Relationship of cue-induced urinary urges to nocturia in women ages 18 to 40 years.

Aims: Although physiological factors have a role in nocturia, research suggests that behavioral processes, especially classical conditioning may also play an important role in nocturia and other lower urinary tract symptoms. The study aimed to assess the relationship of stimulus-associated urges during the day to nocturia in a sample of women aged 18 to 40, after controlling for physiological symptoms (eg, overactive bladder [OAB]; daytime frequency).

Methods: An online study was conducted using a panel of 356 female participants between the ages of 18 to 40.

Cafeteria noise exposure and fruit and vegetable consumption at school lunch: A cross-sectional study of elementary students.

Presently in the U.S., few children meet the recommendation for daily consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV).

Reproducibility of Task-Oriented Bimanual and Unimanual Strength Measurement in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.

To examine reproducibility of the arm-hand strength measured while performing the bimanual crate task and the unimanual pitcher task. 105 children diagnosed with unilateral Cerebral Palsy, aged between 6 and 18 years, participated in this study. The test-retest reliability of the force generated during bimanual crate task and unimanual pitcher task of the Task-oriented Arm-hAnd Capacity instrument was investigated using intraclass correlation two-way random model with absolute agreement.

Rating Scales and Performance-based Measures for Assessment of Functional Ability in Huntington's Disease: Critique and Recommendations.

Limitation of functional ability is a major feature of Huntington's disease (HD). The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned the appraisal of the use and clinimetric properties of clinical measures of functional ability that have been applied in HD studies and trials to date, to make recommendations regarding their use based on standardized criteria. After a systematic literature search, we included a total of 29 clinical measures grouped into two categories: (1) performance-based measures (e.

Amphetamine enantiomers inhibit homomeric α7 nicotinic receptor through a competitive mechanism and within the intoxication levels in humans.

Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most consumed illicit drug worldwide and lack good treatments for associated substance use disorders, lagging behind other addictive drugs. For this reason, a deeper understanding of the pharmacodynamics of ATS is required. The present study seeks to determine amphetamine (AMPH) enantiomers' effects on the homomeric α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR).

Transcranial direct-current stimulation in ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Background: Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive neurostimulation treatment, has been reported in a number of sham-controlled studies to show significant improvements in treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia patients, primarily in ambulatory and higher-functioning patients, but little is known of the effects of tDCS on hospitalized, low-functioning inpatients.

Objective/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of tDCS for auditory hallucinations in hospitalized ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and to evaluate the effects of tDCS on cognitive functions. We hypothesized that treatment non-response reported in previous tDCS studies may have been due to the insufficient duration of direct-current stimulation.

Does the Mexican sugar-sweetened beverage tax have a signaling effect? ENSANUT 2016.

Objective: To evaluate the potential signaling effect of the Mexican tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) by analyzing the association between awareness of and opinions about its effectiveness with current consumption of taxed SSBs and with a self-reported change in consumption of SSBs since the implementation of the tax. We also examined the association between psychosocial and environmental determinants of SSB consumption with current consumption of taxed SSBs and with a reported change in consumption of SSBs.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of survey and food-frequency questionnaire data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016.

Does social cognition training augment response to computer-assisted cognitive remediation for schizophrenia?

Objectives: Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has shown significant improvement in cognition in schizophrenia. However, effect sizes of CRT have been reported to be modest raising the issue how to augment the effects of CRT on neurocognition and social cognition. Our aim was to examine whether the addition of computerized social cognition training would enhance the effects on neurocognition and social cognition as compared to CRT alone.

Psychosocial mediators of dietary change among Hispanic/Latina breast cancer survivors in a culturally tailored dietary intervention.

Objective: To examine psychosocial mediators of the effect of a culturally tailored dietary intervention on dietary change among Hispanic/Latina breast cancer survivors.

Methods: Hispanic/Latina breast cancer survivors (n = 70) were randomized to receive either a 12-week theory-based and culturally tailored dietary change program (intervention group, n = 34), or standard-of-care printed recommendations (control group, n = 36) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01414062).

Rationale, design, and baseline data for the Healthy Mom II Trial: A randomized trial examining the efficacy of exercise and wellness interventions for the prevention of postpartum depression.

Approximately 13-19% of women experience postpartum depression and approximately one-third of women who have a history of depression develop depression during the postpartum phase. Exercise is an efficacious intervention for depression among adults; however, few studies have examined the effect of exercise on postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to conduct a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of exercise and wellness interventions on preventing postpartum depression among women at risk.

Acceptability and feasibility of a Fitbit physical activity monitor for endometrial cancer survivors.

Objective: Endometrial cancer survivors are the least physically active of all cancer survivor groups and exhibit up to 70% obesity. While studies suggest lifestyle interventions result in improved health outcomes, recruitment and availability of these programs are limited. The purpose was to evaluate the acceptability and validity of the Fitbit Alta™ physical activity monitor (Fitbit) for socioculturally diverse endometrial cancer survivors.

The Opportunity for Telehealth to Support Neurological Healthcare.

Neurological conditions affect one-third of Americans and are some of the most prevalent health issues in the country. Many sufferers have difficulty accessing treatment, however, advances in technology may be able to support availability, affordability, and convenience of care through telehealth services. This review outlines the current state of telemedicine in neurological healthcare, highlighting evidence-based research and use cases for digital services.

The Dysphagia in Stroke Protocol Reduces Aspiration Pneumonia in Patients with Dysphagia Following Acute Stroke: a Clinical Audit.

Cough reflex testing has been evaluated as a component of the clinical swallowing assessment as a means of identifying patients at risk of aspiration during swallowing. A previous study by our research group found good sensitivity and specificity of the cough reflex test for identifying patients at risk of aspiration post-stroke, yet its use did not decrease pneumonia rates, contrary to previous reports. The aim of this study was to expand on our earlier work by implementing a clinical management protocol incorporating cough reflex testing within the same healthcare setting and compare patient outcomes to those from the original study and to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients with acute stroke who were managed using the Dysphagia in Stroke Protocol (DiSP).

The 2017 Diabetes Educator and the Diabetes Self-Management Education National Practice Survey.

Purpose The American Association of Diabetes Educators conducts the National Practice Survey (NPS) biennially to document current practice in diabetes education in the United States. The purpose of the study is to obtain insight about factors influencing the work of the diabetes educator. Method The 2017 NPS was comprised of 100 questions covering diabetes educator demographics, profile populations of people with diabetes, practice information, program accreditation, program curriculum, staffing, education delivery methods, data collection, and reporting.

Personality traits and career choices among physicians in Finland: employment sector, clinical patient contact, specialty and change of specialty.

Background: Personality influences an individual's adaptation to a specific job or organization. Little is known about personality trait differences between medical career and specialty choices after graduating from medical school when actually practicing different medical specialties. Moreover, whether personality traits contribute to important career choices such as choosing to work in the private or public sector or with clinical patient contact, as well as change of specialty, have remained largely unexplored.

A Marxist therapist treats a Trump-supporting client: A tale of politics and psychotherapy.

When there are politically polarizing events taking place in the world, can it be useful for a therapist to disclose his or her political views within the context of a psychotherapeutic dyad? This paper examines this question through the example of a Marxist therapist working with a politically conservative patient in the polarized political atmosphere following Donald Trump's election to the Presidency of the United States. Also explored are the patient's dynamics that might have made it particularly salient for the therapist to eschew a more neutral stance. The theoretical and technical bases for this disclosure are examined via the Affect Theory of Silvan S.

The Experience of Diabetes-Related Language in Diabetes Care.

Objective: The goal of this study was to understand how adults with diabetes experience the words used in diabetes care.

Methods: This qualitative study guided by Critical Theory used two virtual and two in-person focus groups conducted by the same facilitator. A total of 68 focus group members participated.

Perception of American English vowels by sequential Spanish-English bilinguals.

Research on American-English (AE) vowel perception by Spanish-English bilinguals has focused on the vowels /i/-/ɪ/ (e.g., in /).

Challenges and Facilitators to Promoting a Healthy Food Environment and Communicating Effectively with Parents to Improve Food Behaviors of School Children.

Background Childhood obesity is a major public health concern and families play an important role. Improving strategies to reach parents and directing tailored nutrition education to them is needed. Purpose To investigate the challenges and facilitators to promoting a healthy environment at home and to identify communication preferences to inform intervention strategies for effectively reaching low-income urban minority families.

Early Enteral Nutrition is Associated with Faster Post-Esophagectomy Recovery in Chinese Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

We retrospectively examined a large cohort of esophageal carcinoma patients who received early enteral nutrition (EEN) to clarify the validity of EEN compared with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Included were a total of 665 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction; and all patients underwent esophagectomy. The patients were divided into two groups: TPN (n = 262) and EEN (n = 403).

Obesity intervention programs among adolescents using social cognitive theory: a systematic literature review.

Social cognitive theory (SCT) is a well-known theory for designing nutrition education and physical activity programs for adolescents. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intervention studies based on SCT in reducing or preventing overweight and obesity in adolescents. An electronic literature search in PubMed-Medline, Web of Science and Scopus was performed to identify intervention studies based on SCT aiming at preventing or reducing obesity in adolescents.

Why and How Schools Make Nutrition Education Programs "Work".

Background: There are many potential health benefits to having nutrition education programs offered by expert outside sources in schools. However, little is known about why and how schools initiate, implement, and institutionalize them. Gaining this understanding may allow the impact and reach of nutrition and other health education programs in schools to be extended.

Systematic review of the design, implementation and effectiveness of mass media and nutrition education interventions for infant and young child feeding.

Objective: To systematically review the design, implementation and effectiveness of mass media and nutrition education interventions for improving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and related psychosocial factors.

Design: A search of PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases, a Google search, and a consultation with experts in the field of IYCF performed in July 2016.

Setting: Low- and middle-income countries, as defined by the World Bank Group.

The Use of Language in Diabetes Care and Education.

Language is powerful and can have a strong impact on perceptions as well as behavior. A task force, consisting of representatives from the American Association of Diabetes Educators and the American Diabetes Association, convened to discuss language in diabetes care and education. The literature supports the need for a language movement in diabetes care and education.