2,189 results match your criteria: "Tbilisi State Medical University; M. Iashvili Central Children Hospital[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • - Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a group of disorders where small blood vessel clotting causes organ damage, including conditions like thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), each with unique causes and impacts on health.
  • - In TMA, inflammation leads to endothelial damage and activates platelet and coagulation processes, often linked to low ADAMTS13 enzyme levels, particularly in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, which raises thrombotic risk by increasing the VWF/ADAMTS13 ratio.
  • - Treatment focuses on diagnosing the specific cause and may include therapies to inhibit complement activation, supportive care, and plasmapheresis
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Pancreatic cancer is a significant challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and complex management, leading to high mortality rates and a dismally low 5-year survival rate. Approximately 85% of cases manifest as adenocarcinoma, while endocrine tumors constitute less than 5%. Borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancers are particularly difficult to treat due to vascular involvement, which complicates complete resections and increases morbidity.

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Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, occurring when the heart's need for oxygen cannot be met. It is defined by elevated cardiac biomarkers without ST-segment elevation and often carries a poorer prognosis than most ST-segment elevation events. NSTEMI usually results from severe coronary artery narrowing, transient occlusion, or microembolization of thrombus/atheromatous material.

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Introduction: Armenia's and Georgia's high rates of smoking and secondhand smoke and recent implementation of smoke-free laws provide a timely opportunity to examine factors that increase compliance, like social enforcement and support for governmental enforcement.

Methods: Using 2022 data from 1468 Armenian and Georgian adults (mean age=42.92 years, 48.

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Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from peel and juice C. limon and their antiviral efficacy against HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.

Virus Res

November 2024

Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; UOC Patologia e Microbiologia, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, 84126 Salerno, Italy. Electronic address:

The growing threat of viral infections requires innovative therapeutic approaches to safeguard human health. Nanomaterials emerge as a promising solution to overcome the limitations associated with conventional therapies. The eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) currently represents a method that guarantees antimicrobial efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.

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CHD2-related epilepsy is characterized by early-onset photosensitive myoclonic epilepsy with developmental delay and a high rate of pharmacoresistance. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) in CHD2-related epilepsy, due to ACZ's unexpected efficacy in our first patient harboring a pathogenic CHD2 variant. We collected patients from different Eastern European countries with drug-resistant CHD2-related epilepsy who were then treated with ACZ.

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Background: Hereditary cancer is estimated to account for up to 10% of the worldwide cancer burden; 5% of all thyroid cancers are thought to be genetic. Inheritance of a deleterious mutation in genes associated with a high lifetime risk of developing cancer. Cancer-predisposing genes can promote the initiation and progression of thyroid cancer by enhancing the activation of major signaling pathways through oxidative stress mechanisms.

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Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: is it the same as an adult?

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med

December 2024

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Importance: Antiphospholipid syndrome in neonates and children is a rare, but in some cases life-threatening condition with arterial and/or venous thrombosis and/or non-thrombotic neurological, skin, ophthalmological and other manifestations.

Observations: This review highlights the available information about the features of pediatric APS, including the rare catastrophic form, the differences between pediatric and adult APS, and the role of genetic thrombophilia in APS manifestation.

Conclusions And Relevance: The clinical manifestations and treatment options for APS in children may differ from those in adults, and prescribing therapy can be challenging due to the unique clinical and morphological characteristics of the pediatric patient.

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Exosomes in Renal Cell Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nanovehicles.

Technol Cancer Res Treat

August 2024

Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK.

Early diagnosis is crucial for enhancing the survival rate of renal cell cancer patients, and exosomes present potential advantages in this area. Their small size, high mobility, and lipid bilayer structure enable exosomes to cross biological membranes easily, protecting the bioactive cargo within from degradation. Exosomes significantly influence the invasion and metastasis of RCC, and they also contribute to tumor drug resistance and immune evasion.

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Objectives: Though laparoscopic surgery is effective for the treatment of deep endometriosis (DE), postoperative management remains controversial. Dienogest therapy after surgery may improve spontaneous pregnancy rates and decrease the severity of dysmenorrhea in infertile patients with DE. To determine the efficacy of postsurgical therapy with dienogest for improving fertility and reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea in infertile patients with DE.

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Sleep duration is a substantial risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite much research, the precise nature of the relationship between the amount of sleep and AF remains unclear. This narrative review explores the relationship between AF and sleep duration, looking at genetic, mechanistic, and epidemiological data to explain this association.

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Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential in neuronal and glial cell development and differentiation, synaptogenesis, and myelin sheath formation. In addition to nuclear receptors, TH acts through αvβ3-integrin on the plasma membrane, influencing transcriptional regulation of signaling proteins that, in turn, affect adhesion and survival of nerve cells in various neurologic disorders. TH exhibits protective properties during brain hypoxia; however, precise intracellular mechanisms responsible for the preventive effects of TH remain unclear.

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Background: With integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) use associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and BMI increases associated with higher diabetes mellitus (DM) risk, this study explored the relationship between INSTI/non-INSTI regimens, BMI changes, and DM risk.

Methods: RESPOND participants were included if they had CD4, HIV RNA, and ≥ 2 BMI measurements during follow up. Those with prior DM were excluded.

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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated complications, such as anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), pose significant challenges to global healthcare systems. This study explores the demographic and clinical characteristics of 284 kidney failure (KF) patients undergoing hemodialysis, in an effort to shed light on the possible association between anemia and SHPT. A proven connection between the two could theoretically influence the management plans for CKD patients, with the hopes of achieving lower morbidity and/or mortality in this patient group.

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Introduction According to a 2023 poll by the International Society of Nephrology, 850 million individuals worldwide suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) is the primary treatment for 69% of the patients with CKD. While HD effectively regulates fluid balance and electrolyte levels, patients often face challenges such as weakness, exhaustion, and cognitive changes, which impact their quality of life. Sleep-related issues, including poor quality, excessive morning sleepiness, insomnia, and restless leg syndrome (RLS), are particularly common among HD patients.

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Unlabelled: The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gallbladder diseases, particularly cholecystitis and gallbladder polyps, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the presence of H. pylori in gallbladder tissues and its potential role in gallbladder pathologies, as well as to examine the expression of chemokines CXCL2 and CXCL5 in these conditions.

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ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO REDUCING SECONDHAND SMOKE EXPOSURE AMONG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE COUNTRY OF GEORGIA.

Georgian Med News

May 2024

2Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

Unlabelled: Public smoke-free policy support can contribute to effective policy adoption, implementation, and impact. Furthermore, individuals may engage in behaviors to reduce secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe). This study examined factors associated with smoke-free policy support and behaviors to reduce SHSe.

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Introduction: This study aims to study the disparity in Cigna and Medicaid insurance holders, to secure an appointment for a patient with a headache for two days unrelieved by over-the-counter medication.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional "secret shopper" type study, assessing the three most populated cities in seven states with the lowest Medicaid coverage and Internal Medicine specialists within a 10-mile radius, with a minimum rating of 3 stars and a willingness to accept new patients.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the average waiting period for those with Medicaid and Cigna in the states of Missouri, Nebraska, and Utah, as well as the total average for all seven states.

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The annual global May Measurement Month screening campaign initiated by the International Society of Hypertension aims to raise awareness of raised blood pressure (BP) and in the absence of systematic screening is a useful surrogate indicating the size of the problem of hypertension in the general population in Georgia. May Measurement Month screening was carried out at 400 sites in Georgia in 2021, and more than 500 volunteers, including physicians (80%) and medical students (20%), carried out in the screening. Adults aged ≥18 years were recruited opportunistically, and three BP readings were measured, along with a questionnaire collecting information on demographics, lifestyle, and co- morbidities.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the most challenging infectious diseases worldwide. Coinfection with HIV increases the likelihood of extrapulmonary involvement, including the tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS-TB). CNS-TB often presents as tuberculomas or tuberculous meningitis.

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Objective Breast cancer patients who receive chemotherapy may develop cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity, particularly if they have pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors. Notably, right ventricle dysfunction may manifest before the left ventricle. Our study aims to compare conventional echocardiography with global longitudinal strain (GLS) in low cardiovascular risk patients on low-dose anthracycline, focusing on early cardiotoxicity detection.

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We conducted a retrospective cohort study among individuals with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and diabetes to determine the association between metformin use and tuberculosis treatment outcomes. We found that individuals with metformin use had a significantly lower risk of poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes (adjusted RR=0.25, 95%CI 0.

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Expanding the Mutational Landscape and Clinical Phenotype of CHD2-Related Encephalopathy.

Neurol Genet

August 2024

From the Department of Neuromuscular Disorders (A.C.-H., T.L., B.A., R.K., R.M., S.E., H.H.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy (A.C.-H.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; The Francis Crick Institute (A.C.-H.), London, United Kingdom; Cyprus Paediatric Neurology Institute (S.S., P.N.), Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (M. Scala, P.S.), Università Degli Studi di Genova; U.O.C. Genetica Medica (M. Scala, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Pediatric Psychiatry and Neurology (P.B.), Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit (F.M.), IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Paediatric Neurology (S.B.), Tbilisi State Medical University, GA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (V.M.S., V.G.), Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India; MediClub Hospital (U.G.), Baku, Azerbaijan; Department of Clinical and Functional Neurology (A.M., A.-L.P., C.B., D.M.V.), University Hospital of Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; Division of Pediatric Neurology (A.G., H.P.), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Paediatric Clinical Epileptology, Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology (J. de Bellescize), University Hospitals of Lyon; Pediatric and Fetal Imaging Department (S.C.), Femme-Mere-Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, France; Department of Neuropediatrics (A.W.), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; MVZ Mitteldeutscher Praxisverbund Humangenetik GmbH (A.S.), Johannesstr. 147, Erfurt, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Unit (A.R.-P.), Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics (N.C., G.L.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; NeuroMyoGene Institute (N.C., G.L.), CNRS UMR 5261-INSERM U1315, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, France; Hunter Genetics (H.G.), Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia; University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; John Hunter Children's Hospital (J. Brown), Australia; Institute of Medical Genetics (T.F., K.S., A.R.), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; (A.R.), University Children's Hospital Zurich; University of Zurich Research Priority Program ITINERARE: Innovative Therapies in Rare Diseases, AdaBD: Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning, Switzerland; Neuroradiology Unit (M. Severino.), IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy; University of Nicosia Medical School (P.N.), Nicosia, Cyprus.

Objectives: To present a case series of novel variants in patients presenting with genetic epileptic and developmental encephalopathy.

Background: CHD2 gene encodes an ATP-dependent enzyme, chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2, involved in chromatin remodeling. Pathogenic variants in CHD2 are linked to early-onset conditions such as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, drug-resistant epilepsies, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Healthcare Workers on the Frontlines of War: Essential Roles and Responsibilities.

Am J Med Open

June 2024

Biomed Implants and Research Technologies, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

This article explores the indispensable roles and responsibilities of healthcare workers on the frontlines of war, where they grapple with the profound challenges posed by conflict. In the midst of decimated healthcare infrastructure, these professionals become pivotal in delivering urgent medical care while facing significant risks. Beyond immediate healing, healthcare workers navigate the psychological toll of war, addressing widespread trauma and limited mental health support.

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