Structural determinants of co-translational protein complex assembly.

Protein assembly into functional complexes is critical to life's processes. While complex assembly is classically described as occurring between fully synthesized proteins, recent work showed that co-translational assembly is prevalent in human cells. However, the biological basis for the existence of this process and the identity of protein pairs that assemble co-translationally remain unknown.

Systematic evaluations of receptor models in source apportionment of particulate solids in road deposited sediments: A practical application for tracking heavy metal sources on urban road surfaces.

Receptor models have been widely used to identify pollution sources in the urban environment. However, evaluating the accuracy of source apportionment results for road deposited sediments (RDS) using these models has not been the focus of previous studies. This study compared canonical receptor models, i.

Infectious diseases: Household modeling with missing data.

Over three years since the first identified SARS-CoV-2 case was discovered, the role of adolescents and children in spreading the virus remains unclear. Specifically, estimating the relative susceptibility of a child with respect to an adult is still an open question. In our work, we generalize a well-known household model for modeling infectious diseases, to include missing tests.

From supportive care to trauma: training integrative practitioners in the treatment of acute stress disorder.

Objective: The present conflict in Israel has led to a surge in cases of acute stress disorder (ASD). The study examined a training program for integrative medicine (IM) providers working in supportive and palliative care settings, teaching clinical skills for treating ASD.

Methods: A 10-h online training program, designed by supportive care trained IM and mental health professionals was attended by a group of 32 IM providers.

Resilience and Charge-Dependent Fibrillation of functional amyloid: Interactions of Pseudomonas Biofilm-Associated FapB and FapC Amyloids.

FapC and FapB are biofilm-associated amyloids involved in the virulence of Pseudomonas and other bacteria. We herein demonstrate their exceptional thermal and chemical resilience, suggesting that their biofilm structures might withstand standard sterilization, thereby contributing to the persistence of P. aeruginosa infections.

Reliability of high-quantity human brain organoids for modeling microcephaly, glioma invasion and drug screening.

Brain organoids offer unprecedented insights into brain development and disease modeling and hold promise for drug screening. Significant hindrances, however, are morphological and cellular heterogeneity, inter-organoid size differences, cellular stress, and poor reproducibility. Here, we describe a method that reproducibly generates thousands of organoids across multiple hiPSC lines.

The landscape of primary mismatch repair deficient gliomas in children, adolescents, and young adults: a multi-cohort study.

Background: Gliomas are a major cause of cancer-related death among children, adolescents, and young adults (age 0-40 years). Primary mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism with unique biology and therapeutic opportunities. We aimed to determine the extent and impact of primary MMRD in gliomas among children, adolescents, and young adults.

Electrochemical detection of extracellular vesicles for early diagnosis: a focus on disease biomarker analysis.

This review article presents a detailed examination of the integral role that electrochemical detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) plays, particularly focusing on the potential application for early disease diagnostics through EVs biomarker analysis. Through an exploration of the benefits and challenges presented by electrochemical detection vetted for protein, lipid, and nucleic acid biomarker analysis, we underscore the significance of these techniques. Evidence from recent studies renders this detection modality imperative in identifying diverse biomarkers from EVs, leading to early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Characteristics and survival of hospitalized combat casualties during two major conflicts between Israel and Hamas: 2023 versus 2014.

Background: In the complex landscape of modern warfare, understanding combat-related injuries leading to hospitalization is crucial for optimizing injury treatment. This study aims to compare combat casualty characteristics and outcomes during the major conflicts between Israel and Hamas in 2023 and 2014 as a basis for understanding the effectiveness of trauma care practices for wounded soldiers.

Methods: A cohort study of soldiers hospitalized due to combat injuries during two major wars between Israel and Hamas in 2023 and 2014, using data from the Israeli National Trauma Registry.

Burden of viral respiratory infections in the pediatric intensive care unit: age, virus distribution, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Unlabelled: Though usually self-limiting, viral respiratory infections can escalate to severe cases requiring admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This study aims to examine the proportional incidence, affected age ranges, viral pathogens involved, associated severity measures, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their incidence and virus distribution. This retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care center (2011-2021) reviewed all pediatric patients admitted to PICU with laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infection.

Evaluation of Audiovestibular Involvement in Patients with Psoriasis.

Background: Little is known about audiovestibular function in psoriasis, a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects 2% of the world's population.

Objectives: To investigate audiovestibular function in patients with psoriasis.

Methods: In this prospective case-control trial, we enrolled 33 patients with psoriasis and 30 healthy controls.

[Letters to Editor: The risk for clinically significant copy number variants in pregnancies with two soft markers, Geriatriophobia - a new concept in the medical world in Israel].

Letters to Editor: The risk for clinically significant copy number variants in pregnancies with two soft markers, Geriatriophobia - a new concept in the medical world in Israel.

Bile acid-induced metabolic changes in the colon promote Enterobacteriaceae expansion and associate with dysbiosis in Crohn's disease.

Bile acids (BAs) affect the growth of potentially pathogenic commensals, including those from the Enterobacteriaceae family, which are frequently overrepresented in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). BAs are normally reabsorbed in the ileum for recycling and are often increased in the colonic lumina of patients with IBD, including those with Crohn's disease (CD). Here, we investigated the influence of BAs on gut colonization by Enterobacteriaceae.

CXCL12 restricts tumor growth by suppressing the Ras, ERK1/2, c-Myc, and the immune checkpoint PD-L1 pathways.

Cytokines constitute a family of proteins that modulate the immune system and are secreted by many cells. CXCL12, along with its receptor CXCR4, are essential players in numerous processes. Dysregulation of their function underlie the mechanism(s) of several pathologies, including malignancies.

A genome-wide nucleosome-resolution map of promoter-centered interactions in human cells corroborates the enhancer-promoter looping model.

The enhancer-promoter looping model, in which enhancers activate their target genes via physical contact, has long dominated the field of gene regulation. However, the ubiquity of this model has been questioned due to evidence of alternative mechanisms and the lack of its systematic validation, primarily owing to the absence of suitable experimental techniques. In this study, we present a new MNase-based proximity ligation method called MChIP-C, allowing for the measurement of protein-mediated chromatin interactions at single-nucleosome resolution on a genome-wide scale.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Referral Biopsy Compared to Optical Biopsy in Large Non-pedunculated Colorectal Polyps.

Background: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps (LNPCPs) offers excellent efficacy and safety. Referral biopsies are commonly obtained prior to EMR despite their potential adverse effects. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of referral biopsy as compared with optical evaluations and the polyp's final pathology.

Wavelets-Based Texture Analysis of Post Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Recognition of Pathological Complete Response in Rectal Cancer, a Retrospective Study.

: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) may experience pathological complete response (pCR). Tools that can identify pCR are required to define candidates suitable for the watch and wait (WW) strategy. Automated image analysis is used for predicting clinical aspects of diseases.

Prognostic Value of Ultra-Short Heart Rate Variability Measures Obtained from Electrocardiogram Recordings of Hospitalized Patients Diagnosed with Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common emergency with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Current risk stratification scores for non-ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI) use subjective or delayed information. Heart rate variability was shown to correlate with prognosis following MI.

The adenoviral E4orf4 protein: A multifunctional protein serving as a guide for treating cancer, a multifactorial disease.

Viruses exploit several cellular pathways to support their replication, and many of these virus-targeted pathways are also important for cancer growth. Consequently, studying virus-host interactions offers valuable insights into tumorigenesis and can suggest the development of novel anti-cancer therapies, with oncolytic viruses being one well-known example. The adenovirus E4orf4 protein, which disrupts several host regulatory pathways to facilitate viral infection, also functions as a potent anti-cancer agent when expressed independently.

Biochemical and neurophysiological effects of deficiency of the mitochondrial import protein TIMM50.

TIMM50, an essential TIM23 complex subunit, is suggested to facilitate the import of ~60% of the mitochondrial proteome. In this study, we characterized a disease-causing mutation in human fibroblasts and noted significant decreases in TIM23 core protein levels (TIMM50, TIMM17A/B, and TIMM23). Strikingly, TIMM50 deficiency had no impact on the steady-state levels of most of its putative substrates, suggesting that even low levels of a functional TIM23 complex are sufficient to maintain the majority of TIM23 complex-dependent mitochondrial proteome.

Probing the anharmonicity of vibrational polaritons with double-quantum two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy.

Strong coupling between the molecular vibrations and electromagnetic fields of light confined to an infrared cavity leads to the formation of vibro-polaritons - quasi-particles thought to provide the means to control the rates of chemical reactions inside a dark cavity. Despite the mechanisms indicating how vibrational coupling to the vacuum fields can affect the reaction rates are still not well understood, it has been recently demonstrated that the formation of the polariton states alters the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of the strongly coupled system. The relaxation dynamics in molecules, which is known to be important for the chemical reactivity, is directed by anharmonic couplings involving multiple intra- and inter-molecular vibrational degrees of freedom.

Coming out of the Integrative Oncology Comfort Zone: Addressing Healthcare Providers' Wartime-Related Concerns.

Study Objective: To assess the impact of a personalized integrative medicine (IM) intervention on healthcare providers (HCPs) expressing war-related emotional/spiritual and physical concerns.

Methods: Physicians, nurses, para-medical and other HCPs from 5 hospital departments in northern Israel underwent IM treatments provided by IM-trained practitioners working in integrative oncology (IO) care settings. The two main HCP-reported concerns were scored (from 0 to 6) before and following the intervention using the Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing questionnaire.