Topography-driven differences in soil N transformation constrain N availability in karst ecosystems.

Fragile karst ecosystems are characterized by complex topographic landscapes associated with high variations in vegetation restoration. Identifying the characteristics and driving factors of nitrogen (N) availability across the topographic gradient is essential to guide vegetation restoration in karst regions. In this study, we collected soil samples and plant leaves along the topographic gradient (ridge, upper slope, middle slope, and foot slope) of convex slopes in the karst fault basin of southwest China, and determined the indicators reflecting soil N availability, N transformation rates, and their controlling factors.

Anti- Effects and Mechanisms of Theasaponin E1 and Assamsaponin A.

is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, and its drug resistance is becoming a serious problem. seed saponins showed inhibitory effects on resistant strains, but the active components and mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of two seed saponin monomers, theasaponin E1 (TE1) and assamsaponin A (ASA), on a resistant strain (ATCC 10231) were explored.

Socioeconomic deprivation, medical services accessibility, and income-related health inequality among older Chinese adults: evidence from a national longitudinal survey from 2011 to 2018.

Background: Health inequality poses a challenge to improving the quality of life of older adults as well as the service system. The literature rarely explores the moderating role of medical services accessibility in the association between socioeconomic deprivation and health inequality.

Objective: This study examines the socioeconomic deprivation and medical services accessibility associated with health inequality among older Chinese adults, which will contribute to the medical policy reform.

The Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Parasitoid Wasps and (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with Phylogenetic Implications and Novel Gene Rearrangements.

(Wilkinson, 1928) and (Haliday, 1834) are the most important parasitic wasps of Warren and (Prout). We sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of and , which are 17,063 bp and 16,397 bp in length, respectively, and possess 37 mitochondrial genes. We discovered two novel types of gene rearrangement, the local inversion of in and the remote inversion of the block in within the mitogenomes of Braconidae.

The Potential of and (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as Biocontrol Agents for the Tea Grey Geometrid (Lepidoptera).

The tea grey geometrid has long been a significant insect pest of tea plants in China. Two parasitoids, and (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae), are the most important parasitoids in the larval stage of . Yet, the potential of these two parasitoids for controlling the tea grey geometrid is not known.

Tonoplast-localized transporter ZmNRAMP2 confers root-to-shoot translocation of manganese in maize.

Almost all living organisms require manganese (Mn) as an essential trace element for survival. To maintain an irreplaceable role in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthesis, plants require efficient Mn uptake in roots and delivery to above-ground tissues. However, the underlying mechanisms of root-to-shoot Mn translocation remain unclear.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the effects of callose deposition and multihormone signal transduction pathways on the tea plant-Colletotrichum camelliae interaction.

Colletotrichum infects diverse hosts, including tea plants, and can lead to crop failure. Numerous studies have reported that biological processes are involved in the resistance of tea plants to Colletotrichum spp. However, the molecular and biochemical responses in the host during this interaction are unclear.

Baiyacha, a wild tea plant naturally occurring high contents of theacrine and 3″-methyl-epigallocatechin gallate from Fujian, China.

Baiyacha (BYC) is a kind of wild tea plant growing and utilizing in the remote mountain area of Fujian province, Southeastern China. However, scientific studies on this plant remain limited. Our results showed that BYC exhibits the typical morphological characteristics of Camellia gymnogyna Chang, a closely related species of C.

Novel insight into theacrine metabolism revealed by transcriptome analysis in bitter tea (Kucha, Camellia sinensis).

Kucha (Camellia sinensis) is a kind of unique wild tea resources in southwest China, containing sizeable amounts of theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid) and having a special bitter taste both in fresh leaves and made tea. Theacrine has good healthy function locally. But the molecular mechanism of theacrine metabolism in Kucha was still unclear.

Differences in the Characteristics and Pathogenicity of and Isolated From the Tea Plant [ (L.) O. Kuntze].

, the causative agent of anthracnose, is an important pathogen that invades the tea plant (). In this study, 38 isolates were obtained from the diseased leaves of tea plants collected in different areas of Zhejiang Province, China. A combination of multigene (ITS, ACT, GAPDH, TUB2, CAL, and GS) and morphology analyses showed that the 38 strains belonged to two different species, namely, (CC), and (CF).

A putative 12-oxophytodienoate reductase gene CsOPR3 from Camellia sinensis, is involved in wound and herbivore infestation responses.

12-Oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), which plays an important role in plant defense responses. Although multiple isoforms of OPRs have been identified in various annual herbaceous plants, genes encoding these enzymes in perennial woody plants have yet to be fully investigated. In the tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.

Soil fluoride fractions and their bioavailability to tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.).

Drinking teas containing high fluoride (F) imposes fluorosis risk. The soil F bioavailability is an important factor influencing its uptake and contents in teas. The present work was conducted to investigate F fractions in soil and their bioavailability to tea plants.

Lithological control on phytolith carbon sequestration in moso bamboo forests.

Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) is a stable carbon (C) fraction that has effects on long-term global C balance. Here, we report the phytolith and PhytOC accumulation in moso bamboo leaves developed on four types of parent materials. The results show that PhytOC content of moso bamboo varies with parent material in the order of granodiorite (2.

Phylogenetic variation of phytolith carbon sequestration in bamboos.

Phytoliths, the amorphous silica deposited in plant tissues, can occlude organic carbon (phytolith-occluded carbon, PhytOC) during their formation and play a significant role in the global carbon balance. This study explored phylogenetic variation of phytolith carbon sequestration in bamboos. The phytolith content in bamboo varied substantially from 4.

Magnesium nutrition on accumulation and transport of amino acids in tea plants.

Background: Free amino acids in young tea shoots are important chemical constituents, remarkably influencing the quality of green teas. Nutrient solution, soil pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of magnesium nutritional status on accumulation and transport of free amino acids in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O.

Differential expression pattern of an acidic 9/13-lipoxygenase in flower opening and senescence and in leaf response to phloem feeders in the tea plant.

Background: Lipoxygenase (LOXs) is a large family of plant enzymes that catalyse the hydroperoxidation of free polyunsaturated fatty acids into diverse biologically active compounds, collectively named phyto-oxylipins. Although multiple isoforms of LOXs have been identified in a wide range of annual herbaceous plants, the genes encoding these enzymes in perennial woody plants have not received as much attention. In Camellia sinensis (L.

Aluminium in tea plantations: mobility in soils and plants, and the influence of nitrogen fertilization.

The levels of extractable aluminum (Al) in soils of tea plantations, Al concentrations in tea leaves and the impact of nitrogen fertilization on these two parameters were investigated. In addition, the properties of soils from tea plantations were compared to those from soils of adjacent non-tea fields to evaluate the effect of land use conversion (from non-tea soils to tea soils). Exchangeable Al (extracted in 1 mol l(-1) KCl) ranged from 0.

[Attraction effect of main volatile components from tea shoots and flowers on Sphaerophoria menthastri (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Chrysopa septempunctata (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)].

The Y-olfactometer bioassays showed that the volatiles from tea aphids and tea aphid-damaged tea shoots (PHC) strongly attracted Sphaerophoria menthastri and Chrysopa septempunctata. At the dosage of 10(-4) g x ml(-1), S. menthastri selected geraniol and methyl salicylate from PHC, n-octanol from intact tea shoots (ITS), nerol from tea flowers (P < 0.

The impact of pH and calcium on the uptake of fluoride by tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.).

Background And Aims: Tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) accumulate large amounts of fluoride (F) from soils containing normal F concentrations. The present experiments examined the effects of pH and Ca on F uptake by this accumulating plant species.