Utilities Associated with the Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD): A Time Trade-off (TTO) Study in the UK and Canada.

Purpose: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) causes decreased growth rate in children, resulting in short stature in childhood and adulthood. Daily subcutaneous injections with growth hormone (GH) have been standard treatment. Newer weekly GH formulations now exist.

Drones delivering automated external defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

Unlabelled: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a critical health concern, where prompt access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) significantly improves survival. This scoping review broadly investigates the feasibility and impact of dronedelivered AEDs for OHCA response.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 6, 2024, with eligibility broadly including empirical data.

How resistant is anammox biofilm against antibiotics: A special insight into anammox response towards fluoroquinolones.

Elevated concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the water bodies are posing a serious threat to the aquatic microbiota and other organisms. In this context, anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria carry a great potential to degrade PhACs through their innate metabolic pathways. This study investigates the influence of short-term exposure to lower and higher concentrations (0.

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel.

Scaling of steel surfaces, prevalent in various industrial applications, results in significant operational inefficiencies and maintenance costs. Inspired by the natural hydrophobicity of springtail (Collembola) skin, which employs micro- and nanostructures to repel water, we investigate the application of silicone nanofilaments (SNFs) as a coating on steel surfaces to mitigate scaling. Silicone nanofilaments, previously successful on polymers, textiles, and glass, are explored for their hydrophobic properties and stability on steel.

Barriers and drivers influencing people's behaviour towards COVID-19 public health and social measures in the Netherlands.

Background: The disease burden of COVID-19 infection, morbidity, and mortality was unevenly distributed across different population subgroups. A one-size-fits-all approach may not reach all groups. Identifying barriers and drivers that influence behaviour towards COVID-19 public health and social measures (PHSM) is an important step when designing tailored interventions.

Occurrence, mortality, and economic burden of brain disorders in Denmark, 2015-2021: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Brain disorders (neurological and mental disorders) are common and burdensome diseases. We examined occurrence, mortality, and economic burden of brain disorders in Denmark from 2015 to 2021.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using individual-level registry data.

Validation of the 5-SNP score for the prediction of venous thromboembolism in a Danish fast-track cohort of 6789 total hip and total knee arthroplasty patients.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite improvements with fast-track treatment protocols, 0.5% of patients still develop a VTE within 90-days postoperatively.

Internal mammary node irradiation in 4541 node-positive breast cancer patients treated with newer systemic therapies and 3D-based radiotherapy (DBCG IMN2): a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study.

Background: Internal mammary node irradiation (IMNI) improves overall survival (OS) in node-positive breast cancer patients. However, the effect is not documented in breast cancer patients treated with newer systemic therapies and 3D-based radiotherapy (RT). Therefore, the Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) IMN2 study aimed to investigate the effect of IMNI in node-positive breast cancer patients treated with newer systemic therapies and 3D-based RT.

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial on the Renal and Systemic Hemodynamic Effects of Empagliflozin.

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A decrease in renal blood flow (RBF) with attenuation of glomerular hyperfiltration may contribute. We examined renal and systemic hemodynamic effects of SGLT2i in relevant patient categories.

Toward a phylogenomic classification of magnoliids.

Premise: Magnoliids are a strongly supported clade of angiosperms. Previous phylogenetic studies based primarily on analyses of a limited number of mostly plastid markers have led to the current classification of magnoliids into four orders and 18 families. However, uncertainty remains regarding the placement of several families.

Discovery of robust and highly specific microbiome signatures of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with a global prevalence of 30% is multifactorial and the involvement of gut bacteria has been recently proposed. However, finding robust bacterial signatures of NAFLD has been a great challenge, mainly due to its co-occurrence with other metabolic diseases.

Results: Here, we collected public metagenomic data and integrated the taxonomy profiles with in silico generated community metabolic outputs, and detailed clinical data, of 1206 Chinese subjects w/wo metabolic diseases, including NAFLD (obese and lean), obesity, T2D, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.

Pangenome mining of the Streptomyces genus redefines species' biosynthetic potential.

Background: Streptomyces is a highly diverse genus known for the production of secondary or specialized metabolites with a wide range of applications in the medical and agricultural industries. Several thousand complete or nearly complete Streptomyces genome sequences are now available, affording the opportunity to deeply investigate the biosynthetic potential within these organisms and to advance natural product discovery initiatives.

Results: We perform pangenome analysis on 2371 Streptomyces genomes, including approximately 1200 complete assemblies.

Blood from septic patients with necrotising soft tissue infection treated with hyperbaric oxygen reveal different gene expression patterns compared to standard treatment.

Background: Sepsis and shock are common complications of necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTI). Sepsis encompasses different endotypes that are associated with specific immune responses. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment activates the cells oxygen sensing mechanisms that are interlinked with inflammatory pathways.

Differentially localizing isoforms of the migraine component calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), in the mouse trigeminal ganglion: βCGRP is translated but, unlike αCGRP, not sorted into axons.

Objective: The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been established to be a key signaling molecule in migraine, but little is known about the differences between the two isoforms: αCGRP and βCGRP. Previous studies have been hampered by their close similarity, making the development of specific antibodies nearly impossible. In this study we sought to test the hypothesis that αCGRP and βCGRP localize differently within the neurons of the mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG), using αCGRP knock out (KO) animals.

Blood absolute lymphocyte count and trajectory are important in understanding severe COVID-19.

Background: Low blood absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) may predict severe COVID-19 outcomes. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the relationship of ALC trajectory with clinical outcomes and factors associated with lymphopenia.

Methods: Our post hoc analysis of the Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 platform trial utilized proportional hazards models to assess relationships between Day (D) 0 lymphopenia (ALC < 0.

Multiplex genome editing eliminates lactate production without impacting growth rate in mammalian cells.

The Warburg effect, which describes the fermentation of glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen, is ubiquitous in proliferative mammalian cells, including cancer cells, but poses challenges for biopharmaceutical production as lactate accumulation inhibits cell growth and protein production. Previous efforts to eliminate lactate production in cells for bioprocessing have failed as lactate dehydrogenase is essential for cell growth. Here, we effectively eliminate lactate production in Chinese hamster ovary and in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 by simultaneous knockout of lactate dehydrogenases and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, thereby removing a negative feedback loop that typically inhibits pyruvate conversion to acetyl-CoA.

Molecular dynamics-guided reaction discovery reveals endoperoxide-to-alkoxy radical isomerization as key branching point in α-pinene ozonolysis.

Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) significantly impact Earth's climate and human health. Although the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been recognized as the major contributor to the atmospheric SOA budget, the mechanisms by which this process produces SOA-forming highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) remain unclear. A major challenge is navigating the complex chemical landscape of these transformations, which traditional hypothesis-driven methods fail to thoroughly investigate.

Integrated TWAS, GWAS, and RNAseq results identify candidate genes associated with reproductive traits in cows.

Low fertility in cows leads to early removal from herds. Since reproductive traits are complex and have low heritability, genetic analysis can aid in improving reproduction. This study identified key genes linked to fertility by conducting genome- and transcriptome-wide association studies, RNA-seq analysis, meta-analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and functional enrichment analysis.

Metagenome-guided culturomics for the targeted enrichment of gut microbes.

The gut microbiome significantly impacts human health, yet cultivation challenges hinder its exploration. Here, we combine deep whole-metagenome sequencing with culturomics to selectively enrich for taxa and functional capabilities of interest. Using a modified commercial base medium, 50 growth modifications were evaluated, spanning antibiotics, physico-chemical conditions, and bioactive compounds.

Mixed effect model confirms increased risk of image changes with increasing linear energy transfer in proton therapy of gliomas.

Background And Purpose: Radiation induced image changes (IC) on MRI have been observed after proton therapy for brain tumours. This study aims to create predictive models, with and without taking into account patient variation, based on dose, linear energy transfer (LET) and periventricular zone (PVZ) in a national cohort of patients with glioma treated with pencil beam scanning (PBS).

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 87 consecutive patients with oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma (WHO grade 2-4) treated with PBS from January 2019 to December 2021 was included.

Genomic and phenotypic correlates of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in blood.

Mosaic loss of Y (mLOY) is the most common somatic chromosomal alteration detected in human blood. The presence of mLOY is associated with altered blood cell counts and increased risk of Alzheimer disease, solid tumors, and other age-related diseases. We sought to gain a better understanding of genetic drivers and associated phenotypes of mLOY through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large set of genetically diverse males from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.

Experiments and modelling of pulmonary surfactant disruption by aerosolised compounds.

Within the deep lung, pulmonary surfactant coats the air-liquid interface at the surface of the alveoli. This complex mixture of amphiphilic molecules and proteins modifies the surface tension and mechanical properties of this interface to assist with breathing. In this study, we examine the effects on pulmonary surfactant function by two industrially used compounds composing surfactants and polymers.

Transperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: a comparison of operative and oncological outcomes between posterior and anterolateral tumours.

Objective: To compare operative and oncological outcomes, as well as the risk of postoperative complications in patients who underwent transperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for renal tumours located either posteriorly or anterolaterally.

Methods: Retrospective, consecutive study including 451 patients who underwent transperitoneal RAPN for non-metastatic, localised renal tumours from May 2016 to April 2023. Operative data included duration of the procedure, warm ischaemia time, and blood loss; oncological data included surgical margins and recurrence; and 90-day postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Reconstruction of reverberant sound fields over large spatial domains.

Characterising acoustic fields in rooms is challenging due to the complexity of data acquisition. Sound field reconstruction methods aim at predicting the acoustic quantities at positions where no data are available, incorporating generalisable physical priors of the sound in a room. This study introduces a model that exploits the general time structure of the room impulse response, where a wave-based expansion addresses the direct sound and early reflections, localising their apparent origin, and kernel methods are applied to the late part.

Advancing Principled Pharmacoepidemiologic Research to Support Regulatory and Healthcare Decision Making: The Era of Real-World Evidence.

A compilation of factors over the past decade-including the availability of increasingly large and rich healthcare datasets, advanced technologies to extract unstructured information from health records and digital sources, advancement of principled study design and analytic methods to emulate clinical trials, and frameworks to support transparent study conduct-has ushered in a new era of real-world evidence (RWE). This review article describes the evolution of the RWE era, including pharmacoepidemiologic methods designed to support causal inferences regarding treatment effects, the role of regulators and other health authorities in establishing distributed real-world data networks enabling analytics at scale, and the many global guidance documents on principled methods of producing RWE. This article also highlights the growing opportunity for RWE to support decision making by regulators, health technology assessment groups, clinicians, patients, and other stakeholders and provides examples of influential RWE studies.