Eco-friendly synthesis of Arabinoxylan-Catechin conjugates: Enhanced functional and antioxidant properties via cold plasma and ultrasonic methods.

Arabinoxylan-catechin complexes were synthesized using two eco-friendly methods: cold plasma and ultrasonic treatments. Their physicochemical, structural and functional properties were evaluated. Cold plasma and ultrasonic treatments did not significantly alter the molecular structure of arabinoxylan, although a decrease Mw was noticed.

Mechanistic Insights into the interaction between aldehyde aroma compounds and β-Casein through Multi-Spectroscopy and molecular dynamics.

The interaction between proteins and aroma compounds significantly impacts cheese flavor retention during processing. However, it is still unknown how cheese proteins and the aldehyde aroma compounds (AACs) interact. This study aims to clarify the interaction mechanisms between the AACs (benzaldehyde, 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal and 3-methylbutanal) and β-casein (β-CN) using SPME-GC/MS, multi-spectroscopy techniques, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Knockout of hexokinase 2 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and activates the NLRP3 signal pathway in the rumen epithelial cells of dairy cows.

Hexokinase 2 (HK2) plays a vital role in mitochondrial homeostasis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its involvement in high-concentrate diet-induced damage in the ruminal epithelium of dairy cows are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the regulatory role of HK2 in mitochondrial function and responses to inflammation in the rumen of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet. Our results showed that, compared with a low-concentrate (LC) diet, feeding a high-concentrate (HC) diet increased oxidative stress and reduced relative antioxidant gene expression levels and enzyme activities in the ruminal epithelium.

Influence of sonication-assisted fermentation on the physicochemical features and antioxidant activities of yogurts fortified by polyphenol-rich pineapple peel powder with varied chemical profiling.

This study investigated the effects of pineapple peel powder with varied chemical profiles and sonication-assisted polyphenol biotransformation during fermentation on the quality characteristics of yogurt products. It aimed at exploring the feasibility of sonication-assisted fermentation to enhance the physicochemical properties, control post-acidification, and improve antioxidant activities in yogurts fortified with polyphenol-rich pineapple peel powder. Targeted analysis showed that polyphenol-rich pineapple dietary fiber obtained by ultrasonication-assisted extraction (NPFU) exhibited the slowest rates of acidification, highest antioxidant capacity, and lowest degree of whey separation at 21.

Molten globule-state protein structure: Perspectives from food processing applications.

Under specific pretreatment or processing conditions, spheroprotein can be transformed into a molten globule state, a typical protein conformation with enhanced functionality. Analyzing the correlation between the formation of molten-globule structures and their quality and functional characteristics is critical for developing tailored processing features, especially for minimally processed future foods. This review outlines the mechanisms driving the formation of molten globule proteins through various processes including ultra-high pressure pretreatments, heating, ultrasonication, pH-shifting, macromolecular crowding and exposure to small-molecule denaturants.

Vine Tea Extract Enhanced the Fermentation of Skimmed Milk by .

Vine tea extract (VTE), from the traditional Chinese herbal tea, was added to reconstituted skimmed milk; the mixture was fermented with , and fermentation characteristics, flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity (AOC), and viability of were measured. 2 mg/mL VTE promoted growth and 8 mg/mL VTE inhibited growth, an effect consistent with observed pH changes. Total flavonoid content and AOC increased with increasing VTE dosage.

Effect of pre-acidification induction on the physicochemical features, myofibrillar protein microstructure, and headspace volatiles of ready-to-cook goose meat.

This study examined the impact of pre-acidification induction on the quality attributes and flavor retention of ready-to-cook (RTC) goose meat products. The results demonstrated that pre-acidification could influence the eating qualities of RTC goose meat by effectively regulating the physicochemical properties of goose myofibrillar proteins (MP) including solubility and water-holding capacity. Elevated carbonyl contents indicated an enhanced gel-forming capacity in RTC goose meat during storage, accompanied with reduced total sulfhydryl contents from enhanced protonation pretreatment and augmented lipid oxidation.

Aggregation-induced emission luminogens for intracellular bacteria imaging and elimination.

Intracellular bacterial infections are a serious threat to human health due to their ability to escape immunity and develop drug resistance. Recent attention has been devoted to identifying and ablating intracellular bacteria with fluorescence probes. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) photosensitizers as fluorescence probes possess excellent photostability and rapid response, which have emerged as powerful fluorescent tools for intracellular bacterial detection and antibacterial therapy.

Optimization and characterization of alginate/cinnamaldehyde electrosprayed microcapsule and its application to mongolian cheese preservation.

alginate is a good candidate for encapsulating bioactive compounds because the Na on its carboxyl groups can take part in an ion exchange process with Ca to generate a calcium alginate shell. Electrospraying technology was used to prepare cinnamaldehyde (CA)-loaded alginate microcapsules. The generation of microcapsules with a minimal diameter could improve the mass transfer of encapsulated materials.

An electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of live Salmonella in food via MXene amplified methylene blue signals and electrostatic immobilization of bacteriophages.

A novel bacteriophage-targeted electrochemical biosensor designed for accurate and quantitative detection of live Salmonella in food samples is presented. The biosensor is simply constructed by electrostatic immobilizing bacteriophages on MXene-nanostructured electrodes. MXene, renowned for its high surface area, biocompatibility, and conductivity, serves as an ideal platform for bacteriophage immobilization.

Probiotic bacterial adsorption coupled with CRISPR/Cas12a system for mercury (II) ions detection.

The complex sample matrix poses significant challenges in accurately detecting heavy metals. In view of its superior performance for the biological adsorption of heavy metals, probiotic bacteria can be explored for functional unit to eliminate matrix interference. Herein, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) demonstrates a remarkable tolerance and can adsorb up to 300 μM of Hg, following the Freundlich isotherm model with the correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.

The double-layer emulsions loaded with bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed oil protect against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

In this study, a whey protein isolate (WPI)-chitooligosaccharide (COS) stabilized bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed oil emulsions (WC-BSOE) were prepared using the electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, and their modulating effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) were investigated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mice model. The stability and releasing ability of WC-BSOE under simulated gastrointestinal digestion condition and their acute toxicity were also investigated.

Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on protein structure modification and antimicrobial peptides production of Mongolian cheese and its in vitro digestion.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO) treatment on protein structure in Mongolian cheese. The peptides during the digestive process of the SC-CO treated cheese were also studied. SC-CO technology was utilized to treat Mongolian cheese at three temperatures (45, 55 and 65 °C) and three pressures (7.

Dynamic Interplay between Microbiota Shifts and Differential Metabolites during Dairy Processing and Storage.

Due to the intricate complexity of the original microbiota, residual heat-resistant enzymes, and chemical components, identifying the essential factors that affect dairy quality using traditional methods is challenging. In this study, raw milk, pasteurized milk, and ultra-heat-treated (UHT) milk samples were collectively analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed that raw milk and its corresponding heated dairy products exhibited different trends in terms of microbiota shifts and metabolite changes during storage.

Structural characteristics, immune-activating mechanisms in vitro, and immunomodulatory effects in vivo of the exopolysaccharide EPS53 from Streptococcus thermophilus XJ53.

Our previous investigations have successfully identified the repeating structural units of EPS53, an exopolysaccharide derived from Streptococcus thermophilus XJ53 fermented milk, and substantiated its potential immunomodulatory properties. The present study further elucidated the structural characteristics of EPS53 and investigated the underlying mechanisms governing its in vitro immunoreactivity as well as its in vivo immunoreactivity. The results obtained from multi-detector high performance gel filtration chromatography revealed that EPS53 adopted a rigid rod conformation in aqueous solution, with the weight-average molecular weight of 1464 kDa, the number-average molecular weight of 694 kDa, and the polydispersity index of 2.

Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of sono-biochemical control over post-acidification of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus.

Thermosonication (UT) prestress treatments combining with varied fermentation patterns has been revealed as an effective method to regulate post-acidification as exerted by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (L. delbrueckii), but sono-biochemical controlling mechanisms remain elusive.

ST-III and KF7 Enhance the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in a Dual-Environment In Vitro Co-Culture Model.

Intestinal barrier hyperpermeability, which is characterised by impaired tight junction proteins, is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. Therefore, maintaining intestinal barrier integrity is considered one of the effective strategies to reduce the risk of such disorders. This study aims to investigate the potential benefits of two probiotic strains ( ST-III and KF7) on intestinal barrier function by using a physiologically relevant in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium.

Different Detection Strategies of Pediocin-Like Produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus.

In this study, Pediococcus pentosaceus C-2-1 and C23221 contained genes encoding penocin and pediocin PA-1, mined by antiSMASH. The penocin structural gene pedA from Pediococcus pentosaceus C-2-1 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The presence of a 6.

Fluorescent immunoassay for chloramphenicol based on the label-free polyadenine-mediated spherical nucleic acids triggered signal amplification.

A fluorescent immunosorbent assay incorporating signal amplification away from the surface of spherical nucleic acid (SNA) was developed for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP). Through the conjugation of antibodies and poly-adenine (polyA) DNA onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the fabrication of the nano-immunoprobe was achieved in a more straightforward and cost-effective manner. Moreover, a strategy utilizing the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) in the amplification step was devised, with particular attention given to the enzyme inhibition associated with SNA.

Combining thermosonication microstress and pineapple peel extract addition to achieve quality and post-acidification control in yogurt fermentation.

This work investigated the effects of the combined use of thermosonication-preconditioned lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with the addition of ultrasound-assisted pineapple peel extracts (UU group) on the post-acidification potential, physicochemical and functional qualities of yogurt products, aimed at achieving prolonged preservation and enhancing functional attributes. Accordingly, the physical-chemical features, adhesion properties, and sensory profiles, acidification kinetics, the contents of major organic acids, and antioxidant activities of the differentially processed yogurts during refrigeration were characterized. Following a 14-day chilled storage process, UU group exhibited acidity levels of 0.

Active whey protein/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose edible films incorporated with cinnamaldehyde: Characterization, release kinetics and application to Mongolian cheese preservation.

Edible films with modulated release of antimicrobial agents are important for food preservation. Herein, antimicrobial edible films were prepared using whey protein (WP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HM) as polymer matrix materials and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) as antimicrobial agent. The mass ratios of WP and HM were 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100.

Characterization of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus B6 and its immunomodulatory activity in vitro.

An exopolysaccharide, designated F1, was purified from the fermented milk by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain B6 (CGMCC No. 13310). F1, with the weight average molecular weight of 1.

Exploring the binding mechanisms of thermally and ultrasonically induced molten globule-like β-lactoglobulin with heptanal as revealed by multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular simulation.

This work employed the model protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) to investigate the contribution of microstructural changes to regulating the interaction patterns between protein and flavor compounds through employing computer simulation and multi-spectroscopic techniques. The formation of molten globule (MG) state-like protein during the conformational evolution of BLG, in response to ultrasonic (UC) and heat (HT) treatments, was revealed through multi-spectroscopic characterization. Differential MG structures were distinguished by variations in surface hydrophobicity and the microenvironment of tryptophan residues.