Artificial Intelligence and medical specialties: support or substitution?

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has spurred extensive debate regarding its potential to replace human expertise across various medical specialties. This narrative review critically examines the integration of AI within diverse medical specialties to discern its role as a substitute or supporter. The analysis encompasses AI's impact on diagnostic precision, treatment planning, and patient care.

Diode and Selective Routing Functionalities Controlled by Geometry in Current-Induced Spin-Orbit Torque Driven Magnetic Domain Wall Devices.

Research on current-induced domain wall (DW) motion in heavy metal/ferromagnet structures is crucial for advancing memory, logic, and computing devices. Here, we demonstrate that adjusting the angle between the DW conduit and the current direction provides an additional degree of control over the current-induced DW motion. A DW conduit with a 45° section relative to the current direction enables asymmetrical DW behavior: for one DW polarity, motion proceeds freely, while for the opposite polarity, motion is impeded or even blocked in the 45° zone, depending on the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction strength.

Voice Quality Evaluation in a Mobile Cellular Network: In Situ Mean Opinion Score Measurements.

This article aims to test, measure and evaluate the quality of voice calls made in a mobile cellular network. A set of drive tests were conducted, during which logs were collected using specialized measurement terminals equipped with a dedicated voice evaluation application. Three different scenarios were considered: the first scenario consisted of a series of mobile-to-mobile calls in a circuit-switched (CS) domain over the GSM network, the second scenario involved similar calls using the VoLTE service in a packet-switched (PS) domain of a 4G network, and the third scenario employed an over-the-top (OTT) media service type via the WhatsApp application in the same PS domain of the 4G network.

Recycled Aggregates Influence on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Lime-Based Mortars.

The current framework for managing construction waste, guided by European Union regulations, calls for an integrated waste management system. However, the reuse of old plaster waste, particularly from deteriorated facades, remains underexplored. This study investigates the potential of repurposing old plaster waste as a substitute for aggregates and cement in mortars, with the aim of promoting environmental sustainability and resource efficiency.

Graphite-Phosphate Composites: Structure and Voltammetric Investigations.

The utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing sharply with the increasing use of mobile phones, laptops, tablets, and electric vehicles worldwide. Technologies are required for the recycling and recovery of spent LIBs. In the context of the circular economy, it is urgent to search for new methods to recycle waste graphite that comes from the retired electrode of LIBs.

Automating Dental Condition Detection on Panoramic Radiographs: Challenges, Pitfalls, and Opportunities.

The integration of AI into dentistry holds promise for improving diagnostic workflows, particularly in the detection of dental pathologies and pre-radiotherapy screening for head and neck cancer patients. This study aimed to develop and validate an AI model for detecting various dental conditions, with a focus on identifying teeth at risk prior to radiotherapy. A YOLOv8 model was trained on a dataset of 1628 annotated panoramic radiographs and externally validated on 180 radiographs from multiple centers.

Cu-Al-Ni Nanocrystalline Compacts Obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering of Mechanically Alloyed Powders.

The aim of this work is to obtain Cu-13.5Al-4Ni alloy for use as shape memory alloy by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of mechanically alloyed powder. The study investigates the structural and microstructural changes in terms of crystal parameters, crystallite sizes, and phases evolution during mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering of Cu-13.

LEDA-Layered Event-Based Malware Detection Architecture.

The rapid increase in new malware necessitates effective detection methods. While machine learning techniques have shown promise for malware detection, most research focuses on identifying malware through the content of executable files or full behavior logs collected from process start to finish. However, detecting threats like ransomware via full logs is redundant, as this malware type openly informs users of the infection.

Hydrogel Matrix Containing Microcarriers for Dexamethasone Delivery to Protect Against Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss.

A functional hydrogel containing biopolymer microcarriers loaded with dexamethasone was developed to address the hearing loss that results from cisplatin ototoxicity. The drug delivery platform was tested both in vitro in the HEI-OC1 inner ear cell line and in vivo in a rat animal model. The newly described formula offered prolonged release of the contained dexamethasone for up to six days and transformed into a solid state at body temperature, thus counteracting its clearing through the Eustachian tube when injected into the middle ear.

eHealth Assistant AI Chatbot Using a Large Language Model to Provide Personalized Answers through Secure Decentralized Communication.

In this paper, we present the implementation of an artificial intelligence health assistant designed to complement a previously built eHealth data acquisition system for helping both patients and medical staff. The assistant allows users to query medical information in a smarter, more natural way, respecting patient privacy and using secure communications through a chat style interface based on the Matrix decentralized open protocol. Assistant responses are constructed locally by an interchangeable large language model (LLM) that can form rich and complete answers like most human medical staff would.

In Silico Decoding of Parkinson's: Speech & Writing Analysis.

: Parkinson's disease (PD) has transitioned from a rare condition in 1817 to the fastest-growing neurological disorder globally. The significant increase in cases from 2.5 million in 1990 to 6.

Gemini-Assisted Deep Learning Classification Model for Automated Diagnosis of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry Images.

To develop a deep learning model for esophageal motility disorder diagnosis using high-resolution manometry images with the aid of Gemini. Gemini assisted in developing this model by aiding in code writing, preprocessing, model optimization, and troubleshooting. The model demonstrated an overall precision of 0.

A Method for Assessing the Reliability of the Pepper Robot in Handling Office Documents: A Case Study.

Humanoid robots are increasingly being utilized in various activities involving humans, as they can facilitate certain tasks and provide benefits to users. Humanoid service robots possess capabilities akin to human performance, often proving advantageous due to their operational speed and immunity to fatigue. Within the scope of this study, Pepper, a humanoid robot renowned for its fidelity in mimicking human gestures and behavior, serves as the focal point.

Biofabrication of GO-Ag nanocomposite using Cucumis callosus (kachri) fruits: Enhanced antibacterial properties and green synthesis approach.

This study presents a novel, environmentally sustainable method for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) sheets decorated uniformly with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) ranging in size from 4 to 34 nm. The reduction of AgNO is achieved using an extract derived from Cucumis callosus fruit, which serves as a dual-function stabilizing and reducing agent. Cucumis callosus, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family and native to regions such as India, South America, Thailand, Africa, and Egypt, is recognized for its substantial nutritional and medicinal value, encompassing antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Integration of ultrasound and microwave pretreatments with solid-state fermentation enhances the release of sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds in wheat bran.

Wheat bran (WB), a byproduct of milling, is rich in bioactive compounds with significant health benefits. This study aimed to enhance the release of phenolic compounds, sugars, and organic acids from WB by integrating ultrasound (UsP) and microwave (MWP) pretreatments with solid-state fermentation (SSF). UsP and MWP disrupted WB cell walls, followed by SSF with Aspergillus niger.

Evaluating radon concentration and temporal correction factors in residential and workplace buildings: A comparison of passive and active methods.

Effective mitigation of the health impacts of radon exposure begins with accurate measurement of this environmental contaminant. Typically, radon surveys require measurements over a period of several months. This process involves the application of temporal correction factors (TCF).

Overview of Embedded Rust Operating Systems and Frameworks.

Embedded Operating Systems (OSs) are often developed in the C programming language. Developers justify this choice by the performance that can be achieved, the low memory footprint, and the ease of mapping hardware to software, as well as the strong adoption by industry of this programming language. The downside is that C is prone to security vulnerabilities unknowingly introduced by the software developer.

A Comprehensive Review of Hardware Acceleration Techniques and Convolutional Neural Networks for EEG Signals.

This paper comprehensively reviews hardware acceleration techniques and the deployment of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) signals across various application areas, including emotion classification, motor imagery, epilepsy detection, and sleep monitoring. Previous reviews on EEG have mainly focused on software solutions. However, these reviews often overlook key challenges associated with hardware implementation, such as scenarios that require a small size, low power, high security, and high accuracy.

SpecRep: Adversary Emulation Based on Attack Objective Specification in Heterogeneous Infrastructures.

Cybercriminals have become an imperative threat because they target the most valuable resource on earth, data. Organizations prepare against cyber attacks by creating Cyber Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) that use various technologies to monitor and detect threats and to help perform forensics on machines and networks. Testing the limits of defense technologies and the skill of a CSIRT can be performed through adversary emulation performed by so-called "red teams".

High Milling Time Influence on the Phase Stability and Electrical Properties of FeMnSn Heusler Alloy Obtained by Mechanical Alloying.

FeMnSn Heusler alloy, obtained by mechanical alloying, was subjected to larger milling times in the range of 30-50 h to study the phase stability and morphology. X-ray diffraction studies have shown that the milled samples crystallise in a disordered A structure. The A structure was found to be stable in the milling range studied, contrary to the computation studies performed on this composition.

Electrospun Polymeric Fiber Systems Inoculated with Cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive: A Novel Hemostatic Alternative during Open Surgery.

Natural-based and synthetic tissue adhesives have attracted extensive attention in the last two decades for their ability to stabilize uncontrolled bleeding instances. However; these materials present several drawbacks during use that scientists have tried to minimize in order to optimize their usage. This study comprises the development of a novel wound dressing, combining the excellent properties of polylactic acid (PLA) non-woven textile, as substrate, obtained through electrospinning, and a cyanoacrylate-based (CA) tissue adhesive, for rapid hemostatic action.

The Effect of Calcium and Iron (III) Oxides on Lead Spent Plates: Spectroscopic, Voltametric, and EIS Investigations.

In this study, xCaO‧5FeO‧(95-x)Pb glasses and vitroceramics containing various concentrations of calcium ions (from 0 to 50 mol% CaO) were prepared using the spent anodic plate of a car battery. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed changes in the network structure as a function of CaO content. The intensities of the IR bands due to the sulfate and sulfite units were lowered, indicating a decrease in the sulfurization degree within the lead network.

Robotics in Physical Rehabilitation: Systematic Review.

As the global prevalence of motor disabilities continues to rise, there is a pressing need for advanced solutions in physical rehabilitation. This systematic review examines the progress and challenges of implementing robotic technologies in the motor rehabilitation of patients with physical disabilities. The integration of robotic technologies such as exoskeletons, assistive training devices, and brain-computer interface systems holds significant promise for enhancing functional recovery and patient autonomy.

Corrigendum: Critical Care Nurses' Perceptions of Abuse and Its Impact on Healthy Work Environments in Five European Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.