A fructose-based meal challenge to assess metabotypes and their metabolic risk profile: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial.

Objectives: The first aim of this study was to determine the metabolic type of individuals based on the postprandial metabolic response after the ingestion of a meal challenge that was high protein and either high glucose (high GI) or fructose (low GI). The second aim was to compare the baseline characteristics between the different metabolic types (metabotypes). The third aim was to assess whether the inclusion of fructose or glucose in a high-protein breakfast modulated the glucose, insulin, and TG response over a 4-h period.

Determinants of intramyocellular lipid accumulation in early childhood.

Background/objectives: Accumulation of lipid droplets inside skeletal muscle fibers (intramyocellular lipids or IMCL) with increasing obesity has been linked to skeletal muscle insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes in both adults and prepubertal children. We aimed to evaluate the associations of race, genotype, prenatal factors, and postnatal factors with IMCL in early childhood.

Subjects/methods: This study was a secondary analysis performed on the GUSTO birth cohort.

Association Between Early Life Weight Gain and Abdominal Fat Partitioning at 4.5 Years is Sex, Ethnicity, and Age Dependent.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the independent associations between age-specific annual weight gain from birth to age 4 years and fat deposition in metabolically distinct compartments at age 4.5 years in a South Asian longitudinal birth cohort.

Methods: Volumetric abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with comprehensive segmentation of deep and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) was performed in 316 children (150 boys and 166 girls in three ethnic groups; 158 Chinese, 94 Malay, and 64 Indian) aged 4.

Is waist circumference more strongly associated with metabolic risk factors than waist-to-height ratio in Asians?

Objectives: Differential distribution of fats can vary among ethnic groups and thus have varying effects on metabolic risk. Measuring metabolic risk of individuals using simple anthropometric measurements is essential to replace current invasive methods of obtaining blood samples. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been advocated as the best simple anthropometric measurement, but, because of the high visceral fat of Asians, there has been speculation as to the possibility of using only waist circumference (WC) to measure metabolic risk.

High fructose consumption with a high-protein meal is associated with decreased glycemia and increased thermogenesis but reduced fat oxidation: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Fructose is often recommended due to its ability to lower glycemic response and its increased thermogenic effect. Additionally, proteins can reduce the glycemic response of carbohydrate-rich foods and have a high diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inclusion of fructose in a high-protein meal would demonstrate metabolic advantages.

Sex Differences in Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Asians Who Are Nonobese.

Context: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing throughout Asia, even in the absence of obesity, and is lower in women than in men. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood.

Objective: To evaluate the sex differences in glucose and fatty acid metabolism in Asians who are nonobese.

Ultrasound measurement of intraabdominal fat thickness as a predictor of insulin resistance and low HDL cholesterol in Asians.

Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is important in the pathogenesis of diabetes, the prevalence of which has become a major public health threat in Asia. The aim of this study was to use ultrasound measurements of abdominal fat thickness to predict IR and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels among Singaporean adults.

Methods: A total of 399 healthy Singaporeans (mean age 36.

Physical Form of Dietary Fat Alters Postprandial Substrate Utilization and Glycemic Response in Healthy Chinese Men.

Dietary fats elicit various physiological responses, with the physical form of fat reported to alter fat digestion and absorption. The primary aims were to compare the effects of dietary fat in 2 physical forms (liquid and oleogel) and 2 degrees of saturation (saturated and polyunsaturated) on postprandial energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation, glycemia, and appetite. The study was a randomized, controlled crossover trial.