Two-photon microscopy for microrobotics: Visualization of micro-agents below fixed tissue.

Optical microscopy is frequently used to visualize microrobotic agents (i.e., micro-agents) and physical surroundings with a relatively high spatio-temporal resolution.

Photoacoustic spectrum analysis for spherical target size and optical property determination: A feasibility study.

The photoacoustic signal generated by an optically absorbing target is determined by the spatial profile of absorbed optical energy within the target. The analysis of the time profile and frequency content of the signal enables the recovery of the geometry of the object, as well as information about the optical properties. The photoacoustic response of spheres with a homogeneous absorbed optical energy profile is well described, and it is known that the width of the photoacoustic pulse is determined by the diameter of the sphere and its sound speed.

How to START? Four pillars to optimally begin your orphan drug development.

Drug development is a complex, resource intensive and long process in any disease area, and developing medicines to treat rare diseases presents even more challenges due to the small patient populations, often limited disease knowledge, heterogeneous clinical manifestations, and disease progression. However, common to all drug development programs is the need to gather as much information as possible on both the disease and the patients' needs ahead of the development path definition. Here, we propose a checklist named START, a tool that provides an overview of the key pillars to be considered when starting an orphan drug development: STakeholder mapping, Available information on the disease, Resources, and Target patient value profile.

Five-Year Outcomes after Paclitaxel Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment of Femoropopliteal Lesions in Diabetic and Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Cohorts: IN.PACT Global Study Post Hoc Analysis.

Purpose: To summarize the 5-year outcomes of drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of femoropopliteal lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) compared to non-DM and intermittent claudication (IC).

Methods: The IN.PACT Global study was a real-world prospective, multicenter, international, single-arm study that enrolled 1535 participants.

Intraprocedural assessment of ablation margins using computed tomography co-registration in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with percutaneous ablation: IAMCOMPLETE study.

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of ablation margin quantification using a standardized scanning protocol during thermal ablation (TA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and a rigid registration algorithm. Secondary objectives were to determine the inter- and intra-observer variability of tumor segmentation and quantification of the minimal ablation margin (MAM).

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients who underwent thermal ablation for HCC were included.

Choice of Protein, Not Its Amyloid-Fold, Determines the Success of Amyloid-Based Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration.

The formation of fibrocartilage during articular cartilage regeneration remains a clinical problem affecting adequate restoration of articular cartilage in joints. To stimulate chondrocytes to form articular cartilage, we investigated the use of amyloid fibril-based scaffolds. The proteins α-synuclein, β-lactoglobulin, and lysozyme were induced to self-assemble into amyloid fibrils and, during dialysis, formed micrometer scale amyloid networks that resemble the cartilage extracellular matrix.

A Systematic Review of Endovascular Repair Outcomes in Atherosclerotic Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia.

Objective: Chronic mesenteric ischaemia (CMI) treatment focuses on symptom relief and prevention of disease progression. Endovascular repair represents the main treatment modality, while data on the associated antiplatelet regimen are scarce. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the early and midterm outcomes of endovascular repair in patients with CMI.

Test characteristics of Raman spectroscopy integrated with polarized light microscopy for the diagnosis of acute gouty arthritis.

Objectives: We studied the performance of Raman spectroscopy integrated with polarized light microscopy (iRPolM) as a next-generation technique for synovial fluid analysis in gout.

Methods: This is a prospective study, including consecutive synovial fluid samples drawn from any peripheral swollen joint. Diagnostic accuracy was compared to the 2015 ACR/EULAR Gout classification criteria as a reference test and to polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis by a rheumatologist.

Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards - Value of Information (CHEERS-VOI): Explanation and Elaboration.

Objectives: Although the ISPOR Value of Information (VOI) Task Force's reports outline VOI concepts and provide good-practice recommendations, there is no guidance for reporting VOI analyses. VOI analyses are usually performed alongside economic evaluations for which the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 Statement provides reporting guidelines. Thus, we developed the CHEERS-VOI checklist to provide reporting guidance and checklist to support the transparent, reproducible, and high-quality reporting of VOI analyses.

Evaluation of Electrocardiogram-Gated Computed Tomography Angiography to Quantify Changes in Geometry and Dynamic Behavior during the Cardiac Cycle of the Nellix Endovascular Sealing System.

Background: The Nellix endovascular sealing system (EVAS) was a unique concept with regard to its sealing concept that failed, related to high migration rates. We investigated the changes in aortoiliac morphology during the cardiac cycle before and after EVAS using electrocardiography (ECG)-gated CT.

Methods: Eight patients scheduled for EVAS were prospectively enrolled.

Transarterial radioembolization: a systematic review on gaining control over the parameters that influence microsphere distribution.

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is an established treatment modality for patients with unresectable liver cancer. However, a better understanding of treatment parameters that influence microsphere distribution could further improve the therapy. This systematic review examines and summarizes the available evidence on intraprocedural parameters that influence the microsphere distribution during TARE as investigated by in vivo, ex vivo, in vitro and in silico studies.

Health Economic Research Assessing the Value of Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prominent cause of death worldwide and has a major impact on healthcare budgets. While early detection strategies may reduce the overall CVD burden through earlier treatment, it is unclear which strategies are (most) efficient.

Aim: This systematic review reports on the cost effectiveness of recent early detection strategies for CVD in adult populations at risk.

Self-oxygenation of engineered living tissues orchestrates osteogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells.

Oxygenating biomaterials can alleviate anoxic stress, stimulate vascularization, and improve engraftment of cellularized implants. However, the effects of oxygen-generating materials on tissue formation have remained largely unknown. Here, we investigate the impact of calcium peroxide (CPO)-based oxygen-generating microparticles (OMPs) on the osteogenic fate of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) under a severely oxygen deficient microenvironment.

Prognostic Value of [F]FDG PET Radiomics to Detect Peritoneal and Distant Metastases in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer-A Side Study of the Prospective Multicentre PLASTIC Study.

Aim: To improve identification of peritoneal and distant metastases in locally advanced gastric cancer using [F]FDG-PET radiomics.

Methods: [F]FDG-PET scans of 206 patients acquired in 16 different Dutch hospitals in the prospective multicentre PLASTIC-study were analysed. Tumours were delineated and 105 radiomic features were extracted.

Eversion technique versus traditional carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty: a systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis.

Introduction: The use of an 'eversion' technique is not unequivocally proven to be superior to carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty. An up-to-date systematic review is needed for evaluation of benefits and harms of these two techniques.

Methods: RCTs comparing eversion technique versus endarterectomy with patch angioplasty in patients with a symptomatic and significant (≥50 %) stenosis of the internal carotid artery were enrolled.

Neurophysiological signatures reflect differences in visual attention during absence seizures.

Objective: Absences affect visual attention and eye movements variably. Here, we explore whether the dissimilarity of these symptoms during absences is reflected in differences in electroencephalographic (EEG) features, functional connectivity, and activation of the frontal eye field.

Methods: Pediatric patients with absences performed a computerized choice reaction time task, with simultaneous recording of EEG and eye-tracking.

Robust Tissue Fabrication for Long-Term Culture of iPSC-Derived Brain Organoids for Aging Research.

The currently available animal and cellular models do not fully recapitulate the complexity of changes that take place in the aging human brain. A recent development of procedures describing the generation of human cerebral organoids, derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), has the potential to fundamentally transform the ability to model and understand the aging of the human brain and related pathogenic processes. Here, an optimized protocol for generating, maintaining, aging, and characterizing human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids is presented.

Metabolic Cardiomyopathies and Cardiac Defects in Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Systematic Review.

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive chronic disease that remains a primary cause of death worldwide, affecting over 64 million patients. HF can be caused by cardiomyopathies and congenital cardiac defects with monogenic etiology. The number of genes and monogenic disorders linked to development of cardiac defects is constantly growing and includes inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs).

Preclinical evaluation of 2-[F]fluorodeoxysorbitol as a tracer for targeted imaging of Enterobacterales infection.

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography (F-FDG-PET) is widely used for the detection of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although this modality has proven to be a useful diagnostic tool, reliable distinction of bacterial infection from sterile inflammation or even from a malignancy remains challenging. Therefore, there is a need for bacteria-specific tracers for PET imaging that facilitate a reliable distinction of bacterial infection from other pathology.

Automated assessment of human engineered heart tissues using deep learning and template matching for segmentation and tracking.

The high rate of drug withdrawal from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity or lack of efficacy, the economic burden, and extremely long time before a compound reaches the market, have increased the relevance of human in vitro models like human (patient-derived) pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived engineered heart tissues (EHTs) for the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of compounds at the early phase in the drug development pipeline. Consequently, the EHT contractile properties are highly relevant parameters for the analysis of cardiotoxicity, disease phenotype, and longitudinal measurements of cardiac function over time. In this study, we developed and validated the software HAARTA (Highly Accurate, Automatic and Robust Tracking Algorithm), which automatically analyzes contractile properties of EHTs by segmenting and tracking brightfield videos, using deep learning and template matching with sub-pixel precision.

Cognition, emotional state, and quality of life of survivors after cardiac arrest with rhythmic and periodic EEG patterns.

Aim: Rhythmic and periodic patterns (RPPs) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) in comatose patients after cardiac arrest have been associated with high case fatality rates. A good neurological outcome according to the Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) has been reported in up to 10% of cases. Data on cognitive, emotional, and quality of life outcomes are lacking.

Assessment of daily variation in pelvic anatomy in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can affect quality of life and are reported to progress during the day, although this was never objectified. The aim of this study is to determine whether the pelvic anatomy changes during the day using upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in POP patients and asymptomatic women.

Methods: In this prospective study 15 POP patients and 45 asymptomatic women were included.

Robot-assisted and fluorescence-guided remnant-cholecystectomy: a prospective dual-center cohort study.

Background: Abdominal symptoms after cholecystectomy may be caused by gallstones in a remnant gallbladder or a long cystic duct stump. Resection of a remnant gallbladder or cystic duct stump is associated with an increased risk of conversion and bile duct or vascular injuries. We prospectively investigated the additional value of robotic assistance and fluorescent bile duct illumination in redo biliary surgery.