The traditional and common treatment relies on corticosteroids whether topical or systemic.

Bariatric Surgery Promising in Migraine Control: a Controlled Trial on Weight Loss and Its Effect on Migraine Headache.

Introduction: There is evidence that substantial weight loss through bariatric surgery (BS) may result in short-term improvement of migraine severity. However, it still remains to be seen whether smaller amounts of weight loss have a similar effect on migraine headache. This study has been designed to compare the effects of weight reduction through BS and non-surgical modifications.

The Versatility of 980 nm Diode Laser in Dentistry: A Case Series.

Laser surgery has been considered a popular alternative over conventional modalities in dentistry during the last few years. Among different types of lasers, diode lasers have gained special attention in oral soft tissue surgery. Five patients were referred to a private office.

Surface treatment comparison by application of diamond bur and Er,Cr:YSGG at different powers: morphological and mechanical evaluation.

This study evaluated the micro-tensile bond strength of new and previous composite resin restorations after surface treatment with diamond bur and Er,Cr:YSGG laser at different power settings (2,3 and 4 W). Micro-hybride composite resin was inserted in metallic mold 5 ×5 ×15 mm and cured for 40 sec according to manufacturer's instruction.12 blocks were made.

Levels of mania and cognitive performance two years after ECT in patients with bipolar I disorder - results from a follow-up study.

Background: There is limited evidence on the long-term outcomes for patients with bipolar I disorder (BP-I-D) and treated with ECT. Therefore, we asked whether mania scores and cognitive performance at the end of ECT treatment (baseline/BL) predicted mania scores, cognitive performance, recurrence, treatment adherence, and mood (depression; hypomania) two years later (follow-up/FU).

Method: 38 patients with BP-I-D undergoing ECT at baseline were followed up two years later.

Evaluation of temperature change during antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with two different photosensitizers in dental caries.

Introduction: Many attempts have been made in elimination of bacteria in infected and demineralized dentin to not only provide efficient bactericidal potential, but to have minimal damage for tooth structure. The aim of this study was to assess the temperature change during aPDT with ICG and TBO compared with conventional Diode laser irradiation.

Materials And Methods: 48 premolar teeth which were selected for this study.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using diode laser activated indocyanine green as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Clinical studies have shown the usefulness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunctive in periodontal therapy. These studies did not utilize indocyanine green (ICG) as a recently introduced photosensitizer. The aim of this study was to perform a full-mouth double-blind randomized controlled clinical study to test the efficacy of adjunctive aPDT with ICG compared with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone in chronic periodontitis treatment.

Microtensile strength of resin cement bond to indirect composite treated by different output powers of Er:YAG laser.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different output powers of Er:YAG laser on microtensile bonding strength of indirect composite to resin cements.36 indirect composite blocks (GC Gradia DA2, Japan) size 15 × 10 × 10 mm(3) were constructed, and divided into 12 groups, as follows:G1: control group (no treatment); Groups G2 to G6: treated with Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm) in noncontact mode, frequency 20 Hz, pulse duration 470 µs, with output power ranging from 2W to 6W; Groups G7 sandblasting, Groups 8 to G12: as Groups G2 to G 6 with preparatory sandblasting. One specimen from each group was analyzed by SEM; each specimen was fixed to a specialized metal jig using cyanoacrylate (Mitreapel, Beta Kimya San.

Perception of Patients With HIV/AIDS From Stigma and Discrimination.

Background: Stigma and discrimination among patients with HIV/AIDS cause various problems for the patients and their health systems.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explain the perceived experiences of the patients from stigma and discrimination and their roles on health-seeking services among patients.

Patients And Methods: This was a qualitative research using content analysis approach and semi-structured interviews, conducted on patients living with HIV/ADS, during 2013 - 2014 in Iran.

Effect of Different Powers of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Treatment on Surface Morphology of Microhybride Composite Resin: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Evaluation.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare microhybride composite treated by bur and different power of Erbium, Chromium doped Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Methods: 21 microhybride composite blocks (DiaFil TM, DiaDent, Korea) with 2 × 4 × 4 mm dimensions were made. The bonding surface of these blocks were polished, The samples were put into 6 groups for laser irradiation as follows: Group 1 (power: 1W, Energy: 50 mJ); Group 2(power: 2 W, Energy: 100mJ); Group 3 (power: 3W, Energy: 150mJ); Group 4 (power: 4W, Energy: 200mJ); Group 5 (power: 5W, Energy: 250mJ) and Group 6(power:6 W, Energy:300mJ).

PCR - RFLP patterns for the differentiation of the Fusarium species in virtue of ITS rDNA.

Background And Purpose: The species are among the most important fungi in the medical, veterinary and agricultural fields.

Materials And Methods: In the present study, 172 strains of these fungi have been analyzed. The high molecular weight DNAs were extracted from 23 reference strains as well as from 149 isolated species.