Preoperative oral dextromethorphan does not reduce pain or morphine consumption after open cholecystectomy.

Background: Dextromethorphan (DM), the D-isomer of the codeine analogue levorphanol, is a weak, noncompetitive N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. It has been suggested that NMDA receptor antagonists induce preemptive analgesia when administrated before tissue injury occurs, thus decreasing the subsequent sensation of pain.

Method: The study was conducted in the Dr.

Loss of consciousness secondary to lead poisoning--case reports.

Diagnosis of lead toxicity could be difficult in IC setting because of overlap of signs and symptoms with other diseases. This is a report of two Iranian patients (father and son) with severe level of whole blood lead concentration, developing into unconsciousness.

Quadriplegia due to lead-contaminated opium--case report.

Purpose: Utilization of lead-contaminated opium may lead to severe motor neuron impairment and quadriplegia.

Case Report: Forty years oriented old male, opium addict, was admitted to the ICU, with headache, nausea and abdominal pain, and weakness in his lower and upper extremities without definitive diagnosis. The past medical and occupational history was negative.

Trans-cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil reduces the clindamycin resistance of Clostridium difficile in vitro.

Therapy with antimicrobial drugs, such as clindamycin, that perturb the intestinal flora but fail to inhibit growth of other microorganisms can permit the proliferation of Clostridium difficile and the elaboration of exotoxin. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in the use of inhibitors of antibiotic resistance for use in combination therapy. The essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark enhanced the bactericidal activity of clindamycin and decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration of clindamycin required for a toxicogenic strain of C.

Biometric indices evaluation in central retinal vein occlusion using partial coherence laser interferometry.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of axial length and posterior segment length with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) using optical coherence interferometry.

Methods: The study group consisted of 29 patients (13 female and 16 male) with unilateral CRVO who were referred to Farabi Eye Hospital. Patients with macular edema were excluded.

A large left ventricular pseudoaneurysm in Behçet's disease: a case report.

Background: Behçet's disease is a collagen-vascular disease most commonly seen in Asia and Mediterranean area. Different organs and systems including cardiovascular system could be involved. Pseudoaneurysm is the most common form of arterial involvement in Behçet's disease; however, cardiac pseudoaneurysm is rare.